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Li H, Xia X, He X, Li S, Dai L, Ye J, Hao D. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Insights in Overwintering Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:8. [PMID: 35560005 PMCID: PMC9105011 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monochamus alternatus, the dominant vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae), has caused immense damage to forest resources. In China, this vector was native to the southern regions but has spread northward recently. To adapt to more challenging environments in the northern winter, M. alternatus has evolved an intricate strategy for overwintering, which remains largely unknown. Herein, we compared the transcriptome data of the overwintering and non-overwintering larvae of M. alternatus larvae to investigate the molecular mechanisms in overwintering. A total of 53.10 GB clean bases and 28, 245 unigenes were obtained by RNA-seq. Analysis of 2597 upregulated and 2429 downregulated unigenes, as well as the enrichment of DEGs showed that many genes and pathways were jointly involved in the overwintering period. Besides, the accuracy of the RNA-seq data was tested by using qPCR experiment involving 13 selected genes. The results revealed that the overwintering process relied largely on the energy allocation trade-off. Specifically, overwintering M. alternatus inhibited energy-intensive activities, such as growth and molting, detoxification, and trehalose transport, and the reserved energy was skewed towards the synthesis of antifreeze compounds and immune response to cope with the deleterious effects of winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xia
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuanyu He
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouyin Li
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianren Ye
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Wang Z, Zhao L, Liu J, Yang Y, Shi J, Wen J, Gao R. Functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities in response to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infestation in the Three Gorges Reservoir region. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8843-8855. [PMID: 34257932 PMCID: PMC8258193 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of the invasion of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on the functional relationship between woody plants and insect communities, the populations of tree species and insect communities were investigative in the Masson pine forests with different infestation durations of B. xylophilus. In this study, the number of Pinus massoniana began to decrease sharply, whereas the total number of other tree species in the arboreal layer increased gradually with the infestation duration of B. xylophilus. The principal component analysis ordination biplot shows that there was a significant change in the spatial distribution of woody plant species in different Masson pine forest stands. Additionally, a total of 7,188 insect specimens were obtained. The insect population showed an upward trend in stand types with the increase of pine wilt disease infection periods, which demonstrated that the insect community had been significantly affected by the invasion of B. xylophilus. However, the insect diversity indexes were not significantly different among Masson pine forest stands. The structure of insect functional groups changed from herbivorous (He) > omnivorous (Om) > predatory (Pr) > parasitic (Pa) > detritivorous (De) in the control stand to He > Pa > Om, De > Pr after B. xylophilus infestation in the forests. The results showed that the populations of He, Pa, and De increased after the invasion of B. xylophilus, but the populations of Pr decreased. Moreover, the redundancy analysis ordination biplots reflected the complicated functional relationship between woody plant communities and insects after the invasion of B. xylophilus. The present study provides insights into the changes in the community structure of woody plants and insects, as well as the functional relationship between woody plant communities and insect communities after invasion of B. xylophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest ControlCollege of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- College of MarxismShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of ForestryShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
| | - Yajie Yang
- College of ForestryShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
| | - Juan Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest ControlCollege of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junbao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest ControlCollege of ForestryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ruihe Gao
- College of ForestryShanxi Agricultural UniversityTaiguChina
- Shanxi Dangerous Forest Pest Inspection and Identification CenterTaiguShanxiChina
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