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Zhang YX, Wu YK, Liu HH, Li WZ, Jin L, Li GQ. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Reveals Critical Pathways during Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7505. [PMID: 39062748 PMCID: PMC11276636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata is distributed in several Asian countries. The larvae and adults often cause substantial economic losses to Solanaceae crops such as potato, tomato, eggplant, and Chinese boxthorn. Even though a chromosome-level genome has been documented, the expression profiles of genes involved in development are not determined. In this study, we constructed embryonic, larval, pupal, and adult transcriptomes, generated a comprehensive RNA-sequencing dataset including ~52 Gb of clean data, and identified 602,773,686 cleaned reads and 33,269 unigenes. A total of 18,192 unigenes were successfully annotated against NCBI nonredundant protein sequences, Swissprot, Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups, Gene Ontology (GO), or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. There were 3580, 2040, 5160, 2496, 3008, and 3895 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between adult/egg, egg/larval, larval/pupal, adult/pupal, egg/pupal, and adult/larval samples, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses of the DEGs highlighted several critical pathways associated with specific developing stages. This is the first comprehensive transcriptomic dataset encompassing all developmental stages in H. vigintioctomaculata. Our data may facilitate the exploitation of gene targets for pest control and can serve as a valuable gene resource for future molecular investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests/State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China; (Y.-X.Z.); (Y.-K.W.); (H.-H.L.); (W.-Z.L.); (L.J.)
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Liu P, Zhang X, Wang R, Chen S, Zhang T. Monoterpene alcohols induced by sweet potato weevil larvae deter conspecific adults from feeding and oviposition. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3504-3510. [PMID: 37140406 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraspecific competition is shared in the insect world, especially under the condition of limited food and space resources. To avoid intraspecific competition and increase offspring survival, insects have evolved various effective strategies. A widely-accepted tactic is employing chemical cues, which are frequently utilized as indicators of conspecific colonization. The sweet potato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius, is a destructive pest of sweet potatoes. Its larvae bore into sweet potatoes and alter the emission of odors. The present study aimed to investigate whether volatiles associated with SPW larvae feeding influence the behavioral preference of conspecific adults. RESULTS Volatiles from SPW larvae-infested sweet potatoes were collected by a head-space method and analyzed using gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five compounds eliciting EAD responses from the antennae of both male and female adult SPW were identified from sweet potatoes with the third-instar larvae, including linalool, citronellol, nerol, geraniol, and ipomeamarone. Four monoterpene alcohols significantly repelled SPW adults from feeding and oviposition at higher doses in the behavioral preference bioassays. Among them, geraniol displayed the strongest repellent activities for SPW feeding and oviposition. These results suggested that SPW larvae could reduce colonization of adult SPWs by inducing monoterpene alcohols, thereby avoiding intraspecific competition. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that volatile monoterpene alcohols induced by SPW larvae are chemical cues of larvae occupation for SPW adults to change their behavioral preference. Unveiling factors that mediate avoidance of intraspecific competition could help develop repellents or oviposition deterrents for SPW control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjing Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Rongyan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Shulong Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
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Zhang A, Dou N, Qu Z, Guo Y, Zhou W, Wu D, Lin Z, Feng M, Cui H, Han L. Effects of the termination of LC 30 imidacloprid stress on the multigeneration adaptive strategies of Aphis glycines population. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1153249. [PMID: 37584015 PMCID: PMC10424448 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1153249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major soybean pest that often poses a serious threat to soybean production. Imidacloprid is one of the commonly used insecticides to control the soybean aphid. To investigate the effect of termination of imidacloprid stress on the adaptive strategies of soybean aphid populations, we studied the growth, development, and related metabolism changes when the stress was terminated after 24 generations of imidacloprid stress on A. glycines. The results show that the A. glycines population accelerated its recovery and expanded its population size across generations. The longevity of the adults of the recovering population in the F12, F18, and F24 generations, respectively, was 1.11, 1.15, and 1.11 times longer than the control, while the fecundity was 10.38%, 11.74%, and 11.61% higher than that of the control. The net reproductive rate (R 0) of the recovering population was always significantly higher than that of the control in the F1 to F24 generations. In addition, metabolisms related to the regulation of cell proliferation and oocyte meiosis were significantly upregulated in the recovering population. Even when the imidacloprid pressure disappeared, intergenerational stimuli still affected the adaptive strategies of soybean aphid populations. This effect was manifested as inhibiting the growth and development of the soybean aphid in the early generations and improving the fecundity of the soybean aphid in the later generations. Adaptive soybean aphid populations would surge in the absence of imidacloprid pressure. This study provides an important reference for exploring the adaptability of the A. glycines population under termination of stress from low lethal concentrations of imidacloprid across generations. It also provides important data for monitoring the population dynamics of A. glycines in the field and analyzing the degree of pharmacodynamic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aonan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Dou
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhongcheng Qu
- Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yongxia Guo
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China and Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Interaction Biology and Ecological Control, Daqing, China
| | - WenJing Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongxue Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiying Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Min Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hengjia Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lanlan Han
- College of Plant Protection, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Yang H, Xu D, Zhuo Z, Hu J, Lu B. Transcriptome and gene expression analysis of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during developmental stages. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10223. [PMID: 33194414 PMCID: PMC7643551 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is one of the most destructive pests harming palm trees. However, genomic resources for R. ferrugineus are still lacking, limiting the ability to discover molecular and genetic means of pest control. Methods In this study, PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-seq were used to generate transcriptome from three developmental stages of R. ferrugineus (pupa, 7th-instar larva, adult) to increase the understanding of the life cycle and molecular characteristics of the pest. Results Sequencing generated 625,983,256 clean reads, from which 63,801 full-length transcripts were assembled with N50 of 3,547 bp. Expression analyses revealed 8,583 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreover, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly related to the peroxisome pathway which associated with metabolic pathways, material transportation and organ tissue formation. In summary, this work provides a valuable basis for further research on the growth and development, gene expression and gene prediction, and pest control of R. ferrugineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yang
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan,China
| | - Danping Xu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihang Zhuo
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan,China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiameng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Biology of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan,China
| | - Baoqian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture China, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Hong F, Mo SH, Liu Y, Wei D. Transcriptomic Profiling of Various Developmental Stages of Aphis Aurantii to Provide a Genetic Resource for Gene Expression and SSR Analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578939. [PMID: 33071832 PMCID: PMC7530277 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- College of Agriculture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si-Hua Mo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Noriega DD, Arias PL, Barbosa HR, Arraes FBM, Ossa GA, Villegas B, Coelho RR, Albuquerque EVS, Togawa RC, Grynberg P, Wang H, Vélez AM, Arboleda JW, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Silva MCM, Valencia-Jiménez A. Transcriptome and gene expression analysis of three developmental stages of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12804. [PMID: 31488852 PMCID: PMC6728347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee production is a global industry valued at approximately 173 billion US dollars. One of the main challenges facing coffee production is the management of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, which is considered the primary arthropod pest of coffee worldwide. Current control strategies are inefficient for CBB management. Although biotechnological alternatives, including RNA interference (RNAi), have been proposed in recent years to control insect pests, characterizing the genetics of the target pest is essential for the successful application of these emerging technologies. In this study, we employed RNA-seq to obtain the transcriptome of three developmental stages of the CBB (larva, female and male) to increase our understanding of the CBB life cycle in relation to molecular features. The CBB transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq and assembled de novo. Differential gene expression analysis was performed across the developmental stages. The final assembly produced 29,434 unigenes, of which 4,664 transcripts were differentially expressed. Genes linked to crucial physiological functions, such as digestion and detoxification, were determined to be tightly regulated between the reproductive and nonreproductive stages of CBB. The data obtained in this study help to elucidate the critical roles that several genes play as regulatory elements in CBB development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Noriega
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Paula L Arias
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Helena R Barbosa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Biotechnology Center, UFRGS, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B M Arraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- Biotechnology Center, UFRGS, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Ossa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Bernardo Villegas
- Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Roberta R Coelho
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto C Togawa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | - Haichuan Wang
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ana M Vélez
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Jorge W Arboleda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo - CIMAD, Universidad de Manizales, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
- Catholic University of Brasília - Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| | - Maria C M Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Wu Y, Ding J, Xu B, You L, Ge L, Yang G, Liu F, Stanley D, Song Q, Wu J. Two Fungicides Alter Reproduction of the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus by Influencing Gene and Protein Expression. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:978-986. [PMID: 29411984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aside from their intended actions, fungicides can drive pest insect outbreaks due to virtually continuous use and pest evolution. Small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, outbreaks occurred recently in many provinces in China, with devastating rice losses. Because exposure to the fungicide jinggangmycin (JGM) increased reproduction of the brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens, via its influence on fatty acid synthase, we posed the hypothesis that JGM and carbendazim (CBM) influence SBPH reproduction via their influence on enzymes involved in other aspects of lipid metabolism. Exposure to the fungicide CBM stimulated SBPH reproduction (egg-laying up by 78%) and to another fungicide, JGM, led to decreased egg-laying (down by 47.3%). These inverse effects are mediated by down-regulated expression of l-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD) in JGM-treated females and up-regulated expression of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like protein 2-like (HSD) in CBM-treated females. RNAi knockdown of, separately, LCHAD and HSD led to reduced egg-laying (down by 52% for dsLCHAD and by 73% for dsHSD). dsLCHAD, dsHSD, and JGM treatments also led to severely reduced ovarian development in experimental SBPH, with shorted and thinned valvula and lack of egg cells in ovaries. Valvula of CBM-treated females enlarged, with banana-shaped eggs in ovaries. These data strongly support our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ding
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Linlin You
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Linquan Ge
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service , 1503 South Providence Road, Columbia, Missouri 65203, United States
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri , 1-31 Agriculture Building, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Jincai Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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Using Next-Generation Sequencing to Detect Differential Expression Genes in Bradysia odoriphaga after Exposure to Insecticides. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112445. [PMID: 29149030 PMCID: PMC5713412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae) is the most important pest of Chinese chive. Insecticides are used widely and frequently to control B. odoriphaga in China. However, the performance of the insecticides chlorpyrifos and clothianidin in controlling the Chinese chive maggot is quite different. Using next generation sequencing technology, different expression unigenes (DEUs) in B. odoriphaga were detected after treatment with chlorpyrifos and clothianidin for 6 and 48 h in comparison with control. The number of DEUs ranged between 703 and 1161 after insecticide treatment. In these DEUs, 370–863 unigenes can be classified into 41–46 categories of gene ontology (GO), and 354–658 DEUs can be mapped into 987–1623 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The expressions of DEUs related to insecticide-metabolism-related genes were analyzed. The cytochrome P450-like unigene group was the largest group in DEUs. Most glutathione S-transferase-like unigenes were down-regulated and most sodium channel-like unigenes were up-regulated after insecticide treatment. Finally, 14 insecticide-metabolism-related unigenes were chosen to confirm the relative expression in each treatment by quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of qRT-PCR and RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) are fairly well-established. Our results demonstrate that a next-generation sequencing tool facilitates the identification of insecticide-metabolism-related genes and the illustration of the insecticide mechanisms of chlorpyrifos and clothianidin.
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Xue P, Zhao X, Qin M, Shi Z, Zhang M, Gu W. Transcriptome Analysis of Male Drosophila melanogaster Exposed to Ethylparaben Using Digital Gene Expression Profiling. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2017; 17:3966733. [PMID: 28973488 PMCID: PMC5510984 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ethylparaben (EP) has been shown to have estrogenic effects and can affect the normal development, longevity, and reproductive system of some animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of EP in male Drosophila melanogaster using transcriptome analysis or digital gene expression profiling. We then screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups (EP-treated and control group) of Drosophila, and performed clustering analysis, gene ontology (GO) function annotation, kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genomes metabolic pathway analysis. We found that EP enriched GO in three processes: cellular component, molecular function, and biological process. Consequently, we detected 13,959 genes and among them, 18 genes were identified to be significantly expressed between the EP-treated and control samples. Of these, seven genes were down-regulated, and eleven genes were up-regulated in EP-treated samples. Furthermore, four DEGs including two down-regulated genes (CG9465, CG9468) and two up-regulated genes (TotA, Sqz) were verified by real-time quantitative PCR. This study revealed the impact of EP on gene expression in fruit fly and provided new insight into the mechanisms of this response, which is helpful for understanding EP toxicity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqin Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an 710119, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an 710119, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Mengbei Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an 710119, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Zhanghuan Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an 710119, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an 710119, China (; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Wei Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620, West Chang’an Avenue, Chang’an District, Xi’an 710119, China (; ; ; ; ; )
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