1
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Huo X, Xiao X, Zhang S, Du X, Li C, Bai Z, Chen Z. Characterization and clinical evaluation of microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity in tumor-related genes in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:430. [PMID: 33868468 PMCID: PMC8045158 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) detection is widely used in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of colorectal cancer. However, for gastric cancer (GC), there is no standard panel of microsatellites (MSs) used in clinical guidance. The present study aimed to identify useful predictors of the clinical features and for the prognosis of GC, based on an investigation of MSI and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumor-related genes. First, from 20 tumor-related genes which were proven to be important to the development of GC, 91 MSs were identified, and PCR amplification, short tandem repeat scanning analysis and TA clone sequencing were used to analyze MSI and LOH in the first set of 90 GC samples. Subsequently, the same method was used to detect the MSI/LOH of the optimized loci in the second set of 136 GC samples. MSI/LOH in the mismatch repair genes was highly consistent with that in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, respectively. The length of the core sequence was a main factor for the MSI/LOH rate. The MSI of 12 single loci was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. The MSI in TP53-1 and the LOH in MGMT-10 were significantly associated with early stages of tumor infiltration depth. The LOH in MGMT-10, PTN-2 and MCC-17 was significantly associated with TNM stage. The LOH in TP53-1 and ERBB2-12 was associated with adenocarcinoma. The MSI/LOH in 6 single loci of 5 tumor-related genes was associated with poor prognosis of GC. The present study demonstrated that the MSI/LOH of loci in tumor-associated genes was associated with 4 clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of GC. These results may provide potential specific biomarkers for the clinical prediction and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Tumor Model Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Tumor Model Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Tumor Model Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Tumor Model Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Tumor Model Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- Tumor Model Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Tumor Model Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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2
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Liu X, Liu Y, Cao Q, Wu Y, Huo X, Du X, Chen Z. Impact of age on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced microsatellite instability in young and old C57BL/6J mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 853:503189. [PMID: 32522351 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Age is an important factor in the evaluation of chemical toxicology. Chemical carcinogenic compounds can induce genomic mutations. However, few studies have been conducted on the association between genomic mutation frequency, such as microsatellite instability (MSI), and the age of mice treated with a nitrosourea mutagen. In the current work, we treated young (6 weeks) and old (10 months) mice with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) for 4 months; the MSI frequency was then measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) scanning. The percentage of animals with MSI in the old group was significantly higher than that in the young group (100% and 75%). The frequency of MSI events was significantly different between the two groups as well (15.8% for old and 9.4% for young). The ratio of MSI loci displayed no obvious difference between the two groups. In addition, a few loci, including D15Mit5 and D8Mit14 exhibited the highest frequency of MSI events. Since specific loci showed increased MSI in the present study and a higher frequency in previous studies, these loci could be regarded as "hot spot". These results suggested that old mice would be more susceptible to this mutagen, and prone to accrue MSI. The hot spot microsatellite loci are potentially useful markers for genomic instability analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qi Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
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3
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Liu X, Yu X, Xu Y, Du X, Huo X, Li C, Lv J, Guo M, Lu J, Chen Z. Development of an effective microsatellite marker system to determine the genetic structure of Meriones meridianus populations. Exp Anim 2020; 69:224-232. [PMID: 32062628 PMCID: PMC7220706 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic quality of the gerbil, Meriones meridianus,
plays an important role in the study of medical biology. However, no effective system has
been established for evaluating a population’s genetic diversity to date. In the present
study, we established a set of reasonable evaluative systems based on microsatellite
markers of the Mongolian gerbil by using the method of cross-amplification of species.
Following electrophoresis analysis, short tandem repeat (STR) scanning, and sequencing, 11
microsatellite loci were identified by matching the criteria characteristics and were used
to evaluate the genetic diversity of two stocks of Meriones meridianus: Meriones
meridianus jei Wang, 1964 (M. m. jei) and Meriones
meridianus cryptorhinus Blanford, 1875 (M. m. cryptorhinus)
from Xinjiang, China. The microsatellite loci screened were highly polymorphic and were
suitable for genetic quality control of Meriones meridianus. In addition,
the quality of the non-bred M. m. jei and M. m.
cryptorhinus strains in our study is sufficient for them to be promising stocks
in the future for the farmed animal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyi Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yimei Xu
- Center for Laboratory Animal Research of Xinjiang, Center for Disease Control of Xinjiang, No. 138, Jianquan Yi Jie, Tianshan District, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Changlong Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Lv
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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4
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Ahmadpour M, Moradi HV, Rezaei HR, Oshaghi MA, Hapeman P, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A. Genetic diversity and structure of the Great Gerbil,Rhombomys opimus, in Iran (Mammalia: Rodentia). ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2020.1711625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadpour
- Research Center for the Caspian Region, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Varasteh Moradi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul Hapeman
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, USA
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5
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Liu X, Feng D, Huo X, Xiao X, Chen Z. Association of intron microsatellite status and exon mutational profiles of TP53 in human colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4287-4294. [PMID: 31777536 PMCID: PMC6862561 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), which cause genomic instability, contribute to cancer pathogenesis. However, only few studies have evaluated the association of a single microsatellite locus of the TP53 gene with the mutation spectra of TP53 exons. A total of 256 patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled in the present study. MSI/LOH alterations of a microsatellite in the TP53 intron (TP53ALU) were assessed via short tandem repeat scanning. The exon mutation profile was evaluated by direct sequencing. The mutation rate of TP53 exons was significantly higher in tumors with LOH alterations of TP53 introns compared with those in tumors with a microsatellite-stable status in the TP53 intron (P=0.0047). TNM stage II was significantly more frequent in MSI vs. LOH or MSS of the TP53 intron (P=0.027 and P=0.048, respectively). Thus, microsatellite alterations may be valuable predictors of TP53 exon mutation and the TNM stage of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Xiao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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6
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The different baseline characteristics of cognitive behavior test between Mongolian gerbils and rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 352:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Brekke TD, Steele KA, Mulley JF. Inbred or Outbred? Genetic Diversity in Laboratory Rodent Colonies. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:679-686. [PMID: 29242387 PMCID: PMC5919727 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonmodel rodents are widely used as subjects for both basic and applied biological research, but the genetic diversity of the study individuals is rarely quantified. University-housed colonies tend to be small and subject to founder effects and genetic drift; so they may be highly inbred or show substantial genetic divergence from other colonies, even those derived from the same source. Disregard for the levels of genetic diversity in an animal colony may result in a failure to replicate results if a different colony is used to repeat an experiment, as different colonies may have fixed alternative variants. Here we use high throughput sequencing to demonstrate genetic divergence in three isolated colonies of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) even though they were all established recently from the same source. We also show that genetic diversity in allegedly "outbred" colonies of nonmodel rodents (gerbils, hamsters, house mice, deer mice, and rats) varies considerably from nearly no segregating diversity to very high levels of polymorphism. We conclude that genetic divergence in isolated colonies may play an important role in the "replication crisis." In a more positive light, divergent rodent colonies represent an opportunity to leverage genetically distinct individuals in genetic crossing experiments. In sum, awareness of the genetic diversity of an animal colony is paramount as it allows researchers to properly replicate experiments and also to capitalize on other genetically distinct individuals to explore the genetic basis of a trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Brekke
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, LL57 2DG, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Steele
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, LL57 2DG, United Kingdom
| | - John F Mulley
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, LL57 2DG, United Kingdom
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8
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Du X, Wang D, Li Y, Huo X, Li C, Lu J, Wang Y, Guo M, Chen Z. Newly breeding an inbred strain of ischemia-prone Mongolian gerbils and its reproduction and genetic characteristics. Exp Anim 2017; 67:83-90. [PMID: 29046492 PMCID: PMC5814317 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.17-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil has been a useful laboratory animal in many research fields,
especially in ischemia studies. However, due to the variation of the circle of Willis
(COW), the ischemic model is unstable and various. To solve this problem, we newly
established an inbred strain of gerbils, restricting breeding and keeping to
F23. The data on the breeding and growth of the animals are described in the
present study. The genetic characteristics of F4 to F20 detected by
microsatellite DNA and biochemical markers are also shown here. The results demonstrated
that the frequency of ischemic model by unilateral carotid occlusion and the frequency of
incomplete COW increased, increasing from 50% and 75% in F1 to 88.89% and 100%
in F20, respectively. The ratios of consistent patterns of COW in parents were
positively related with the number of inbred generations. A reproductive performance
analysis indicated that the average size of litters in the inbred gerbils was less than
that of outbred gerbils and that adult body weight was also lower in inbred gerbils; also,
the pups in the 2nd litter were the best ones chosen to reproduce. The genetic detection
results indicated that 26 out of 28 microsatellite loci and all 26 biochemical markers
were homozygous in F20, showing comparably identical genetic composition in
inbred gerbils. All the data demonstrated that an inbred strain of ischemia-prone gerbil
has been established successfully. This strain can be used in stroke research and can
largely reduce the number of animals needed in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Animal, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Dongping Wang
- Institute of Jingfeng Medical Laboratory Animals, No. 20 Dongdajie, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Jingfeng Medical Laboratory Animals, No. 20 Dongdajie, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, P.R. China.,Animal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xin Cheng Da Jie, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Animal, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Animal, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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9
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Khemiri H, Pimenta J, Amorim A, Chevret P, Nouira S, Lopes AM. Genetic diversity within two Tunisian wild jirds: Meriones shawi and Meriones libycus (Rodentia, Gerbillinae). AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2016.1269612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Khemiri
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - João Pimenta
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pascale Chevret
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive – UMR CNRS 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Saïd Nouira
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Department of Biology, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Alexandra M Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Zhang S, Huo X, Li Z, Li X, Tang W, Li C, Guo M, Du X, Chen Z. Microsatellite instability detected in tumor-related genes in C57BL/6J mice with thymic lymphoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Mutat Res 2015; 782:7-16. [PMID: 26498208 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been observed within tumors and found to be closely associated with the degree of malignancy and prognosis in tumors. However, whether MSI in tumor-related genes can be induced by a chemical and whether a connection exists between MSI and tumors remain unclear. In the present study, we detected MSI in the tissues of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treated mice by targeting to 5, 29, 30 microsatellite loci in 3 mismatch repair (MMR) genes, 1 DNA repair gene, and 5 tumor suppressor (TS) genes, respectively. Among 26 mice survived in the MNU-group, 18 (69%) mice presented thymic lymphomas. Moreover, 61% (11/18) of the tumors metastasized to the other organs, including the liver, spleen, and kidney. We examined 104 tissues from MNU-treated mice using the 64 loci, and found 8 MSI events involved 4 loci in 4 tissues types. The MSI incidence in MMR, DNA repair, and TS genes was 67% (2/3), 0% (0/1) and 40% (2/5), respectively. MSI occurrence in tumor and non-tumor tissues was 5.6% (1/18) and 0% (0/8) and that in metastasis and non-metastasis tissues was 7.1% (1/14) and 9.4% (6/64), showing no significant difference. MSI loci in intronic regions of Atm, Msh6 and p21 and MSI in the 3'UTR of Pms2 were detected in MNU-treated mice. Specifically, we found a loss of heterozygosity in intron of Atm (ATM-8) in one metastasis mouse. Four similar events occurred in p21 gene intron (P21-1) of another non-metastasis mouse. Another MSI was a heterozygous mutation existed in an Msh6 allele (MSH6-2) in metastasis mouse. We also found a homozygous 2-bp insertion in the 3'UTR of Pms2 in two non-metastasis mice. These results imply that MNU can induce MSI in MMR and TS genes in C57BL/6J mice. MSI frequency does not seem to be associated with tumorigenesis or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenkun Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wang Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China.
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11
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Li Z, Huo X, Zhang S, Lu J, Li C, Guo M, Fu R, He Z, Du X, Chen Z. Selection of genes associated with variations in the Circle of Willis in gerbils using suppression subtractive hybridization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127355. [PMID: 25973917 PMCID: PMC4431780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deformities in the Circle of Willis (CoW) can significantly increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these deformities have not been understood. Based on our previous studies, variations in the CoW of gerbils are hereditary. A normal CoW is observed in approximately 60% of gerbils, a percentage that also applies to humans. Thus, gerbil is an ideal experimental model for studying variations in the CoW. To study the mechanisms underlying these variations, we selected genes associated with different types of the CoW using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). After evaluating the efficiency of SSH using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) on subtracted and unsubtracted cDNA and Southern blotting on SSH PCR products, 12 SSH libraries were established. We identified 4 genes (CST3, GNAS, GPx4 and PFN2) associated with variations in the CoW. These genes were identified with qPCR and Western blotting using 70 expressed sequence tags from the SSH libraries. Cloning and sequencing allowed us to demonstrate that the 4 genes were closely related to mouse genes. We may assume that these 4 genes play an important role in the development of variations in the CoW. This study provides a foundation for further research of genes related to development of variations in the CoW and the mechanisms of dysmorphosis of cerebral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuangyue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rui Fu
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhengming He
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (XD)
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (XD)
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Du X, Lan T, Yuan B, Chen J, Hu J, Ren W, Chen Z. Cadmium-induced microsatellite instability in the kidneys and leukocytes of C57BL/6J mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:683-692. [PMID: 24391048 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a cytotoxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic industrial product or byproduct. The correlation between metal exposure and microsatellite instability (MSI) has been reported by several groups. In the present study, 50 C57BL/6J mice at 6 weeks of age were divided into five groups and intraperitoneally injected with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg cadmium chloride quaque die alterna for 4 weeks. Then, the liver, kidney, testis, leukocytes, bone marrow, and small intestine were collected from the treated mice and weighed. Portions of these tissues were fixed for further histological analysis, and the remaining tissues were subjected to genomic DNA extraction for the analysis of a panel of 42 microsatellite markers. The liver and testis weight coefficients were significantly changed in the 1 and 2 mg/kg cadmium chloride-treated groups compared with the control group. Simultaneously, severe histopathologic changes in the liver and kidneys, along with a complete disorganization of testicular structure and obvious severe necrosis in the testes were observed in the cadmium-treated group. The cadmium accumulated in the liver and kidneys of the mice in all cadmium-treated groups; the tissue cadmium concentrations were significantly higher than those in the control group. After STR scanning, MSI was found at three loci (D15Mit5, D10Mit266, and DxMit172) in the kidneys and leukocytes of mice in the lower dose groups (0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg). In summary, we have successfully established a sub-chronic cadmium exposure model and confirmed that cadmium exposure can induce MSI in mice. We also identified two loci that could be regarded as "hotspots" of microsatellite mutation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianfeng Lan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wenzhi Ren
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
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Huo X, Zhang S, Li Z, Gao J, Wang C, Li C, Guo M, Du X, Chen Z. Analysis of the relationship between microsatellite instability and thymic lymphoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in C57BL/6J mice. Mutat Res 2014; 771:21-8. [PMID: 25771976 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been found to be closely associated with many types of human tumors and often shows strong correlations with specific tumor features. However, the relationship between MSI and tumors are still unclear. The aim of the present study is to explore the relationships between MSI, tumor formation under the mutagenic effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Mice were administered with either MNU (90 mg/kg) or PBS and DMSO (control) at the beginning of the 1st week of the experiment. Of the 31 mice that survived the entire experimental time course, 19 (61.3%) mice developed thymic lymphomas. In addition, 52.6% (10/19) of the tumors had metastasized to the liver. We detected MSI in MNU-treated mice using a panel of 42 mutation-sensitive loci. Nineteen loci (45.2%) in six organs showed 70 MSI events. Locus D8Mit14 showed enhanced MSI compared with the other examined loci. MSI frequency in thymus was higher than in other organs. Interestingly, there was no significant difference observed between the metastatic and non-metastatic livers. The MSI frequency (4.6%, 23/(42×12)) in the MNU-treated thymus that had never developed tumor was significantly higher than this in the thymus that had developed lymphoma (0.5%, 4/(42×19)) (p<0.0001). These results indicate that, although thymic tumorigenesis is associated with MSI, it occurs with higher frequency in these that have not developed tumors upon the MNU-treatment. Our study provides additional insights into the relationship between MSI occurrence and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Huo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuangyue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenkun Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Changlong Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Du X, Cui J, Wang C, Huo X, Lu J, Li Y, Chen Z. Detected microsatellite polymorphisms in genetically altered inbred mouse strains. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 288:309-16. [PMID: 23700121 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellites are 50-200 repetitive DNA sequences composed of 1- to 6-base-pair-long reiterative motifs within the genome. They are vulnerable to DNA modifications, such as recombination and/or integration, and are recognized as "sentinel" DNA. Our previous report indicated that the genotypes of the microsatellite loci could change from mono- to poly-morphisms (CMP) in gene knockout (KO) mice, implying that genetic modification induces microsatellite mutation. However, it is still unclear whether the random insertion of DNA fragments into mice genomes produced via transgene (Tg) or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) would also result in microsatellite mutations or microsatellite loci genotypes changes. This study was designed to find possible clues to answer this question. In brief, 198 microsatellite loci that were distributed among almost all of the chromosomes (except for the Y) were examined through polymerase chain reaction to screen possible CMPs in six Tg strains. First, for each strain, the microsatellite sequences of all loci were compared between Tg and the corresponding background strain to exclude genetic interference. Simultaneously, to exclude spontaneous mutation-related CMPs that might exist in the examined six strains, mice from five spontaneously mutated inbred strains were used as the negative controls. Additionally, the sequences of all loci in these spontaneous mutated mice were compared to corresponding genetic background controls. The results showed that 40 of the 198 (20.2%) loci were identified as having CMPs in the examined Tg mice strains. The CMP genotypes were either homozygous or heterozygous compared to the background controls. Next, we applied the 40 CMP positive loci in ENU-mutated mice and their corresponding background controls. After that, a general comparison of CMPs that exist among Tg, ENU-treated and KO mouse strains was performed. The results indicated that four (D11mit258, D13mit3, D14mit102 and DXmit172) of the 40 (10%) CMP loci were shared by Tg and KO mice, two (D15mit5 and D14mit102) (5%) by Tg and ENU-treated mice, and one (D14mit102) (2.5%) by all three genetic modifications. Collectively, our study implies that genetic modifications by KO, Tg or chemical mutant can trigger microsatellite CMPs in inbred mouse strains. These shared microsatellite loci could be regarded as "hot spots" of microsatellite mutation for genetic monitoring in genetic modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Du
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
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Joukhadar R, Jighly A. Microsatellites grant more stable flanking genes. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:556. [PMID: 23035963 PMCID: PMC3515467 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are DNA sequences that include tandem copies of specific sequences no longer than six bases. SSRs are ubiquitous in all genomes and highly mutable. Presentation of the hypothesis Results from previous studies suggest that flanking regions of SSR are exhibit high stability in a wide range of organisms. We hypothesized that the SSRs ability to discard weak DNA polymerases could be responsible for this unusual stability. . When the weak polymerases are being decayed over SSRs, the flanking sequences would have higher opportunity to be replicated by more stable DNA polymerases. We present evidence of the molecular basis of our hypothesis. Testing the hypothesis The hypothesis could be tested by examining the activity of DNA polymerase during and after a number of PCRs. The PCR reactions should be run with the same SSR locus possessing differences in the SSR length. The hypothesis could also be tested by comparing the mutational rate of a transferred gene between two transformations. The first one has a naked T-DNA (transferred DNA), while the second one has the same T-DNA flanked with two SSRs. Implications of the hypothesis In any transformation experiment, flanking the T-DNA fragment with SSR sequences would result in more stably transferred genes. This process would decrease the unpredictable risks that may occur because of the mutational pressure on this foreign segment.
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Du Q, Wang B, Wei Z, Zhang D, Li B. Genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese White poplar (Populus tomentosa) revealed by SSR markers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 103:853-62. [PMID: 23008443 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of allelic diversity and population structure is important in developing association studies and constructing core collections for tree breeding. We examined population genetic differentiation in the native Populus tomentosa by genotyping 460 unrelated individuals using 20 species-specific microsatellite markers. We identified 99 alleles with a mean of 4.95 observed alleles per locus, indicating a moderate level of polymorphism across all individuals. A model-based population structure analysis divided P. tomentosa into 11 subpopulations (K = 11). The pattern of individual assignments into the subsets (K = 3) provided reasonable evidence for treating climatic zones as genetic regions for population genetics. The highest level of genetic variation was found in the southern region (i.e., N = 93, N (P) = 11, H (E) = 0.445, F = -0.102), followed by the northeastern and northwestern regions. Thus, the southern region is probably the center of the current species distribution. No correlation was found between population genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.0855, P = 0.3140), indicating that geographical distance was not the principal factor influencing genetic differentiation in P. tomentosa. These data provide a starting point for conserving valuable natural resources and optimizing breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, Peoples' Republic of China
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Li A, Sun Z, Zeng L, Li R, Kong D, Zhao Y, Bai J, Zhao S, Shang S, Shi Y. Microsatellite variation in two subspecies of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Am J Primatol 2012; 74:561-8. [PMID: 22539270 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the genetic variability of two subspecies of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis and M. f. aurea) using microsatellite markers, 26 microsatellite markers were selected from previous reports. Seventeen markers showed high polymorphism in a subset of monkeys and were used for the assessment of genetic diversity in the larger sample. The effective number of alleles, the polymorphism information content (PIC) and the expected heterozygosity of M. f. aurea monkeys were all statistically significantly higher than those of M. f. fascicularis monkeys (P < 0.05), suggesting the M. f. aurea monkeys had a higher degree of genetic variation than the M. f. fascicularis monkeys. Substantial differences in allele distribution were also detected between the two subspecies of cynomolgus monkeys. Private alleles restricted to the M. f. fascicularis or the M. f. aurea monkeys were found throughout the selected 17 loci. These private alleles may allow the discrimination of the two subspecies of cynomolgus monkeys. The selected markers could also be used to estimate the genetic variation for other subspecies of cynomolgus monkeys. Further work using additional animals obtained from native or independent sources will be important for a more complete understanding of the genetic differences between these two subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixue Li
- Laboratory Animal Center of the Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
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