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Lu F, Ren Y, Ding L, Lu J, Zhou X, Liu H, Wang N, Cai M. Minos and Restless transposon insertion mutagenesis of psychrotrophic fungus for red pigment synthesis adaptive to normal temperature. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:118. [PMID: 38647871 PMCID: PMC10992017 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The polar psychrotrophic fungus Geomyces sp. WNF-15A can produce high-quality natural red pigment for the potential use as edible pigment. However, it shows low-temperature-dependent synthesis of red pigment, which limits its large-scale industrial applications due to the difficult and high-cost bioprocess control. This study aims to develop transposon-mediated mutagenesis methods to generate mutants that are able to synthesize red pigment at normal temperature. Four transposable systems, including single and dual transposable systems, were established in this fungus based on the Minos from Drosophila hydei and the Restless from Tolypocladium inflatum. A total of 23 production-dominant mutants and 12 growth-dominant mutants were thus obtained by constructed transposable systems. At 14 °C and 20 °C, the MPS1 mutant strain achieved the highest level of red pigment (OD520 of 43.3 and 29.7, respectively), which was increased by 78.4% and 128.7% compared to the wild-type, respectively. Of note, 4 mutants (MPS1, MPS3, MPS4 and MPD1) successfully synthesized red pigment (OD520 of 5.0, 5.3, 4.7 and 4.9, respectively) at 25 °C, which broke the limit of the wild-type production under normal temperature. Generally, the dual transposable systems of Minos and Restless were more efficient than their single transposable systems for mutagenesis in this fungus. However, the positive mutation ratios were similar between the dual and single transposable systems for either Minos or Restless. This study provides alternative tools for genetic mutagenesis breeding of fungi from extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengning Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanna Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lulu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangshan Zhou
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Unit 601, Building No. 2, YESUN Intelligent Community III, Guanlan Street, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- China Resources Angde Biotech Pharma Co., Ltd, 78 E-Jiao Street, Liaocheng, 252201, Shandong, China
| | - Nengfei Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Menghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Liu L, Wang Z. Azaphilone alkaloids: prospective source of natural food pigments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:469-484. [PMID: 34921328 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Azaphilone, biosynthesized by polyketide synthase, is a class of fungal metabolites. In this review, after brief introduction of the natural azaphilone diversity, we in detail discussed azaphilic addition reaction involving conversion of natural azaphilone into the corresponding azaphilone alkaloid. Then, setting red Monascus pigments (a traditional food colorant in China) as example, we presented a new strategy, i.e., interfacing azaphilic addition reaction with living microbial metabolism in a one-pot process, to produce azaphilone alkaloid with a specified amine residue (red Monascus pigments) during submerged culture. Benefit from the red Monascus pigments with a specified amine residue, the influence of primary amine on characteristics of the food colorant was highlighted. Finally, the progress for screening of alternative azaphilone alkaloids (production from interfacing azaphilic addition reaction with submerged culture of Talaromyces sp. or Penicillium sp.) as natural food colorant was reviewed. KEY POINTS: • Azaphilic addition reaction of natural azaphilone is biocompatible • Red Monascus pigment is a classic example of azaphilone alkaloids • Azaphilone alkaloids are alterative natural food colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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