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Dai Z, Ren J, Tong X, Hu H, Lu K, Dai F, Han MJ. The Landscapes of Full-Length Transcripts and Splice Isoforms as Well as Transposons Exonization in the Lepidopteran Model System, Bombyx mori. Front Genet 2021; 12:704162. [PMID: 34594358 PMCID: PMC8476886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.704162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important model system for the order Lepidoptera. Currently, based on third-generation sequencing, the chromosome-level genome of Bombyx mori has been released. However, its transcripts were mainly assembled by using short reads of second-generation sequencing and expressed sequence tags which cannot explain the transcript profile accurately. Here, we used PacBio Iso-Seq technology to investigate the transcripts from 45 developmental stages of Bombyx mori. We obtained 25,970 non-redundant high-quality consensus isoforms capturing ∼60% of previous reported RNAs, 15,431 (∼47%) novel transcripts, and identified 7,253 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with a large proportion of novel lncRNA (∼56%). In addition, we found that transposable elements (TEs) exonization account for 11,671 (∼45%) transcripts including 5,980 protein-coding transcripts (∼32%) and 5,691 lncRNAs (∼79%). Overall, our results expand the silkworm transcripts and have general implications to understand the interaction between TEs and their host genes. These transcripts resource will promote functional studies of genes and lncRNAs as well as TEs in the silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongrui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,WESTA College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min-Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Karp X. Hormonal Regulation of Diapause and Development in Nematodes, Insects, and Fishes. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.735924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diapause is a state of developmental arrest adopted in response to or in anticipation of environmental conditions that are unfavorable for growth. In many cases, diapause is facultative, such that animals may undergo either a diapause or a non-diapause developmental trajectory, depending on environmental cues. Diapause is characterized by enhanced stress resistance, reduced metabolism, and increased longevity. The ability to postpone reproduction until suitable conditions are found is important to the survival of many animals, and both vertebrate and invertebrate species can undergo diapause. The decision to enter diapause occurs at the level of the whole animal, and thus hormonal signaling pathways are common regulators of the diapause decision. Unlike other types of developmental arrest, diapause is programmed, such that the diapause developmental trajectory includes a pre-diapause preparatory phase, diapause itself, recovery from diapause, and post-diapause development. Therefore, developmental pathways are profoundly affected by diapause. Here, I review two conserved hormonal pathways, insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) and nuclear hormone receptor signaling (NHR), and their role in regulating diapause across three animal phyla. Specifically, the species reviewed are Austrofundulus limnaeus and Nothobranchius furzeri annual killifishes, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, and insect species including Drosophila melanogaster, Culex pipiens, and Bombyx mori. In addition, the developmental changes that occur as a result of diapause are discussed, with a focus on how IIS and NHR pathways interact with core developmental pathways in C. elegans larvae that undergo diapause.
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Trochez-Solarte JD, Ruiz-Erazo X, Almanza-Pinzon M, Zambrano-Gonzalez G. Role of microsatellites in genetic analysis of Bombyx mori silkworm: a review. F1000Res 2019; 8:1424. [PMID: 32148760 PMCID: PMC7043130 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20052.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the genome of
Bombyx mori Linnaeus (1758), the microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSR), feature among their particular characteristics a high adenine and thymine (A/T) content, low number of repeats, low frequency, and a grouping in "families" with similar flanking regions. Such characteristics may be the result of a complex interaction between factors that limit the size and dispersion of SSR loci—such as their high association with transposons—and mean that microsatellites within this taxon suitable as molecular markers are relatively rare. The determination of genetic profiles in populations and cell lines has not been affected owing to the high level of polymorphism, nor has the analysis of diversity, structure and genetic relationships. However, the scarcity of suitable microsatellites has restricted their application in genetic mapping, limiting them to preliminary identification of gene location of genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to thermotolerance, resistance to viruses, pigmentation patterns, body development and the weight of the cocoon, the cortex, the pupa and the filament. The review confirms that, as markers, microsatellites are versatile and perform well. They could thus be useful both to advance research in emerging countries with few resources seeking to promote sericulture in their territories, and to advance in the genetic and molecular knowledge of characteristics of productive and biological interest, given the latest technological developments in terms of the sequencing, identification, isolation and genotyping of SSR loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian David Trochez-Solarte
- Agropecuary Sciences Department, Production Integrated Systems Research Group (SISINPRO), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, 190017, Colombia
| | - Ximena Ruiz-Erazo
- Agropecuary Sciences Department, Production Integrated Systems Research Group (SISINPRO), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, 190017, Colombia
| | - Martha Almanza-Pinzon
- Agropecuary Sciences Department, Production Integrated Systems Research Group (SISINPRO), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, 190017, Colombia
| | - Giselle Zambrano-Gonzalez
- Biology Department, Geology, Ecology and Conservation Research Group (GECO), Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education, University of Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, 190002, Colombia
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Abdelli N, Peng L, Keping C. Silkworm, Bombyx mori, as an alternative model organism in toxicological research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35048-35054. [PMID: 30374720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silkworms, Bombyx mori, are a promising model animal in health safety and environmental pollution assessment due to their sensitivity to chemical compounds like pesticides, drugs, and heavy metals, in addition to other features like their low cost and body characteristics and their full genome sequencing. In this review, we summarize the silkworm advantages as a model organism in toxicological research. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouara Abdelli
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Lü Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Chen Keping
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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Haghighi MT, Jagadeesh Kumar TS. Genetic divergence and allelic-specificity in relation to expression of voltinism in silkworm using ISSR and RAPD fingerprinting. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279541702003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Genetic analysis of Indian tasar silkmoth (Antheraea mylitta) populations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15728. [PMID: 26510465 PMCID: PMC4625160 DOI: 10.1038/srep15728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Indian tasar silkmoth, Antheraea mylitta is an economically important wild silkmoth species distributed across India. A number of morphologically and ethologically well-defined ecotypes are known for this species that differ in their primary food plant specificity. Most of these ecotypes do not interbreed in nature, but are able to produce offspring under captive conditions. Microsatellite markers were developed for A. mylitta, and out of these, ten well-behaved microsatellite loci were used to analyze the population structure of different ecoraces. A total of 154 individual moths belonging to eight different ecoraces, were screened at each locus. Hierarchical analysis of population structure using Analysis of MOlecular VAriance (AMOVA) revealed significant structuring (FST = 0.154) and considerable inbreeding (FIS = 0.505). A significant isolation by distance was also observed. The number of possible population clusters was investigated using distance method, Bayesian algorithm and self organization maps (SOM). The first two methods revealed two distinct clusters, whereas the SOM showed the different ecoraces not to be clearly differentiated. These results suggest that although there is a large degree of phenotypic variation among the different ecoraces of A. mylitta, genetically they are not very different, and the phenotypic differences may largely be a result of their respective ecology.
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