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Pal S, Bhattacharya S, Dhar T, Gupta A, Ghosh A, Debnath S, Gangavarapu N, Pati P, Chaudhuri N, Chatterjee H, Senapati SK, Bhattacharya PM, Gathala MK, Laing AM. Hymenopteran parasitoid complex and fall armyworm: a case study in eastern India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4029. [PMID: 38369546 PMCID: PMC10874954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) has significantly affected maize crop yields, production efficiency, and farmers' incomes in the Indian Eastern Gangetic Plains region since it was first observed in India in 2018. A lack of awareness by maize growers of the appropriate selection, method, and timing of insecticide application not only creates a barrier to sustainable FAW control but also contributes to increased environmental pollution, reduced human health and increased production costs. We demonstrated that FAW inflicted the most damage in early whorl growth stage of maize, regardless of whether chemical insecticides were applied. FAW egg masses and larvae collected from maize fields in which no insecticides had been sprayed showed high parasitism rates by parasitoid wasps; in contrast fields that had been sprayed had much lower rates of parasitism on FAW. Ten hymenopteran parasitoids were observed in maize fields across the study region, suggesting a diversity of natural methods to suppress FAW in maize at different growth stages. These included two FAW egg parasitoids and eight FAW larval parasitoids. Microplitis manilae Ashmead was the most abundant FAW larval parasitoid species, and Telenomus cf. remus was the dominant FAW egg parasitoid species. Endemic FAW parasitoids such as those observed in this study have great potential as part of a sustainable, cost-effective agroecological management strategy, which can be integrated with other methods to achieve effective control of FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Pal
- Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | | | - Tapamay Dhar
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (UBKV), Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, 736165, India
| | - Ankita Gupta
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560024, India
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (UBKV), Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, 736165, India
| | - Sandip Debnath
- Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Nikhitha Gangavarapu
- Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0816, USA
| | - Prajna Pati
- Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
- Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751030, India
| | - Nilanjana Chaudhuri
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (UBKV), Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, 736165, India
| | - Hirak Chatterjee
- Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India
| | - Sabita Kumar Senapati
- Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya (UBKV), Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, 736165, India
| | | | - Mahesh Kumar Gathala
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Alison M Laing
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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