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Ancestral Haplotype Retention and Population Expansion Determine the Complicated Population Genetic Structure of the Hilly Lineage of Neolucanus swinhoei Complex (Coleoptera, Lucanidae) on the Subtropical Taiwan Island. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030227. [PMID: 33807992 PMCID: PMC7999642 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that the complicated genetic structure of the hilly lineage of the Neolucanus swinhoei complex was driven by its biological features and habitat requirements as well as hindrance by the CMR during periodical Pleistocene glaciations. The results revealed a tendency of geographical differentiation and major and sub- lineage divergences before and after the Riss glaciation, followed by stable population growth during Würm glaciation. At least four refugia were inferred for N. swinhoei during the Riss-Würm glaciations. The ancestral haplotype retention in the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and compensated substitution in 16S rRNA gene is a possible evolutionary scenario resulting in the inconsistent evolution pattern between COI and 16S rRNA gene coupled with the long-distance dispersal of N. swinhoei. Although the CMR did hinder the dispersal of N. swinhoei, its ancestors may have dispersed to eastern Taiwan through the northern and southern low mountains of the CMR before the Riss glaciation. Our finding suggests that the population growth in the Würm glaciation led a dispersal back to western Taiwan, which is contrast to the more common dispersal scenario from western Taiwan to eastern populations proposed in other studies.
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Using mating-type loci to improve taxonomy of the Tuber indicum complex, and discovery of a new species, T. longispinosum. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193745. [PMID: 29590201 PMCID: PMC5874008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Black truffles that morphologically resemble Tuber indicum have been known to occur in Japan since 1979. Our previous studies showed that there are two phylotypes of these truffles, both of which fell into the T. indicum complex (hereinafter "Tuber sp. 6" and "Tuber sp. 7"). However, their taxonomic treatment is still unclear. In this study, we conducted morphological and phylogenetic analyses for a total of 52 specimens from Japan (16 Tuber sp. 6 and 13 Tuber sp. 7), China (10 T. himalayense and 8 T. indicum), and Taiwan (5 T. formosanum). We compared ascospore ornamentation, size, distribution of asci with average number of spores per ascus, spine size and shape of the Japanese specimens with their allied taxa. For phylogenetic analysis, we sequenced two mating loci (MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1) and three commonly used loci (ITS, β-tubulin, and TEF1-α). Three distinct lineages were recognized by phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the two mating-related loci and three independent loci. The Tuber sp. 6 sequences clustered with those of T. himalayense and T. formosanum, and there was no clear difference in morphology among them. Tuber sp. 7 formed a distinct lineage in each phylogram. The specimens tended to have five-spored asci more frequently than other allied species and could be characterized as having ascospore ornamentation with longer spines and narrower spine bases. We therefore described Tuber sp. 7 as a new species (T. longispinosum), and treat Tuber sp. 6 and T. formosanum as synonyms of T. himalayense.
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Chen Y, Peng Z, Wu C, Ma Z, Ding G, Cao G, Ruan S, Lin S. Genetic diversity and variation of Chinese fir from Fujian province and Taiwan, China, based on ISSR markers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175571. [PMID: 28406956 PMCID: PMC5391013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity and variation among 11 populations of Chinese fir from Fujian province and Taiwan were assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to reveal the evolutionary relationship in their distribution range in this report. Analysis of genetic parameters of the different populations showed that populations in Fujian province exhibited a greater level of genetic diversity than did the populations in Taiwan. Compared to Taiwan populations, significant limited gene flow were observed among Fujian populations. An UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the most individuals of Taiwan populations formed a single cluster, whereas 6 discrete clusters were formed by each population from Fujian. All populations were divided into 3 main groups and that all 5 populations from Taiwan were gathered into a subgroup combined with 2 populations, Dehua and Liancheng, formed one of the 3 main groups, which indicated relative stronger relatedness. It is supported by a genetic structure analysis. All those results are suggesting different levels of genetic diversity and variation of Chinese fir between Fujian and Taiwan, and indicating different patterns of evolutionary process and local environmental adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhuqing Peng
- Department of Nature, Fujian Museum, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Wu
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guochang Ding
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guangqiu Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaoning Ruan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (SR); (SL)
| | - Sizu Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- State Forestry Administration Engineering Research Center of Chinese Fir, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail: (SR); (SL)
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Chen C, Lu RS, Zhu SS, Tamaki I, Qiu YX. Population structure and historical demography of Dipteronia dyeriana (Sapindaceae), an extremely narrow palaeoendemic plant from China: implications for conservation in a biodiversity hot spot. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:95-106. [PMID: 28379211 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inferring past demography is a central question in evolutionary and conservation biology. It is, however, sometimes challenging to disentangle their roles of contemporary versus historical processes in shaping the current patterns of genetic variation in endangered species. In this study, we used both chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) loci and nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) loci to assess the levels of genetic differentiation, genetic effective population size, contemporary/historical levels of gene flow and demographic history for five populations sampled across the range of Dipteronia dyeriana, an endangered palaeoendemism from Southwestern China. We found that D. dyeriana had a mixed pattern of moderate genetic diversity and high inbreeding. Bayesian clustering divided D. dyeriana populations into two nSSR genetic clusters. Coalescent-based approximate Bayesian computation analyses suggest the western and eastern groups of D. dyeriana likely persisted in a long-term refuge in Southern China since the beginning of the last glacial period, whereas increasingly colder and arid climates at the onset of the last glacial maximum might have fostered the fragmentation of D. dyeriana within refugia. Following their divergence, the western group kept relatively stable effective population size, whereas the eastern group had experienced 500-fold population expansion during the Holocene. Although clear loss of genetic diversity by human activities was not suggested, recent habitat fragmentation has led to a reduction of population connectivity and increased genetic differentiation by ongoing genetic drift in isolated populations, possibly owing to decreased population size in recent dozen years. Finally, we discussed the implications of these results on conservation policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - R S Lu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - S S Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - I Tamaki
- Gifu Academy of Forest Science and Culture, Mino, Japan
| | - Y X Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Vergara R, Gitzendanner MA, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and natural history of the South American species of Nothofagus subgenus Lophozonia (Nothofagaceae) inferred from nuclear microsatellite data. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2450-71. [PMID: 25360279 PMCID: PMC4203291 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of glaciation on the levels and patterns of genetic variation has been well studied in the Northern Hemisphere. However, although glaciation has undoubtedly shaped the genetic structure of plants in the Southern Hemisphere, fewer studies have characterized the effect, and almost none of them using microsatellites. Particularly, complex patterns of genetic structure might be expected in areas such as the Andes, where both latitudinal and altitudinal glacial advance and retreat have molded modern plant communities. We therefore studied the population genetics of three closely related, hybridizing species of Nothofagus (N. obliqua, N. alpina, and N. glauca, all of subgenus Lophozonia; Nothofagaceae) from Chile. To estimate population genetic parameters and infer the influence of the last ice age on the spatial and genetic distribution of these species, we examined and analyzed genetic variability at seven polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci in 640 individuals from 40 populations covering most of the ranges of these species in Chile. Populations showed no significant inbreeding and exhibited relatively high levels of genetic diversity (HE = 0.502–0.662) and slight, but significant, genetic structure (RST = 8.7–16.0%). However, in N. obliqua, the small amount of genetic structure was spatially organized into three well-defined latitudinal groups. Our data may also suggest some introgression of N. alpina genes into N. obliqua in the northern populations. These results allowed us to reconstruct the influence of the last ice age on the genetic structure of these species, suggesting several centers of genetic diversity for N. obliqua and N. alpina, in agreement with the multiple refugia hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vergara
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, 32611 ; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | | | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, 32611 ; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, 32611
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Zhang YY, Fang YM, Yu MK, Li XX, Xia T. Molecular characterization and genetic structure of Quercus acutissima germplasm in China using microsatellites. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4083-90. [PMID: 23459930 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Quercus acutissima is native to eastern Asia. It has a wide distribution in China and China is an important component in understanding the ecology and genetic structure of this species. Q. acutissima attained high economic value for hardwood product and can be managed as an energy tree species. To investigate the genetic variation of Q. acutissima provenances, 12 microsatellite primer pairs were used to analyze 672 trees sampled from 28 provenances of Q. acutissima in China. All of the tested microsatellite loci proved to be effective for the studied Q. acutissima provenances. The results revealed that allele numbers varied from 5 to 13 per locus, with an average of 8 alleles per locus. The mean observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.4927 and 0.7023, respectively. The relatedness of the provenances was studied using the arithmetic mean algorithm based on Nei's genetic distance and principal coordinates analysis. Interestingly, both approaches revealed two main groups: one consisted of the eastern Chinese provenances, and the other comprised of the western Chinese provenances. An analysis of molecular variance indicated that most genetic variation was contained within populations (84 %). The two microsatellite markers developed in this study may be employed for genetic characterization of other oak species. Considering the management or breeding programs of Q. acutissima provenances in China, we should treat each main group as a single gene resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Y Zhang
- College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159, Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
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Chiang YC, Huang BH, Liao PC. Diversification, biogeographic pattern, and demographic history of Taiwanese Scutellaria species inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50844. [PMID: 23226402 PMCID: PMC3511331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ragged topography created by orogenesis generates diversified habitats for plants in Taiwan. In addition to colonization from nearby mainland China, high species diversity and endemism of plants is also present in Taiwan. Five of the seven Scutellaria species (Lamiaceae) in Taiwan, for example, are endemic to the island. Hypotheses of multiple sources or in situ radiation have arisen to explain the high endemism of Taiwanese species. In this study, phylogenetic analyses using both nuclear and chloroplast markers revealed the multiple sources of Taiwanese Scutellaria species and confirmed the rapid and recent speciation of endemic species, especially those of the "indica group" composed of S. indica, S. austrotaiwanensis, S. tashiroi, and S. playfairii. The common ancestors of the indica group colonized first in northern Taiwan and dispersed regionally southward and eastward. Climate changes during glacial/interglacial cycles led to gradual colonization and variance events in the ancestors of these species, resulting in the present distribution and genetic differentiation of extant populations. Population decline was also detected in S. indica, which might reflect a bottleneck effect from the glacials. In contrast, the recently speciated endemic members of the indica group have not had enough time to accumulate much genetic variation and are thus genetically insensitive to demographic fluctuations, but the extant lineages were spatially expanded in the coalescent process. This study integrated phylogenetic and population genetic analyses to illustrate the evolutionary history of Taiwanese Scutellaria of high endemism and may be indicative of the diversification mechanism of plants on continental islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hong Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Kono Y, Chung KF, Chen CH, Hoshi Y, Setoguchi H, Chou CH, Oginuma K, Peng CI. Intraspecific karyotypic polymorphism is highly concordant with allozyme variation in Lysimachia mauritiana (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) in Taiwan: implications for the colonization history and dispersal patterns of coastal plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:1119-1135. [PMID: 23022678 PMCID: PMC3478052 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Investigating intraspecific karyotypic and genetic variations jointly can provide unique insights into how historical, ecological and cytogenetic factors influence microevolution. A coastal herb, Lysimachia mauritiana, exhibits extensive karyotypic polymorphism and displays a complex cytogeographic pattern across the Ryukyus. To explore whether a similar degree of chromosomal variation exists south of the Ryukyus, and in an attempt to ascertain the mechanisms that may have generated the patterns, comprehensive sampling was conducted in Taiwan. METHODS Karyotypes were analysed at mitotic metaphase for 550 individuals from 42 populations throughout Taiwan Proper and its adjacent islands. In addition, genetic variation was estimated using 12 allozymes (21 loci) of 314 individuals sampled from 12 localities. KEY RESULTS Four chromosome numbers and eight cytotypes, including four endemic cytotypes, were detected. Cytotype distributions were highly structured geographically, with single cytotypes present in most populations and four major cytotypes dominating the north, east and south of Taiwan and the Penghu Archipelago. Allozyme variation was very low and F-statistics indicated an extremely high level of population differentiation, implying limited gene flow among populations. Cluster analysis of allozyme variation uncovered four geographic groups, each corresponding perfectly to the four dominant cytotypes. The geographic structure of cytotype distribution and allozyme variation probably resulted from severe genetic drift triggered by genetic bottlenecks, suggesting that Taiwanese populations were likely to be derived from four independent founder events. In the few localities with multiple cytotypes, cytogeographic patterns and inferences of chromosomal evolution revealed a trend of northward dispersal, consistent with the course of the Kuroshio Current that has been influential in shaping the coastal biota of the region. CONCLUSIONS The data elucidate the patterns of colonization and the effects of the Kuroshio Current on the distribution of L. mauritiana in Taiwan. These inferences are highly relevant to other coastal plant species in the region and will stimulate further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Kono
- Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Kochi, Kochi 780-8515, Japan
| | - Kuo-Fang Chung
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Chen
- Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute, Chichi, Nantou 55244, Taiwan
| | - Yoshikazu Hoshi
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Setoguchi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chang-Hung Chou
- Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kazuo Oginuma
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Science, University of Kochi, Kochi 780-8515, Japan
| | - Ching-I Peng
- Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Extreme habitats that emerged in the Pleistocene triggered divergence of weedy Youngia (Asteraceae) in Taiwan. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 63:486-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tong X, Xu NN, Li L, Chen XY. Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Fagaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2012; 99:e120-e122. [PMID: 22358045 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY We isolated and characterized polymorphic microsatellite loci in Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Fagaceae), an evergreen broadleaved monoecious tree, to provide tools for analyzing parentage and mating system. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed and tested in three C. glauca populations. The number of alleles per locus varied from two to 22. The observed and expected heterozygosities within populations were 0.000-0.967 and 0.033-0.949, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These polymorphic primers showed high levels of polymorphism within tested populations, and can be used in parentage analysis and mating system estimation of C. glauca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Observation Station for Forest Ecosystems, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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Shi MM, Michalski SG, Chen XY, Durka W. Isolation by elevation: genetic structure at neutral and putatively non-neutral loci in a dominant tree of subtropical forests, Castanopsis eyrei. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21302. [PMID: 21701584 PMCID: PMC3118804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The distribution of genetic diversity among plant populations growing along elevational gradients can be affected by neutral as well as selective processes. Molecular markers used to study these patterns usually target neutral processes only, but may also be affected by selection. In this study, the effects of elevation and successional stage on genetic diversity of a dominant tree species were investigated controlling for neutrality of the microsatellite loci used. Methodology/Principal Findings Diversity and differentiation among 24 populations of Castanopsis eyrei from different elevations (251–920 m) and successional stages were analysed by eight microsatellite loci. We found that one of the loci (Ccu97H18) strongly deviated from a neutral model of differentiation among populations due to either divergent selection or hitchhiking with an unknown selected locus. The analysis showed that C. eyrei populations had a high level of genetic diversity within populations (AR = 7.6, HE = 0.82). Genetic variation increased with elevation for both the putatively selected locus Ccu97H18 and the neutral loci. At locus Ccu97H18 one allele was dominant at low elevations, which was replaced at higher elevations by an increasing number of other alleles. The level of genetic differentiation at neutral loci was similar to that of other Fagaceae species (FST = 0.032, = 0.15). Population differentiation followed a model of isolation by distance but additionally, strongly significant isolation by elevation was found, both for neutral loci and the putatively selected locus. Conclusions/Significance The results indicate higher gene flow among similar elevational levels than across different elevational levels and suggest a selective influence of elevation on the distribution of genetic diversity in C. eyrei. The study underlines the importance to check the selective neutrality of marker loci in analyses of population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Shi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Community Ecology (BZF), Halle, Germany.
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Shepherd LD, Perrie LR. Microsatellite DNA analyses of a highly disjunct New Zealand tree reveal strong differentiation and imply a formerly more continuous distribution. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:1389-400. [PMID: 21366745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although New Zealand is a biodiversity hotspot, there has been little genetic investigation of why so many of its threatened and uncommon plants have naturally disjunct distributions. We investigated the small tree Pseudopanax ferox (Araliaceae), which has a widespread but highly disjunct lowland distribution within New Zealand. Genotyping of nuclear microsatellites and a chloroplast locus revealed pronounced genetic differentiation and four principal genetic clusters. Our results indicate that the disjunct distribution is a product of vicariance rather than long-distance dispersal. This highlights the need to preserve multiple populations when disjunct distributions are the result of vicariance, rather than focusing conservation efforts on a core area, in order to retain as much as possible of a species' evolutionary legacy and potential. Additionally, based on our genetic findings and the ecology of P. ferox, we hypothesize that it was more continuously distributed during the drier (but not maximally colder) interstadials of glacial periods and/or on the fertile soils available immediately postglacial. We further hypothesize that P. ferox belongs to a suite of species of drought-prone and/or fertile habitats whose distributions are actually restricted during warmer and wetter interglacial periods, despite being principally of the lowlands. Our genetic data for P. ferox are also the first consistent with the survival during the Last Glacial Maxima of a lowland tree at high latitudes in the south-eastern South Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara D Shepherd
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Anderson LL, Hu FS, Paige KN. Phylogeographic History of White Spruce During the Last Glacial Maximum: Uncovering Cryptic Refugia. J Hered 2010; 102:207-16. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esq110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liao PC, Kuo DC, Lin CC, Ho KC, Lin TP, Hwang SY. Historical spatial range expansion and a very recent bottleneck of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay. (Lauraceae) in Taiwan inferred from nuclear genes. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:124. [PMID: 20433752 PMCID: PMC2880300 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Species in the varied geographic topology of Taiwan underwent obvious demographic changes during glacial periods. Cinnamomum kanehirae has been exploited for timber and to obtain medicinal fungi for the past 100 years. Understanding anthropogenic factors influencing the demography of this species after the last glacial maximum (LGM) is critically important for the conservation of this species. Results Populations of C. kanehirae were classified into four geographic regions: northwestern (NW), west-central (WC), southwestern (SW), and southeastern (SE). In total, 113 individuals from 19 localities were sampled, and variations in the chalcone synthase gene (Chs) intron and leafy (Lfy) intron-2 sequences of nuclear DNA were examined in order to assess phylogeographic patterns, the timescales of demographic and evolutionary events, and recent anthropogenic effects. In total, 210 Chs and 170 Lfy sequences, which respectively constituted 36 and 35 haplotypes, were used for the analyses. Estimates of the migration rate (M) through time revealed a pattern of frequent gene flow during previous and the present interglacials. The isolation-by-distance test showed that there generally was no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. The level of among-region genetic differentiation was significant when comparing eastern to western populations. However, no significant among-region genetic differentiation was found in comparisons among the four geographic regions. Moreover, essentially no genetic structuring was found for the three regions west of the CMR. A fit of spatial range expansion was found for pooled and regional samples according to the non-significant values of the sum of squared deviations. Using the Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) method, a recent bottleneck after the LGM expansion was detected in both regional and pooled samples. Conclusions Common haplotype distributions among geographic regions and the relatively shallow genetic structuring displayed are the result of historical gene flows. Southward dispersals in an earlier time frame from the NW region and in a later time frame from the SE region were inferred. The BSP analysis suggested a postglacial expansion event. Recent trends, however, refer to a bottleneck due to human interventions observed for both pooled and regional C. kanehirae samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Liao
- Department of Life Science, Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Elucidating genetic signatures of native and introduced populations of the Cycad Blue, Chilades pandava to Taiwan: a threat both to Sago Palm and to native Cycas populations worldwide. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Two genetic divergence centers revealed by chloroplastic DNA variation in populations of Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay. CONSERV GENET 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-9901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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