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Rashed A, van Herk WG. Pest Elaterids of North America: New Insights and Opportunities for Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:1-20. [PMID: 37562049 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-123249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The larval stages of click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species, several of which are serious agricultural pests, are called wireworms. Their cryptic subterranean habitat, resilience, among-species differences in ecology and biology, and broad host range, as well as the lack of objective economic injury thresholds, have rendered wireworms a challenging pest complex to control. Significant progress has been made in recent years, introducing a new effective class of insecticides and improving species identification and our understanding of species-specific phenology, chemical ecology (i.e., adult sex pheromones and larval olfactory cues), and abiotic and biotic factors influencing the efficacy of biological control agents. These new developments have created opportunities for further research into improving our risk assessment, monitoring, and integrated pest management capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rashed
- Department of Entomology, Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech, Blackstone, Virginia, USA;
| | - Willem G van Herk
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada;
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Schoeppner E, Millar JG, Kuhar TP, Doughty H, Cherry RH, Hall G, Knowles CG, Williams L, Huseth AS. Optimization of 13-tetradecenyl acetate sex pheromone for trapping Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1423-1431. [PMID: 37208312 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Corn wireworm, Melanotus communis Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Elateridae), is an economically important larval pest of root and tuber crops in the United States. Previous work to estimate field-level abundance of M. communis has focused on grain-based larval baits placed in soil. However, this sampling method is labor intensive and may not estimate population size accurately. Recent discovery of the M. communis sex pheromone, 13-tetradecenyl acetate, provides a new method to monitor this pest during the adult stage. Early studies with this pheromone showed that different trapping methods might enhance catch and improve trap servicing. We hypothesized that placing lures on elevated traps would increase M. communis capture relative to the in-ground pitfall trapping that is currently used. We had 2 objectives for this study: (a) to compare pheromone captures among in-ground pitfall traps, on-ground pitfalls, elevated pitfalls (1 m), or elevated sticky cards (1 m) and (b) test lure longevity by aging the lures outdoors at 8-, 6-, 4-, 2-, and 0-wk intervals prior to trap deployment in the field. Experiments were conducted in North Carolina, Virginia, South Carolina, and Florida during the 2021 and 2022 field seasons. Results highlight large variation in M. communis abundance across the 4 states. We showed that 1 m elevated pheromone traps caught the most beetles. The age of the lure prior to deployment had a significant effect on trap catch. The lures that were aged for fewer weeks attracted significantly more beetles, with 0- and 2-wk-old lures capturing the greatest numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Schoeppner
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, 840 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California-Riverside, 3401 Watkins Dr., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas P Kuhar
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech University, 311 Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hélène Doughty
- Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Virginia Tech University, Painter, VA 23420, USA
| | - Ronald H Cherry
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA
| | - Grace Hall
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, 840 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Caitlin G Knowles
- Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Livy Williams
- USDA-ARS U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414, USA
| | - Anders S Huseth
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and NC Plant Sciences Initiative, North Carolina State University, 840 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Furlan L, Bona S, Tóth M. The Effect of Lure Position and Vegetation on the Performance of YATLORf Traps in the Monitoring of Click Beetles ( Agriotes spp., Coleoptera: Elateridae). INSECTS 2023; 14:542. [PMID: 37367357 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost monitoring tools are needed to implement IPM in arable crops. YATLORf (Yf) traps baited with respective synthetic pheromone lures have proven to be a reliable tool for monitoring Agriotes spp., Europe's most harmful soil pests. To optimize Yf use, we studied the effect of lure position in the trap and crop density on trap performance. Yf management detail was studied between 2000-2003 and 2014-2016 in various countries, with the traps being arranged in blocks. Each block contained one trap per treatment (i.e., lure position) under study. It was ascertained that lure attractant capacity can vary greatly with the lure's position in the trap and the extent of vegetation. Information for making practical decisions is given. The 'low' lure position is suitable for all species in all field conditions, and is the best choice for A. brevis. Lures for A. brevis and A. lineatus need to be placed in the low position when the field has no or sparse vegetation cover. The 'high' lure position is unsuitable for A. brevis and A. obscurus, and should be considered for some species only. There are no restrictions on position for catching A. sordidus, i.e., any position is suitable. Dense vegetation (e.g., wheat) reduced the Yf trap's potential for catching A. sordidus. Placing the trap just outside the field, or in a nearby field with bare/sparse vegetation, maintained the maximum catching potential. Vegetation density also influenced beetle sex ratio, with A. brevis and A. sordidus females always found in traps placed in fields with bare or low-density vegetation. Our findings have made it possible to obtain consistent monitoring outputs and to begin studies on multi-baiting the same trap, which can significantly reduce monitoring costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Furlan
- Veneto Agricoltura, Agricultural Research Department, Viale dell'Università, 14, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Bona
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, ELKH, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
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van Herk WG, Vernon RS, Goudis L, Mitchell T. Protection of Potatoes and Mortality of Wireworms (Agriotes obscurus) With Various Application Methods of Broflanilide, a Novel Meta-Diamide Insecticide. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1930-1946. [PMID: 36222544 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wireworms are primary pests of potatoes in Canada. Presently, the highly toxic organophosphate phorate (i.e., Thimet 20G) is the only effective insecticide in use in Canada. As such, there is an urgent need for novel alternative treatments that provide competitive tuber blemish protection and wireworm reduction with a safer human and environmental portfolio. Herein we evaluated broflanilide, a novel meta-diamide insecticide for both tuber protection and wireworm mortality. When evaluated in field trials in Agassiz, British Columbia over 6 yr, broflanilide applied as a seed piece treatment (SPT) to mother tubers at 1.5-2.0 g AI/100 kg seed (approx. 50 g AI/ha), or as an in-furrow spray (IFS) at 0.23-0.25 g AI/100 m row (approx. 25 g AI/ha) was as effective at reducing blemishes to daughter tubers by wireworms (Agriotes obscurus) as phorate (Thimet 20G at 3230 g AI/ha), bifenthrin (Capture 2EC IFS at 300 g AI/ha) and clothianidin (Titan ST at 312.5 g AI/ha). In addition, broflanilide SPT and IFS applied at the above rates reduced resident wireworms (in the field at the time of planting) by 95.4-99.0% and neonate wireworms (produced from eggs laid during the growing season) by 98.1-100%. Similar results were obtained when broflanilide IFS (nonsystemic) was paired with clothianidin SPT (systemic) for broad-spectrum potato insect pest control. Strategies for the use of broflanilide on wheat (e.g., Teraxxa F4) in rotation with potatoes (Cimegra), both registered in Canada in 2020 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem G van Herk
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia, V0M 1A0, Canada
| | - Robert S Vernon
- Sentinel IPM Services, 4430 Estate Drive, Chilliwack, British Columbia, V2R 3B5, Canada
| | - Lindsey Goudis
- BASF Canada Inc., 1288 Glanworth Drive, London, Ontario, N6N 1H1, Canada
| | - Terisha Mitchell
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1000, Agassiz, British Columbia, V0M 1A0, Canada
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