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Wu ZF, Wang BJ, Ni JW, Sun ZN, Zhang XR, Xiong HM. Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Critically Controlled Surface States: Make Silk Shine via Feeding Silkworms. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:9675-9682. [PMID: 39058271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Feeding silkworms with functional materials as additives to produce naturally modified silk is a facile, diverse, controllable, and environmentally friendly method with a low cost of time and investment. Among various additives, carbon dots (CDs) show unique advantages due to their excellent biocompatibility and fluorescence stability. Here, a new type of green fluorescent carbon dots (G-CDs) is synthesized with a high oil-water partition ratio of 147, a low isoelectric point of 5.16, an absolute quantum yield of 71%, and critically controlled surface states. After feeding with G-CDs, the silkworms weave light yellow cocoons whose green fluorescence is visible to the naked eye under UV light. The luminous silk is sewn onto the cloth to create striking patterns with beautiful fluorescence. Such G-CDs have no adverse effect on the survival rate and the life cycle of silkworms and enable their whole bodies to glow under UV light. Based on the strong fluorescence, chemical stability, and biological safety, G-CDs are found in the digestive tracts, silk glands, feces, cocoons, and even moth bodies. G-CDs accumulate in the posterior silk glands where fibroin protein is secreted, indicating its stronger combination with fibroin than sericin, which meets the requirements for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Juan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Nan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Ming Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular and Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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Kaolaor A, Kiti K, Pankongadisak P, Suwantong O. Camellia Oleifera oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles embedded in hydrogels as cosmeceutical products with improved biological properties and sustained drug release. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133560. [PMID: 38955294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol), silk sericin, and gelatin containing Camellia oleifera oil (CO)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were fabricated. The loading of CO into CSNPs was achieved by a two-step procedure, which included an oil-in-water emulsion and an ionic gelation method. SEM images of CO-loaded CSNPs illustrated the spherical shape with aggregation of the nanoparticles. The particle size and polydispersity index were 541-1089 nm and 0.39-0.65, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 3-16 % and 4-6 %, respectively. The gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol)/sericin hydrogels were fabricated and incorporated with CO or CO-loaded CSNPs with different concentrations of CO-loaded CSNPs. All hydrogels demonstrated a porous structure. Besides, the hydrogels containing CO-loaded CSNPs showed a more controlled and sustained release profile than the hydrogels containing CO. Moreover, the hydrogels showed tyrosinase inhibition (9-13 %) and antioxidant activity (37-60 %). Finally, the hydrogels containing CO-loaded CSNPs were non-toxic to the Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts and NCTC clone 929 cells, even at a high dosage of 50 mg/mL. As a result, these hydrogels exhibited excellent potential for use in cosmeceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Kaolaor
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Kitipong Kiti
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | | | - Orawan Suwantong
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; Center for Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS), Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
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Muhammad R, Lee SH, Htun KT, Nettey-Oppong EE, Ali A, Jeong HW, Seok YS, Kim SW, Choi SH. Customized Integrating-Sphere System for Absolute Color Measurement of Silk Cocoon with Corrugated Microstructure. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9778. [PMID: 38139624 PMCID: PMC10748175 DOI: 10.3390/s23249778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Silk fiber, recognized as a versatile bioresource, holds wide-ranging significance in agriculture and the textile industry. During the breeding of silkworms to yield new varieties, optical sensing techniques have been employed to distinguish the colors of silk cocoons, aiming to assess their improved suitability across diverse industries. Despite visual comparison retaining its primary role in differentiating colors among a range of silk fibers, the presence of uneven surface texture leads to color distortion and inconsistent color perception at varying viewing angles. As a result, these distorted and inconsistent visual assessments contribute to unnecessary fiber wastage within the textile industry. To solve these issues, we have devised an optical system employing an integrating sphere to deliver consistent and uniform illumination from all orientations. Utilizing a ColorChecker, we calibrated the RGB values of silk cocoon images taken within the integrating sphere setup. This process accurately extracts the authentic RGB values of the silk cocoons. Our study not only helps in unraveling the intricate color of silk cocoons but also presents a unique approach applicable to various specimens with uneven surface textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Muhammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (R.M.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (E.E.N.-O.); (A.A.)
| | - Seok-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (R.M.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (E.E.N.-O.); (A.A.)
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Major in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kay-Thwe Htun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (R.M.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (E.E.N.-O.); (A.A.)
| | - Ezekiel Edward Nettey-Oppong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (R.M.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (E.E.N.-O.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (R.M.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (E.E.N.-O.); (A.A.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Seek Seok
- Gangwon-do Agricultural Product Registered Seed Station, Chuncheon 24410, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Wan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (R.M.); (S.-H.L.); (K.-T.H.); (E.E.N.-O.); (A.A.)
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Major in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
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Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Astaxanthin Enrichment in a Mutant of the Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050618. [PMID: 33919403 PMCID: PMC8143343 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutant of the ridgetail white prawn, which exhibited rare orange-red body color with a higher level of free astaxanthin (ASTX) concentration than that in the wild-type prawn, was obtained in our lab. In order to understand the underlying mechanism for the existence of a high level of free astaxanthin, transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type prawns. A total of 78,224 unigenes were obtained, and 1863 were identified as DEGs, in which 902 unigenes showed higher expression levels, while 961 unigenes presented lower expression levels in the mutant in comparison with the wild-type prawns. Based on Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, as well as further investigation of annotated DEGs, we found that the biological processes related to astaxanthin binding, transport, and metabolism presented significant differences between the mutant and the wild-type prawns. Some genes related to these processes, including crustacyanin, apolipoprotein D (ApoD), cathepsin, and cuticle proteins, were identified as DEGs between the two types of prawns. These data may provide important information for us to understand the molecular mechanism of the existence of a high level of free astaxanthin in the prawn.
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Fabrication and Characterization of Human Serum Albumin Particles Loaded with Non-Sericin Extract Obtained from Silk Cocoon as a Carrier System for Hydrophobic Substances. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030334. [PMID: 33494401 PMCID: PMC7865381 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-sericin (NS) extract was produced from the ethanolic extract of Bombyx mori silk cocoons. This extract is composed of both carotenoids and flavonoids. Many of these compounds are composed of substances of poor aqueous solubility. Thus, this study focused on the development of a carrier system created from biocompatible and biodegradable materials to improve the biological activity of NS extracts. Accordingly, NS was incorporated into human serum albumin template particles with MnCO3 (NS-HSA MPs) by loading NS into the preformed HAS-MnCO3 microparticles using the coprecipitation crosslinking dissolution technique (CCD-technique). After crosslinking and template dissolution steps, the NS loaded HSA particles are negatively charged, have a size ranging from 0.8 to 0.9 µm, and are peanut shaped. The degree of encapsulation efficiency ranged from 7% to 57% depending on the initial NS concentration and the steps of adsorption. In addition, NS-HSA MPs were taken up by human lung adenocarcinoma (A549 cell) for 24 h. The promotion of cellular uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry and the results produced 99% fluorescent stained cells. Moreover, the results from CLSM and 3D fluorescence imaging confirmed particle localization in the cells. Interestingly, NS-HSA MPs could not induce inflammation through nitric oxide production from macrophage RAW264.7 cells. This is the first study involving the loading of non-sericin extracts into HSA MPs by CCD technique to enhance the bioavailability and biological effects of NS. Therefore, HSA MPs could be utilized as a carrier system for hydrophobic substances targeting cells with albumin receptors.
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Chieco C, Morrone L, Bertazza G, Cappellozza S, Saviane A, Gai F, Di Virgilio N, Rossi F. The Effect of Strain and Rearing Medium on the Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Carotenoid Content in Silkworm ( Bombyx mori) Pupae. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9030103. [PMID: 30897819 PMCID: PMC6466364 DOI: 10.3390/ani9030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The replacement of environmental-costly resources in food and feed production is now imperative. Insects are recognized to be an effective protein source alternative to fishmeal and soy for animal husbandry. The evaluation of their nutritive properties can offer important insights to determine their potential use as feed. This study compares the pupae body composition of two different silkworm strains: a conventional polyhybrid producing white cocoons and the Nistari with golden yellow cocoons, rich in carotenoids, fed either on fresh mulberry leaves or an artificial diet. The results establish that feeding substrate composition strongly influences the fat and protein content of silkworm pupae. The feeding substrate also positively influences the pupae’ n-3/n-6 ratio while the carotenoid content is exclusively determined by the strain. Abstract The overexploitation of fishmeal and soy for the feedstuff industry has provided an opportunity to employ insects as an unconventional and more environmental friendly protein source. The evaluation of the nutritive properties of different insect species has consequently become a priority. The present study compares the pupal nutritive composition of two silkworm strains (White Cocoon Polyhybrid and Golden Yellow Cocoon Nistari) fed on two different rearing media (fresh mulberry leaves and a commercial artificial diet). Our results provide evidence that the composition of the feeding substrate strongly influences the fat and protein content of silkworm pupae. The two tested strains had higher fat and lower protein contents when fed with silkworm natural food (mulberry leaves) with respect to the commercial artificial diet. The analysis also showed that the n3/n6 ratio was affected almost exclusively by the feed substrate factor. On the contrary, the carotenoid content in pupae was specifically determined by the strain. The study identifies the interesting opportunity offered by silkworm pupae, which are usually a waste product of the silk-reeling process, to be used as alternative animal protein sources in a fully-closed circular production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Chieco
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Morrone
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giampaolo Bertazza
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment-Sericulture Laboratory of Padua, Via Eulero, 6a-35143 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessio Saviane
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment-Sericulture Laboratory of Padua, Via Eulero, 6a-35143 Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production- National Research Council, L.go P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Nicola Di Virgilio
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Rossi
- Institute of Biometeorology, National Research Council, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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