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Wang J, Tao W, Kocher TD, Wang D. Sex chromosome turnover and biodiversity in fishes. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00222-4. [PMID: 39233051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The impact of sex chromosomes and their turnover in speciation remains a subject of ongoing debate in the field of evolutionary biology. Fishes are the largest group of vertebrates, and they exhibit unparalleled sexual plasticity, as well as diverse sex-determining (SD) genes, sex chromosomes, and sex determination mechanisms. This diversity is hypothesized to be associated with the frequent turnover of sex chromosomes in fishes. Although it is evident that amh and amhr2 are repeatedly and independently recruited as SD genes, their relationship with the rapid turnover of sex chromosomes and the biodiversity of fishes remains unknown. We summarize the canonical models of sex chromosome turnover and highlight the vital roles of gene mutation and hybridization with empirical evidence. We revisit Haldane's rule and the large X-effect and propose the hypothesis that sex chromosomes accelerate speciation by multiplying genotypes via hybridization. By integrating recent findings on the turnover of SD genes, sex chromosomes, and sex determination systems in fish species, this review provides insights into the relationship between sex chromosome evolution and biodiversity in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deshou Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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2
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Deon GA, Dos Santos RZ, Sassi FDMC, Moreira-Filho O, Vicari MR, Porto-Foresti F, Utsunomia R, Cioffi MDB. The role of satellite DNAs in the chromosomal rearrangements and the evolution of the rare XY1Y2 sex system in Harttia (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). J Hered 2024; 115:541-551. [PMID: 38757192 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The underlying processes behind the formation, evolution, and long-term maintenance of multiple sex chromosomes have been largely neglected. Among vertebrates, fishes represent the group with the highest diversity of multiple sex chromosome systems and, with six instances, the Neotropical fish genus Harttia stands out by presenting the most remarkable diversity. However, although the origin mechanism of their sex chromosome systems is well discussed, little is known about the importance of some repetitive DNA classes in the differentiation of multiple systems. In this work, by employing a combination of cytogenetic and genomic procedures, we evaluated the satellite DNA composition of H. carvalhoi with a focus on their role in the evolution, structure, and differentiation process of the rare XY1Y2 multiple-sex chromosome system. The genome of H. carvalhoi contains a total of 28 satellite DNA families, with the A + T content ranging between 38.1% and 68.1% and the predominant presence of long satellites. The in situ hybridization experiments detected 15 satellite DNAs with positive hybridization signals mainly on centromeric and pericentromeric regions of almost all chromosomes or clustered on a few pairs. Five of them presented clusters on X, Y1, and/or Y2 sex chromosomes which were therefore selected for comparative hybridization in the other three congeneric species. We found several conserved satellites accumulated on sex chromosomes and also in regions that were involved in chromosomal rearrangements. Our results provide a new contribution of satellitome studies in multiple sex chromosome systems in fishes and represent the first satellitome study for a Siluriformes species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geize Aparecida Deon
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Zeni Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Orlando Moreira-Filho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ricardo Vicari
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fábio Porto-Foresti
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Utsunomia
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Machado MDA, da Silva M, Feldberg E, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY. Chromosome Painting in Gymnotus carapo "Catalão" (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei): Dynamics of Chromosomal Rearrangements in Cryptic Species. Front Genet 2022; 13:832495. [PMID: 35401658 PMCID: PMC8992654 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.832495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Gymnotus is a large monophyletic group of freshwater weakly-electric fishes, with wide distribution in Central and South America. It has 46 valid species divided into six subgenera (Gymnotus, Tijax, Tigre, Lamontianus, Tigrinus and Pantherus) with large chromosome plasticity and diploid numbers (2n) ranging from 34 to 54. Within this rich diversity, there is controversy about whether Gymnotus (Gymnotus) carapo species is a single widespread species or a complex of cryptic species. Cytogenetic studies show different diploid numbers for G. carapo species, ranging from 40 to 54 chromosomes with varied karyotypes found even between populations sharing the same 2n. Whole chromosome painting has been used in studies on fish species and recently has been used for tracking the chromosomal evolution of Gymnotus and assisting in its cytotaxonomy. Comparative genomic mapping using chromosome painting has shown more complex rearrangements in Gymnotus carapo than shown in previous studies by classical cytogenetics. These studies demonstrate that multiple chromosome pairs are involved in its chromosomal reorganization, suggesting the presence of a complex of cryptic species due to a post zygotic barrier. In the present study, metaphase chromosomes of G. carapo occidentalis "catalão" (GCC, 2n = 40, 30m/sm+10st/a) from the Catalão Lake, Amazonas, Brazil, were hybridized with whole chromosome probes derived from the chromosomes of G. carapo (GCA, 2n = 42, 30m/sm+12st/a). The results reveal chromosome rearrangements and a high number of repetitive DNA sites. Of the 12 pairs of G. carapo chromosomes that could be individually identified (GCA 1-3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 18-21), 8 pairs (GCA 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 14, 20, 21) had homeology conserved in GCC. Of the GCA pairs that are grouped (GCA [4, 8], [5, 17], [10, 11] and [12, 13, 15]), most kept the number of signals in GCC (GCA [5, 17], [10, 11] and [12, 13, 15]). The remaining chromosomes are rearranged in the GCC karyotype. Analysis of both populations of the G. carapo cytotypes shows extensive karyotype reorganization. Along with previous studies, this suggests that the different cytotypes analyzed here may represent different species and supports the hypothesis that G. carapo is not a single widespread species, but a group of cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla de Andrade Machado
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Maelin da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Patricia Caroline Mary O'Brien
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Andrew Ferguson-Smith
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
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4
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Deon GA, Glugoski L, Sassi FDMC, Hatanaka T, Nogaroto V, Bertollo LAC, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi A, Moreira-Filho O, Cioffi MDB, Vicari MR. Chromosomal Rearrangements and Origin of the Multiple XX/XY 1Y 2 Sex Chromosome System in Harttia Species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Front Genet 2022; 13:877522. [PMID: 35386289 PMCID: PMC8977651 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.877522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical genus Harttia comprises species with extensive chromosomal remodeling and distinct sex chromosome systems (SCSs). So far, three different SCSs with male heterogamety have been characterized in the group. In some species, the presence of the XX/XY1Y2 SCS is associated with a decrease in diploid numbers and several chromosomal rearrangements, although a direct relation to sex chromosome differentiation has not been shown yet. Here, we aimed to investigate the differentiation processes that have led to the establishment of the rare XX/XY1Y2 SCS and track its evolutionary history among other Harttia species. For that, four whole chromosome painting probes derived from chromosome 1 of H. torrenticola (HTO-1), chromosomes 9 and X of H. carvalhoi (HCA-9 and HCA-X), and chromosome X from H. intermontana (HIN-X) were applied in nine Harttia species. Homeologous chromosome blocks were located in Harttia species and demonstrated that Robertsonian (Rb) fusions originated HTO-1, HCA-9, and HCA-X chromosomes, while Rb fissions explain Y1 and Y2 sex chromosomes. Specifically, in H. intermontana, HCA-X, HCA-9, and the NOR-bearing chromosome demonstrated that homeologous blocks were used in the HIN-X and metacentric pair 2 origins. Consequently, diploid numbers changed between the studied species. Overall, the data also reinforce the existence of unstable genomic sites promoting chromosomal differentiation and remodeling within the genus Harttia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geize Aparecida Deon
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Larissa Glugoski
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Terumi Hatanaka
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nogaroto
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Rikabi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Orlando Moreira-Filho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Ricardo Vicari
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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Highly Rearranged Karyotypes and Multiple Sex Chromosome Systems in Armored Catfishes from the Genus Harttia (Teleostei, Siluriformes). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111366. [PMID: 33218104 PMCID: PMC7698909 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harttia comprises an armored catfish genus endemic to the Neotropical region, including 27 valid species with low dispersion rates that are restricted to small distribution areas. Cytogenetics data point to a wide chromosomal diversity in this genus due to changes that occurred in isolated populations, with chromosomal fusions and fissions explaining the 2n number variation. In addition, different multiple sex chromosome systems and rDNA loci location are also found in some species. However, several Harttia species and populations remain to be investigated. In this study, Harttia intermontana and two still undescribed species, morphologically identified as Harttia sp. 1 and Harttia sp. 2, were cytogenetically analyzed. Harttia intermontana has 2n = 52 and 2n = 53 chromosomes, while Harttia sp. 1 has 2n = 56 and 2n = 57 chromosomes in females and males, respectively, thus highlighting the occurrence of an XX/XY1Y2 multiple sex chromosome system in both species. Harttia sp. 2 presents 2n = 62 chromosomes for both females and males, with fission events explaining its karyotype diversification. Chromosomal locations of the rDNA sites were also quite different among species, reinforcing that extensive rearrangements had occurred in their karyotype evolution. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments among some Harttia species evidenced a shared content of the XY1Y2 sex chromosomes in three of them, thus pointing towards their common origin. Therefore, the comparative analysis among all Harttia species cytogenetically studied thus far allowed us to provide an evolutionary scenario related to the speciation process of this fish group.
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Almeida LAH, Nunes LA, Bitencourt JA, Molina WF, Affonso PRAM. Chromosomal Evolution and Cytotaxonomy in Wrasses (Perciformes; Labridae). J Hered 2020; 108:239-253. [PMID: 28182237 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The wrasses (family Labridae) represent a suitable model to understand chromosomal evolution and to test the efficacy of cytotaxonomy since they display a remarkable karyotypic variation, rarely reported in marine Perciformes, as well as a high number of species and complex systematics. Therefore, we provided new chromosomal data in 5 labrids from South Atlantic (Doratonotus megalepis, Halichoeres dimidiatus, Halichoeres penrosei, Thalassoma noronhanum, and Xyrichtys novacula) and carried out a detailed comparative analysis of karyotypic data in Labridae using multivariate approaches. Basal diploid values (2n = 48) were observed in most of species studied in the present work but D. megalepis (2n = 46), along with distinct karyotype formulae. Single 18S rDNA sites interspersed with GC-rich heterochromatin were also commonly reported except for both Halichoeres species (2 18S rDNA-bearing pairs), following a species-specific pattern. These data show the high rates of chromosomal evolution in wrasses, ranging from microstructural rearrangements to centric fusions. A revision of chromosomal data in Labridae based on multivariate analysis of 74 taxa allowed inferring karyoevolutionary trends within tribes and genera of wrasses. The dendrogram obtained was in agreement with recent systematic hypotheses. In spite of the independent occurrence of some chromosomal rearrangements, karyoevolutionary trends could be identified within tribes of Labridae. Moreover, the karyotypic features are also suitable as cytotaxonomic markers of wrasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A H Almeida
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brazil (Almeida, Nunes, Bitencourt, and Affonso); and Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil (Molina)
| | - Lorena A Nunes
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brazil (Almeida, Nunes, Bitencourt, and Affonso); and Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil (Molina)
| | - Jamille A Bitencourt
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brazil (Almeida, Nunes, Bitencourt, and Affonso); and Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil (Molina)
| | - Wagner F Molina
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brazil (Almeida, Nunes, Bitencourt, and Affonso); and Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil (Molina)
| | - Paulo R A M Affonso
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brazil (Almeida, Nunes, Bitencourt, and Affonso); and Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil (Molina)
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7
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Xu D, Sember A, Zhu Q, Oliveira EAD, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi ABH, Xiao Z, Song H, Cioffi MDB. Deciphering the Origin and Evolution of the X 1X 2Y System in Two Closely-Related Oplegnathus Species (Oplegnathidae and Centrarchiformes). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3571. [PMID: 31336568 PMCID: PMC6678977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oplegnathus fasciatus and O. punctatus (Teleostei: Centrarchiformes: Oplegnathidae), are commercially important rocky reef fishes, endemic to East Asia. Both species present an X1X2Y sex chromosome system. Here, we investigated the evolutionary forces behind the origin and differentiation of these sex chromosomes, with the aim to elucidate whether they had a single or convergent origin. To achieve this, conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols, involving the mapping of repetitive DNA markers, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and whole chromosome painting (WCP) were applied. Both species presented similar 2n, karyotype structure and hybridization patterns of repetitive DNA classes. 5S rDNA loci, besides being placed on the autosomal pair 22, resided in the terminal region of the long arms of both X1 chromosomes in females, and on the X1 and Y chromosomes in males. Furthermore, WCP experiments with a probe derived from the Y chromosome of O. fasciatus (OFAS-Y) entirely painted the X1 and X2 chromosomes in females and the X1, X2, and Y chromosomes in males of both species. CGH failed to reveal any sign of sequence differentiation on the Y chromosome in both species, thereby suggesting the shared early stage of neo-Y chromosome differentiation. Altogether, the present findings confirmed the origin of the X1X2Y sex chromosomes via Y-autosome centric fusion and strongly suggested their common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316100, China
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Alexandr Sember
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Qihui Zhu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Ezequiel Aguiar de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos SP 13565-905, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso-SEDUC-MT, Cuiabá MT 78049-909, Brazil
| | - Thomas Liehr
- University Clinic Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Zhizhong Xiao
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316100, China
- College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos SP 13565-905, Brazil.
- University Clinic Jena, Institute of Human Genetics, 07747 Jena, Germany.
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da Silva M, Matoso DA, Artoni RF, Feldberg E. Karyotypic Diversity and Evolutionary Trends in Neotropical Electric Fish of the Genus Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae). Zebrafish 2019; 16:308-320. [PMID: 31045488 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric fish of the order Gymnotiformes are endemic to the Neotropical region, and their highest diversity is observed in the Amazon region. The family Gymnotidae, which consists of the genera Electrophorus and Gymnotus, is a natural group and is located at the base of the phylogeny of the order. Gymnotus is a widely distributed and specious genus with high karyotypic diversity, especially concerning to the diploid number and the locations of repetitive sequences. Our karyotyping results in five species of the family Gymnotidae (Gymnotus ucamara, Gymnotus cf. stenoleucus, Gymnotus cf. pedanopterus, Gymnotus mamiraua, and Gymnotus carapo "Maranhão") corroborate the proposal of plasticity of the diploid number in this group. Moreover, in this study, we propose that the 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences were species-specific markers that act as a potential biogeographical marker for the genus. Besides, the sequence's location, particularly in G. mamiraua from Central Amazon, shows a close relationship with 5S of the Gymnotus species, with 54 chromosomes, from the Paraná-Paraguay basin in the Center-South of Brazil. Considering that the ancestral diploid number for Gymnotidae is 52 chromosomes, we also suggest that the trend in the family is toward a decrease in the chromosome number. However, the carapo clade stands out in this regard, with an increase and a decrease in chromosome number; this pattern may be reinforced with the ecologic behaviors and the geodispersal patterns of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelin da Silva
- 1 Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Daniele Aparecida Matoso
- 2 Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- 1 Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- 3 Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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9
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Machado MDA, Pieczarka JC, Silva FHR, O'Brien PCM, Ferguson-Smith MA, Nagamachi CY. Extensive Karyotype Reorganization in the Fish Gymnotus arapaima (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) Highlighted by Zoo-FISH Analysis. Front Genet 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29434621 PMCID: PMC5790778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes) contains over 40 species of freshwater electric fishes exhibiting a wide distribution throughout Central and South America, and being particularly prevalent in the Amazon basin. Cytogenetics has been an important tool in the cytotaxonomy and elucidation of evolutionary processes in this genus, including the unraveling the variety of diploid chromosome number (2n = from 34 to 54), the high karyotype diversity among species with a shared diploid number, different sex chromosome systems, and variation in the distribution of several Repetitive DNAs and colocation and association between those sequences. Recently whole chromosome painting (WCP) has been used for tracking the chromosomal evolution of the genus, showing highly reorganized karyotypes and the conserved synteny of the NOR bearing par within the clade G. carapo. In this study, painting probes derived from the chromosomes of G. carapo (GCA, 2n = 42, 30 m/sm + 12 st/a) were hybridized to the mitotic metaphases of G. arapaima (GAR, 2n = 44, 24 m/sm + 20 st/a). Our results uncovered chromosomal rearrangements and a high number of repetitive DNA regions. From the 12 chromosome pairs of G. carapo that can be individually differentiated (GCA1-3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, and 18-21), six pairs (GCA 1, 9, 14, 18, 20, 21) show conserved homology with GAR, five pairs (GCA 1, 9, 14, 20, 21) are also shared with cryptic species G. carapo 2n = 40 (34 m/sm + 6 st/a) and only the NOR bearing pair (GCA 20) is shared with G. capanema (GCP 2n = 34, 20 m/sm + 14 st/a). The remaining chromosomes are reorganized in the karyotype of GAR. Despite the close phylogenetic relationships of these species, our chromosome painting studies demonstrate an extensive reorganization of their karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla de Andrade Machado
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Julio C Pieczarka
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Fernando H R Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Patricia C M O'Brien
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm A Ferguson-Smith
- Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cleusa Y Nagamachi
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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10
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Araya-Jaime C, Mateussi NTB, Utsunomia R, Costa-Silva GJ, Oliveira C, Foresti F. ZZ/Z0: The New System of Sex Chromosomes in Eigenmannia aff. trilineata (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Sternopygidae) Characterized by Molecular Cytogenetics and DNA Barcoding. Zebrafish 2017; 14:464-470. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Araya-Jaime
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadayca T. Bonani Mateussi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Utsunomia
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme J. Costa-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Bioscience, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Batista JA, Cardoso AL, Milhomem-Paixão SSR, Ready JS, Pieczarka JC, Nagamachi CY. The Karyotype of Microsternarchus aff. bilineatus: A First Case of Y Chromosome Degeneration in Gymnotiformes. Zebrafish 2017; 14:244-250. [PMID: 28437173 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various species and lineages that until recently were identified as Microsternarchus bilineatus (Hypopomidae, Gymnotiformes) have a widespread distribution in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins and across the Guiana shield. Recent molecular studies show five distinct lineages for Microsternarchus from different localities. These results suggest that this previously monotypic genus actually consists of more than one species. Here, we describe the karyotype of M. aff. bilineatus from the Cururutuia River (Bragança, Pará, Brazil). The diploid number of 48 chromosomes (14 meta-submetacentric/34 subtelo-acrocentric) is found for males and females, with an XX/XY sex chromosome system. The nucleolar organizer region is found in the short arm of pair 9. Constitutive heterochromatin occurs in the pericentromeric region of all chromosomes, in the distal region of 3p, 5p, 7p, 8q, 9q, 16q, and Xq, in the interstitial region in 2p, 10q, 11q, and 12q and all along 4p, and in a large block of the Y chromosome. These results indicate extensive karyotype divergence between this population and samples from Igarapé Tarumã Grande (Negro River, Amazonas, Brazil) studied by other researchers. Moreover, despite the diversity of sex chromosome systems found in Gymnotiformes, the XX/XY sex chromosome system of M. aff. bilineatus is the first case of Y chromosome degeneration in this order. The present data are valuable to help understand karyotype evolution in Hypopomidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Almeida Batista
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética , Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adauto Lima Cardoso
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética , Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- 3 Laboratório de Ictiologia Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará , Belém, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Pieczarka
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética , Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Cleusa Yoshiko Nagamachi
- 1 Laboratório de Citogenética , Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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12
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Bitencourt JA, Sampaio I, Ramos RT, Vicari MR, Affonso PRADM. First Report of Sex Chromosomes in Achiridae (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes) with Inferences About the Origin of the Multiple X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y System and Dispersal of Ribosomal Genes inAchirus achirus. Zebrafish 2017; 14:90-95. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Institute of Coastal Studies, Federal University of Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Robson T.C. Ramos
- Department of Systematics and Ecology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ricardo Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Structural and Molecular Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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13
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Ferraris Jr CJ, de Santana CD, Vari RP. Checklist of Gymnotiformes (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi) and catalogue of primary types. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20160067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A list of all valid names of species of Neotropical electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) is presented herein. The list is arranged by family and genus and includes all available synonyms. The list is comprehensive through 2016 and includes 240 valid species distributed among 34 genera and five families, including one monotypic genus known only from the fossil record. The presented classification reflects recently published interpretations about the validity of the included names which, in general, are widely accepted. When the validity of a particular name is disputed in recent literature, we followed one of the published interpretations and provide relevant information on the alternate interpretation(s) in the remarks section of that name. Synonymies of some names need to be considered tentative, inasmuch as the types underlying those names are either absent or appear to be based on more than one taxon. First reviser actions (e.g., lectotype and neotype designations, resolution of simultaneous synonyms, etc.) are reported and include erroneous subsequent attempts at problem resolutions. Herein, we include one new first reviser action by selecting Gymnotus aequilabiatus Humboldt, 1805, as type species of Sternopygus because previous attempts to select a type did not follow the provisions of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
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da Silva M, Barbosa P, Artoni RF, Feldberg E. Evolutionary Dynamics of 5S rDNA and Recurrent Association of Transposable Elements in Electric Fish of the Family Gymnotidae (Gymnotiformes): The Case of Gymnotus mamiraua. Cytogenet Genome Res 2016; 149:297-303. [PMID: 27750255 DOI: 10.1159/000449431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnotidae is a family of electric fish endemic to the Neotropics consisting of 2 genera: Electrophorus and Gymnotus. The genus Gymnotus is widely distributed and is found in all of the major Brazilian river systems. Physical and molecular mapping data for the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in this genus are still scarce, with its chromosomal location known in only 11 species. As other species of Gymnotus with 2n = 54 chromosomes from the Paraná-Paraguay basin, G. mamiraua was found to have a large number of 5S rDNA sites. Isolation and cloning of the 5S rDNA sequences from G. mamiraua identified a fragment of a transposable element similar to the Tc1/mariner transposon associated with a non-transcribed spacer. Double fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of this element and the 5S rDNA showed that they were colocalized on several chromosomes, in addition to acting as nonsyntenic markers on others. Our data show the association between these sequences and suggest that the Tc1 retrotransposon may be the agent that drives the spread of these 5S rDNA-like sequences in the G. mamiraua genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelin da Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Genética, Conservação e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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15
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Ferreira M, Garcia C, Matoso DA, de Jesus IS, Feldberg E. A new multiple sex chromosome system X1X1X2X2/X1Y1X2Y2 in Siluriformes: cytogenetic characterization of Bunocephalus coracoideus (Aspredinidae). Genetica 2016; 144:591-599. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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