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Malod K, Bierman A, Karsten M, Manrakhan A, Weldon CW, Terblanche JS. Evidence for transient deleterious thermal acclimation in field recapture rates of an invasive tropical species, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39126165 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Knowing how environmental conditions affect performance traits in pest insects is important to improve pest management strategies. It can be informative for monitoring, but also for control programs where insects are mass-reared, and field-released. Here, we investigated how adult thermal acclimation in sterile Bactrocera dorsalis affects dispersal and recapture rates in the field using a mark-release-recapture method. We also considered how current abiotic factors may affect recapture rates and interact with thermal history. We found that acclimation at 20 or 30 °C for 4 d prior to release reduced the number of recaptures in comparison with the 25 °C control group, but with no differences between groups in the willingness to disperse upon release. However, the deleterious effects of acclimation were only detectable in the first week following release, whereafter only the recent abiotic conditions explained recapture rates. In addition, we found that recent field conditions contributed more than thermal history to explain patterns of recaptures. The two most important variables affecting the number of recaptures were the maximum temperature and the average relative humidity experienced in the 24 h preceding trapping. Our results add to the handful of studies that have considered the effect of thermal acclimation on insect field performance, but notably lend support to the deleterious acclimation hypothesis among the various hypotheses that have been proposed. Finally, this study shows that there are specific abiotic conditions (cold/hot and dry) in which recaptures will be reduced, which may therefore bias estimates of wild population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anandi Bierman
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Minette Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Citrus Research International, Mbombela, South Africa
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Stockton DG, Kraft L, Dombrowski P, Doucette L, Bosch M, Gutierrez-Coarite R, Manandhar R, Uyeda J, Silva J, Hawkins J, Shikano I. Persistence of widespread moderate Spinosad resistance among wild melon fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae) and oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) populations on the major Hawaiian islands. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38994798 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance among invasive tephritid fruit flies poses a great risk to national food security and has the potential to disrupt quarantine and eradication programs, which rely on the efficacy of Spinosad to prevent widespread establishment in North America. During 2022 to 2023 we surveyed the extent of Spinosad resistance of two key species, oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, and melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae, from 20 sites across five Hawaiian Islands including Kaua'i, O'ahu, Maui, Molokai and the "Big Island" (Hawai'i). RESULTS We used topical thoracic applications of eight concentrations of Spinosad ranging from 0.028 to 3.6 mg/mL to evaluate the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC99) required to kill wild-caught males. Resistance ratios (RR) were calculated by comparing the LC50 of wild flies to laboratory susceptible lines maintained in colony. Our results identified at least two new sites of concern for melon fly resistance on the Big Island, and at least four sites of concern for oriental fruit fly, all of which were located on the Big Island. At these locations RRs were >5. On O'ahu, melon fly RRs were >10. CONCLUSIONS The persistence of Spinosad resistance is concerning, yet it is a reduction compared to the values reported previously and before changes to Spinosad use recommendations by local extension agents beginning in 2017. For oriental fruit fly, these RR values are the highest levels that have been detected in wild Hawai'i populations. These data suggest that expanded Spinosad reduction and replacement programs are warranted given the ongoing issues with Spinosad resistance in Hawai'i and expansion in the number of species affected. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara G Stockton
- Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit (TCCPRU), USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Laura Kraft
- Washington State University, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences (CAHNRS), Long Beach Research and Extension Unit, Long Beach, WA, USA
| | - Patricia Dombrowski
- Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit (TCCPRU), USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Laura Doucette
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Michael Bosch
- Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit (TCCPRU), USDA-ARS, Hilo, HI, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Roshan Manandhar
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Lihue, HI, USA
| | - Jensen Uyeda
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, O'ahu Cooperative Extension, Pearl City, HI, USA
| | - Joshua Silva
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, O'ahu Cooperative Extension, Pearl City, HI, USA
| | - Jennifer Hawkins
- UH College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Molokai Cooperative Extension, Hoolehua, HI, USA
| | - Ikkei Shikano
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Papadopoulos NT, De Meyer M, Terblanche JS, Kriticos DJ. Fruit Flies: Challenges and Opportunities to Stem the Tide of Global Invasions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:355-373. [PMID: 37758223 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-022723-103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Global trade in fresh fruit and vegetables, intensification of human mobility, and climate change facilitate fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) invasions. Life-history traits, environmental stress response, dispersal stress, and novel genetic admixtures contribute to their establishment and spread. Tephritids are among the most frequently intercepted taxa at ports of entry. In some countries, supported by the rules-based trade framework, a remarkable amount of biosecurity effort is being arrayed against the range expansion of tephritids. Despite this effort, fruit flies continue to arrive in new jurisdictions, sometimes triggering expensive eradication responses. Surprisingly, scant attention has been paid to biosecurity in the recent discourse about new multilateral trade agreements. Much of the available literature on managing tephritid invasions is focused on a limited number of charismatic (historically high-profile) species, and the generality of many patterns remains speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos T Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece;
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium;
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;
| | - Darren J Kriticos
- Cervantes Agritech, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
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Malod K, Bali EMD, Gledel C, Moquet L, Bierman A, Bataka E, Weldon CW, Karsten M, Delatte H, Papadopoulos NT, Terblanche JS. Tethered-flight performance of thermally-acclimated pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) suggests that heat waves may promote the spread of Bactrocera species. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4153-4161. [PMID: 37309691 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermal history may induce phenotypic plasticity in traits that affect performance and fitness. One type of plastic response triggered by thermal history is acclimation. Because flight is linked to movement in the landscape, trapping and detection rates, and underpins the success of pest management tactics, it is particularly important to understand how thermal history may affect pest insect flight performance. We investigated the tethered-flight performance of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae), acclimated for 48 h at 20, 25 or 30 °C and tested at 25 °C. We recorded the total distance, average speed, number of flight events and time spent flying during 2-h tests. We also characterized morphometric traits (body mass, wing shape and wing loading) that can affect flight performance. RESULTS The main factor affecting most flight traits was body mass. The heaviest species, B. dorsalis, flew further, was faster and stopped less often in comparison with the two other species. Bactrocera species exhibited faster and longer flight when compared with C. capitata, which may be associated with the shape of their wings. Moreover, thermal acclimation had sex- and species-specific effects on flight performance. Flies acclimated at 20 °C stopped more often, spent less time flying and, ultimately, covered shorter distances. CONCLUSION Flight performance of B. dorsalis is greater than that of B. zonata and C. capitata. The effects of thermal acclimation are species-specific. Warmer acclimation temperatures may allow pest fruit flies to disperse further and faster. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Malod
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eleftheria-Maria D Bali
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | | | | | - Anandi Bierman
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Evmorfia Bataka
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Minette Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Nikos T Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Shikano I, Gutierrez-Coarite R, Streit C, Perez E, Fujitani E, Mau RFL. Field Tests of Three Alternative Insecticides with Protein Bait for the Development of an Insecticide Rotation Program to Control Melon Flies, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:629. [PMID: 35886806 PMCID: PMC9323022 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
High levels of resistance to the spinosad-based insecticidal protein bait GF-120 have been detected in some populations of melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Hawaii in 2017. To provide cucurbit farmers in Hawaii with alternative insecticides, we field-tested the effectiveness of Agri-Mek SC (a.i., abamectin), Mustang Maxx (a.i., zeta-cypermethrin), and Malathion 5EC (a.i., malathion), added to a protein bait spray (Nu-Lure Insect Bait). The insecticide and protein bait combinations were applied to the roosting plants of Z. cucurbitae around the perimeter of the cucurbit fields at one-week intervals. When individually tested, all three insecticides in combination with protein bait significantly reduced or suppressed the numbers of female flies caught in torula yeast traps. A two-week rotation of weekly applications of the three insecticides and GF-120 significantly reduced Z. cucurbitae numbers on a commercial zucchini farm on Maui. The percentage of marketable fruits harvested increased from 51% to 98% after implementing the insecticide rotation. Our findings will be used to provide cucurbit farmers with additional products to control Z. cucurbitae. The future focus will be on educating cucurbit farmers to use the insecticide rotation strategy to prevent or delay resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikkei Shikano
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (C.S.); (R.F.L.M.)
| | - Rosemary Gutierrez-Coarite
- Kahului Extension Office, Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kahului, HI 96732, USA;
| | - Christian Streit
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (C.S.); (R.F.L.M.)
| | - Edwin Perez
- Maui Agricultural Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kula, HI 96790, USA; (E.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Earl Fujitani
- Maui Agricultural Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kula, HI 96790, USA; (E.P.); (E.F.)
| | - Ronald F. L. Mau
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; (C.S.); (R.F.L.M.)
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Hsu J, Chou M, Mau RFL, Maeda C, Shikano I, Manoukis NC, Vargas RI. Spinosad resistance in field populations of melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), in Hawaii. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5439-5444. [PMID: 34331843 PMCID: PMC9290140 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of Zeugodacus cucurbitae, a serious agricultural pest worldwide, often includes or is dependent on the use of spinosad-based insecticides. This is especially the case in Hawaii, where GF-120, a protein bait containing spinosad as the active ingredient, has been in use as a key integrated pest management (IPM) tool against this Tephritid for the last two decades. Here, we report on resistance to spinosad [resistance ratios (RRs) and median lethal concentration (LC50 )] in Hawaii's populations of Z. cucurbitae. RESULTS High resistance was found in populations from three farms on Oahu (RR = 102-303; LC50 = 191-567 mg L-1 ) and in a population from Maui (RR = 8.50; LC50 = 15.9 mg L-1 ). These will be problematic for control given that the most concentrated dilution ratio on the GF-120 label is 96 mg L-1 of spinosad (1 part GF-120 to 1.5 parts water). Background resistance in a naïve wild population from the Island of Hawaii (RR = 2.73; LC50 = 5.1 mg L-1 ) was relatively low compared with a spinosad-susceptible laboratory colony (LC50 = 1.87 mg L-1 ). Resistance in the three Oahu and one Maui populations declined over generations in the absence of spinosad but remained elevated in some cases. Moreover, melon flies collected from one of the Oahu farms 1 year after the cessation of spinosad use revealed high persistence of resistance. CONCLUSION Compared with a 2008 survey of spinosad resistance, our findings indicate a 34-fold increase in resistance on one of the Oahu farms over 9 years. The evolution and persistence of high levels of resistance to spinosad in Z. cucurbitae in Hawaii highlights the need for alternative control tactics, particularly rotation of active ingredients. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju‐Chun Hsu
- Department of EntomologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Yi Chou
- Agricultural Extension CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Ronald FL Mau
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection SciencesUniversity of Hawai'iMānoaHIUSA
| | - Colby Maeda
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceDaniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research CenterHiloHIUSA
| | - Ikkei Shikano
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection SciencesUniversity of Hawai'iMānoaHIUSA
| | - Nicholas C Manoukis
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceDaniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research CenterHiloHIUSA
| | - Roger I Vargas
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceDaniel K. Inouye US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research CenterHiloHIUSA
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