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Liu Z, Liu FF, Li H, Zhang WT, Wang Q, Zhang BX, Sun YX, Rao XJ. Virulence of the Bio-Control Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum Against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:462-473. [PMID: 35089348 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eco-friendly entomopathogenic fungi are widely used to control agricultural insect pests. Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) Luangsa-ard et al. (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) is a nematophagous fungus used for the bio-control of destructive root-knot nematodes. However, its insecticidal activities against agricultural insect pests haven't been widely studied. In this study, P. lilacinum PL-1 was isolated from soil (Hefei, China) and identified by molecular and morphological analyses. The growth rate, spore production, proteinase, and chitinase activities of the isolate were analyzed. Virulence tests against green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were performed. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal time (LT50) against aphids (via immersion) and LT50 against FAW (via injection) were determined. FAW eggs immersed in aqueous conidia suspension were infected after 60 h. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the infection of FAW larvae by P. lilacinum were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The significantly upregulated DEGs include FAW immune genes (antimicrobial peptides, C-type lectins, lysozymes, prophenoloxidase, and peptidoglycan recognition proteins) and fungal pathogenic genes (ligase, chitinase, and hydrophobin). Our data demonstrate that P. lilacinum can be used as an entomopathogenic fungus against agricultural insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Bang-Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Department of science and technology, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Rao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
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Aguilera-Sammaritano J, Caballero J, Deymié M, Rosa M, Vazquez F, Pappano D, Lechner B, González-Teuber M. Dual effects of entomopathogenic fungi on control of the pest Lobesia botrana and the pathogenic fungus Eutypella microtheca on grapevine. Biol Res 2021; 54:44. [PMID: 34952648 PMCID: PMC8709985 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the natural enemies of insect pests. Nevertheless, research on the use of EPF for simultaneous prevention of pest and disease agents on the same crop is limited. In this study, we explored the potential dual effects of three strains of the EPF Metarhizium anisopliae on the control of detrimental agents of Vitis vinifera L., including different developmental stages (larvae, pupae, and adult) of the insect pest Lobesia botrana and the phytopathogenic fungus Eutypella microtheca. Methods Laboratory pathogenicity trials were performed to examine the effects of the three M. anisopliae strains on the mortality rate of L. botrana. In addition, field trials were conducted to assess the biocontrol potential of one selected M. anisopliae strain on the larval stage of L. botrana. Moreover, inhibitory effects of the three EPF strains on E. microtheca growth were examined in vitro. Results All the M. anisopliae strains were highly effective, killing all stages of L. botrana as well as inhibiting the growth of E. microtheca. The in vitro mortality of larvae treated with the strains was over 75%, whereas that of treated pupae and adults was over 85%. The three EPF strains showed similar efficacy against larvae and adult stages; nevertheless, pupal mortality was observed to be strain dependent. Mortality of L. botrana larvae ranged from 64 to 91% at field conditions. Inhibition of E. microtheca growth reached 50% in comparison to the control. Conclusions Our study showed that M. anisopliae strains were highly effective in ensuring control of two different detrimental agents of V. vinifera L., providing new evidence to support the dual effects of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aguilera-Sammaritano
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Juan Caballero
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - María Deymié
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Melisa Rosa
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Fabio Vazquez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Delia Pappano
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Bernardo Lechner
- Instituto de Micología y Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcia González-Teuber
- Departamento de Química Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Clifton EH, Jaronski ST, Hajek AE. Virulence of Commercialized Fungal Entomopathogens Against Asian Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:1. [PMID: 32112650 PMCID: PMC7049258 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nine strains of five species of entomopathogenic hypocrealean fungi were tested against adults of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). These strains have been developed as commercial biopesticide products in the United States, Brazil, South Korea, or the European Union (EU). Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) ESALQ E-9 and Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) F52 (formerly M. anisopliae F52) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) killed 100% of treated beetles with the shortest survival times. Virulence differed among the five strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) tested, ranging from 0 to 77.3% mortality within 28 d. Two Isaria fumosorosea (Wize, 1904) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (formerly Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strains and the Lecanicillium muscarium (Petch) Zare & Gams (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain used in Mycotal were not pathogenic to A. glabripennis adults. Within the entomopathogenic fungi tested, the Metarhizium strains may be the most appropriate for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Clifton
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Stefan T Jaronski
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT
| | - Ann E Hajek
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Lee SJ, Yang YT, Kim S, Lee MR, Kim JC, Park SE, Hossain MS, Shin TY, Nai YS, Kim JS. Transcriptional response of bean bug (Riptortus pedestris) upon infection with entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana JEF-007. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:333-345. [PMID: 29888850 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana has been used as a biocontrol agent for insect pests, but its effect at the molecular level on the hosts has not been studied in detail. Herein, we performed transcriptome analysis of bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) in response to infection with a highly virulent strain of B. bassiana JEF-007 (Bb JEF-007). RESULTS Based on RNA-seq data from R. pedestris infected with Bb JEF-007 compared with non-infected bean bugs, infection was assumed to strongly activate (i) the energy production pathway by expressing dehydrogenases, (ii) metabolic pathways by expressing secreted proteins, GTPase, MBF2 transcription factor family, pigment-dispersing factor, antioxidants, and cuticle proteins, and (iii) the immune response pathway by expressing serine-threonine kinase in Toll pathway of bean bug. CONCLUSION We have established the platform for functional studies of the genes required for an immune response against entomopathogenic fungi like B. bassiana in the bean bug, R. pedestris. Moreover, this study also paves the way for genetic modification of B. bassiana to combat with the defense mechanism of R. pedestris. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yi-Ting Yang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sihyeon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Mi Rong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - So Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Muktadir S Hossain
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yu-Shin Nai
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Jae Su Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Plant Medical Research Center, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jenoju, South Korea
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Evaluation of the Biocontrol Potential of Purpureocillium lilacinum QLP12 against Verticillium dahliae in Eggplant. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4101357. [PMID: 28303252 PMCID: PMC5337802 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fungus with broad spectrum antifungal activity was isolated from the soil in Qinling Mountain, Shaanxi Province, in China. The fungus was identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum based on ITS rDNA gene analysis. The strain, coded as QLP12, showed high inhibition activity on fungal mycelium growth in vitro, especially to Mucor piriformis, Trichothecium roseum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Verticillium dahliae, and its potential for biocontrol efficacy of eggplant. Verticillium wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae among 10 fungal species tested was explored. In greenhouse experiments, QLP12 showed an excellent growth-promoting effect on eggplant seed germination (76.7%), bud growth (79.4%), chlorophyll content (47.83%), root activity (182.02%), and so on. QLP12 can colonize the eggplant interior and also develop in rhizosphere soil. In greenhouse, the incidence of Verticillium wilt decreased by 83.82% with pretreated QLP12 fermentation broth in the soil. In the field, QLP12 showed prominent biocontrol effects on Verticillium wilt by reducing the disease index over the whole growth period, a decline of 40.1%. This study showed that the strain QLP12 is not only an effective biocontrol agent for controlling Verticillium wilt of eggplant, but also a plant growth-promoting fungus that deserves to be further developed.
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Characterization of Metarhizium viride Mycosis in Veiled Chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus), Panther Chameleons (Furcifer pardalis), and Inland Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps). J Clin Microbiol 2016; 55:832-843. [PMID: 28003420 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02206-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metarhizium viride has been associated with fatal systemic mycoses in chameleons, but subsequent data on mycoses caused by this fungus in reptiles are lacking. The aim of this investigation was therefore to obtain information on the presence of M. viride in reptiles kept as pets in captivity and its association with clinical signs and pathological findings as well as improvement of diagnostic procedures. Beside 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (small subunit [SSU]) and internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1), a fragment of the large subunit (LSU) of 28S rDNA, including domain 1 (D1) and D2, was sequenced for the identification of the fungus and phylogenetic analysis. Cultural isolation and histopathological examinations as well as the pattern of antifungal drug resistance, determined by using agar diffusion testing, were additionally used for comparison of the isolates. In total, 20 isolates from eight inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), six veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus), and six panther chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) were examined. Most of the lizards suffered from fungal glossitis, stomatitis, and pharyngitis or died due to visceral mycosis. Treatment with different antifungal drugs according to resistance patterns in all three different lizard species was unsuccessful. Sequence analysis resulted in four different genotypes of M. viride based on differences in the LSU fragment, whereas the SSU and ITS-1 were identical in all isolates. Sequence analysis of the SSU fragment revealed the first presentation of a valid large fragment of the SSU of M. viride According to statistical analysis, genotypes did not correlate with differences in pathogenicity, antifungal susceptibility, or species specificity.
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Reddy GVP, Antwi FB. Toxicity of natural insecticides on the larvae of wheat head armyworm, Dargida diffusa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 42:156-162. [PMID: 26855414 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The wheat head armyworm, Dargida (previously Faronta) diffusa (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is widely distributed in North American grasslands and is most common on the Great Plains, where it is often a serious pest of corn and cereal crops. Six commercially available botanical or microbial insecticides used against D. diffusa were tested in the laboratory: Entrust(®) WP (spinosad 80%), Mycotrol(®) ESO (Beauveria bassiana GHA), Aza-Direct(®) (azadirachtin), Met52(®) EC (Metarhizium brunneum F52), Xpectro(®) OD (Beauveria bassiana GHA+pyrethrins), and Xpulse(®) OD (Beauveria bassiana GHA+azadirachtin). Concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 fold the lowest labelled rates of formulated products were tested for all products, while for Entrust WP additional concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 fold the label rates were also assessed. Survival rates were determined from larval mortality at 1-9 days post treatment application. We found that among the tested chemicals, Entrust(®) (spinosad) was the most effective, causing 83-100% mortality (0-17% survival rate) at day 3 across all concentrations. The others, in order of efficacy from most to least, were Xpectro(®) (B. bassiana GHA+pyrethrins), Xpulse(®)OD (B. bassiana GHA+azadirachtin), Aza-Direct(®) (azadirachtin), Met52(®) EC (M. brunneum F52), and Mycotrol(®) ESO (B. bassiana GHA). These products and entomopathogenic fungi caused 70-100% mortality (0-30% survivability) from days 7 to 9. The tested products and entomopathogenic fungi can be used in management of D. diffusa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi V P Reddy
- Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., P.O. Box 656, Conrad, MT 59425, USA.
| | - Frank B Antwi
- Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, 9546 Old Shelby Rd., P.O. Box 656, Conrad, MT 59425, USA.
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Prasad P, Varshney D, Adholeya A. Whole genome annotation and comparative genomic analyses of bio-control fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1004. [PMID: 26607873 PMCID: PMC4658809 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum is widely known as a biological control agent against plant parasitic nematodes. This research article consists of genomic annotation of the first draft of whole genome sequence of P. lilacinum. The study aims to decipher the putative genetic components of the fungus involved in nematode pathogenesis by performing comparative genomic analysis with nine closely related fungal species in Hypocreales. Results de novo genomic assembly was done and a total of 301 scaffolds were constructed for P. lilacinum genomic DNA. By employing structural genome prediction models, 13, 266 genes coding for proteins were predicted in the genome. Approximately 73 % of the predicted genes were functionally annotated using Blastp, InterProScan and Gene Ontology. A 14.7 % fraction of the predicted genes shared significant homology with genes in the Pathogen Host Interactions (PHI) database. The phylogenomic analysis carried out using maximum likelihood RAxML algorithm provided insight into the evolutionary relationship of P. lilacinum. In congruence with other closely related species in the Hypocreales namely, Metarhizium spp., Pochonia chlamydosporia, Cordyceps militaris, Trichoderma reesei and Fusarium spp., P. lilacinum has large gene sets coding for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), proteases, glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate esterases that are required for degradation of nematode-egg shell components. Screening of the genome by Antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell (AntiSMASH) pipeline indicated that the genome potentially codes for a variety of secondary metabolites, possibly required for adaptation to heterogeneous lifestyles reported for P. lilacinum. Significant up-regulation of subtilisin-like serine protease genes in presence of nematode eggs in quantitative real-time analyses suggested potential role of serine proteases in nematode pathogenesis. Conclusions The data offer a better understanding of Purpureocillium lilacinum genome and will enhance our understanding on the molecular mechanism involved in nematophagy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2229-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushplata Prasad
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gual Pahari,Faridabad Road, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
| | - Deepti Varshney
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gual Pahari,Faridabad Road, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
| | - Alok Adholeya
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, TERI Gram, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gual Pahari,Faridabad Road, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122 001, India.
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