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Du Y, Scheibener S, Zhu Y, Portilla M, Zhang M. Resistance risk assessment of six pyrethroids and acephate toward the resistant adult tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:792-802. [PMID: 37850504 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to rapidly developed resistance, pest management relies less on pyrethroids to control economically damaging infestations of the tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in cotton fields of Mississippi. Yet, pyrethroid resistance remains prevalent in TPB populations. This study assessed the resistance levels in adult TPB to six common pyrethroids and acephate. Resistant TBPs were collected from wild host plants in late October after harvest in the Mississippi Delta region of the United States. Based on LC50 values, the field-resistant TPBs displayed higher resistance to permethrin, esfenvalerate, and bifenthrin (approximately 30 fold) and moderate resistance to λ-cyhalothrin, β-cyfluthrin, ζ-cypermethrin, and acephate (approximately 15 fold). Further investigations showed that the inhibitors of three detoxification enzyme, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), diethyl maleate (DEM), and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) had synergistic effects on permethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin in resistant TPBs. Furthermore, elevated esterase, GST, and P450 activities were significantly expressed in field-resistant TPBs. Additionally, GST and esterase were reduced after 48 h exposure to certain pyrethroids at LC50 dose. The synergistic and biochemical assays consistently indicated that P450 and esterase were involved in pyrethroid detoxification in TPBs. This study provides valuable information for the continued use of pyrethroids and acephate in controlling TPBs in cotton fields in the Mississippi Delta region of the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Du
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, USA
| | - Shane Scheibener
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystem Research Unit, Stoneville, USA
| | - Maribel Portilla
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, USA
| | - Mingling Zhang
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, USA
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Du Y, Zhu Y, Scheibener S, Portilla M. Toxicity Assessment of Four Formulated Pyrethroid-Containing Binary Insecticides in Two Resistant Adult Tarnished Plant Bug ( Lygus lineolaris) Populations. INSECTS 2023; 14:761. [PMID: 37754729 PMCID: PMC10532362 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the extensive use of pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance in many insect populations, including the economically damaging pest tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris, on cotton. To manage TPB resistance, several commercially formulated pyrethroid-containing binary mixtures, in combination with neonicotinoids or avermectin are recommended for TPB control and resistance management in the mid-South USA. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and resistance risks of four formulated pyrethroid-containing binary mixtures (Endigo, Leverage, Athena, and Hero) on one susceptible and two resistant TPB populations, which were field-collected in July (Field-R1) and October (Field-R2), respectively. Based on LC50 values, both resistant TPB populations displayed variable tolerance to the four binary mixtures, with Hero showing the highest resistance and Athena the lowest. Notably, the Field-R2 exhibited 1.5-3-fold higher resistance compared to the Field-R1 for all four binary insecticides. Moreover, both resistant TPB populations demonstrated significantly higher resistance ratios towards Hero and Leverage compared to their corresponding individual pyrethroid, while Endigo and Athena showed similar or lower resistance. This study also utilized the calculated additive index (AI) and co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) analysis, which revealed that the two individual components in Leverage exhibited antagonist effects against the two resistant TPB populations. In contrast, the two individual components in Endigo, Hero, and Athena displayed synergistic interactions. Considering that Hero is a mixture of two pyrethroids that can enhance the development of TPB resistance, our findings suggest that Endigo and Athena are likely superior products for slowing down resistance development in TPB populations. This study provides valuable insight for selecting the most effective mixtures to achieve better TPB control through synergistic toxicity analysis, while simultaneously reducing economic and environmental risks associated with resistance development in the insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Du
- Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Yucheng Zhu
- Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Research Service, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA;
| | - Shane Scheibener
- Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Maribel Portilla
- Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (S.S.); (M.P.)
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George J, Glover JP, Gore J, Crow WD, Reddy GVP. Biology, Ecology, and Pest Management of the Tarnished Plant Bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in Southern Row Crops. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090807. [PMID: 34564247 PMCID: PMC8465932 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, is a polyphagous, sap-feeder that causes significant economic damage in several field crops, especially cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern United States. In 2020, it was reported that 4.8 million acres of cotton were infested by Lygus spp. in the United States. A broad host range, polyphagous feeding behavior and high mobility of this pest along with resistance development to conventional pesticides helped them establish as a significant pest of concern for cotton growers in the mid-south. Since the publication of a review by Layton (2000) on damage caused by Lygus lineolaris, many new research studies have been published on the Lygus biology, ecology, and integrated pest management strategies. A comprehensive review paper that summarizes these latest research developments and Lygus management strategies will be useful for researchers and cotton growers. In this review, we report and discuss the latest developments in Lygus research and the new control strategies that have been developed in the last two decades. Abstract The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), (Hemiptera: Miridae) is considered the most damaging pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern United States, although it is established throughout the United States, southern Canada, and northern Mexico. The introduction of transgenic crops for the control of moths in the Heliothine complex and eradication of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, from much of the United States led to greatly reduced pesticide use in cotton fields, which allowed L. lineolaris to emerge as a new primary pest of cotton in the mid-southern United States. Since the publication of a review by Layton (2000) on damage caused by Lygus lineolaris, many new studies have been published on the changes in host range, population dynamics, sampling methods and thresholds, cultural practices, sex pheromones and attractant blends, novel pesticides and insecticide resistance mechanisms, olfactory and feeding behaviors, introduction of biological control agents, host-plant resistance mechanisms, and new molecular and genetic tools for integrated pest management of Lygus species in cotton and other important crops. Here, we review and discuss the latest developments in L. lineolaris research in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin George
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.P.G.); (G.V.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - James P. Glover
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.P.G.); (G.V.P.R.)
| | - Jeffrey Gore
- Research & Extension Center, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 197, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.G.); (W.D.C.)
| | - Whitney D. Crow
- Research & Extension Center, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 197, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.G.); (W.D.C.)
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- USDA-ARS, Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.P.G.); (G.V.P.R.)
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Dorman SJ, Gross AD, Musser FR, Catchot BD, Smith RH, Reisig DD, Reay-Jones FP, Greene JK, Roberts PM, Taylor SV. Resistance monitoring to four insecticides and mechanisms of resistance in Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois (Hemiptera: Miridae) populations of southeastern USA cotton. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3935-3944. [PMID: 32506787 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economically damaging infestations of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), have become more frequent in Virginia and North Carolina cotton since 2013 and 2010, respectively. Foliar insecticide use has increased dramatically in response. Efficacy data (LC50 ) are needed to evaluate L. lineolaris susceptibility and resistance levels (RR50 ) to commonly used and recommended insecticides for managing this pest in the southeastern USA. RESULTS Elevated resistance levels to acephate and bifenthrin were measured in L. lineolaris populations collected from wild and cultivated hosts in Virginia, North Carolina and northern Alabama when compared to a susceptible laboratory population. High levels of bifenthrin resistance were observed in 2018 and 2019. Mixed-function oxidase and esterase (EST) inhibitors, piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-Tributyl phosphotrithioate, respectively, had a synergistic effect on bifenthrin with resistant populations of L. lineolaris. Bifenthrin-resistant L. lineolaris populations expressed elevated levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP450 ) monooxygenase and general EST activity. Results suggest that insecticide resistance is present in some locations and that CYP450 and EST activity in L. lineolaris contribute to pyrethroid resistance in the southeastern USA. CONCLUSIONS Results can serve as a baseline for continued monitoring of L. lineolaris insecticide resistance and inform insecticide resistance management strategies that help southeastern USA cotton producers to minimize inputs and slow resistance development. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Dorman
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA, USA
| | - Aaron D Gross
- Department of Entomology, Molecular Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Fred R Musser
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Beverly D Catchot
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Ronald H Smith
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Dominic D Reisig
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Vernon James Research and Extension Center, Plymouth, NC, USA
| | - Francis Pf Reay-Jones
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Jeremy K Greene
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Edisto Research and Education Center, Blackville, SC, USA
| | | | - Sally V Taylor
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA, USA
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Portilla M. A Laboratory Diet-Overlay Bioassay to Monitor Resistance in Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae) to Insecticides Commonly Used in the Mississippi Delta. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:4. [PMID: 32658274 PMCID: PMC7357266 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory, diet-overlay pesticide bioassay was developed using a susceptible population of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), to study its susceptibility to neonicotinoid, sulfoxamine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid insecticides (thiamethoxam, sulfoxaflor, acephate, and permethrin, respectively). The diet-overlay bioassay was compared to the traditional glass-vial surface residue bioassay. We measured LC50 values by feeding tarnished plant bug adults known doses of insecticides dispensed on top of diet in a 10% solution of honey water for thiamethoxam and 10% acetone in water solutions for permethrin, acephate, and sulfoxaflor. Both the diet-overlay and glass-vial bioassays used dose-response (mortality) regression lines to calculate LC50 values for each insecticide at 6-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-exposure. Data variability from the glass-vial bioassay was higher for permethrin, sulfoxaflor, and thiamethoxam than the diet-overlay bioassay, for all evaluation times. In contrast, there was lower variability among replicates to acephate in the glass-vial assay compared to the diet-overlay assay. Control mortalities observed on diet-overlay bioassay were lower (0-5%) than those observed on the glass-vial bioassay (4-27%). The use of green beans, floral-foam, rolling glass vials, and insect handling made the existing standard method tedious to manipulate and difficult to handle large numbers of individuals. The nonautoclaved solid diet provides an opportunity to significantly reduce cost and variability associated with procedures of other bioassay methods. In general, the baseline data provide a basis for future comparison to determine changes in resistance over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Portilla
- USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS
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Fabrick JA, Yool AJ, Spurgeon DW. Insecticidal activity of marigold Tagetes patula plants and foliar extracts against the hemipteran pests, Lygus hesperus and Bemisia tabaci. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233511. [PMID: 32428032 PMCID: PMC7237031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae) and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are key hemipteran pests of numerous crop plants throughout the western United States and Mexico. Management in the U.S. currently relies on only a few insecticides and is threatened by the evolution of resistance. New chemistries or alternative management strategies are needed to reduce selection pressure on current insecticides and enhance control. Here, we investigated the bio-insecticidal toxicity of the French marigold, Tagetes patula Linnaeus (Asterales: Asteraceae), against both L. hesperus and B. tabaci. Assays indicated significantly reduced survival of both pest species on T. patula plants, and in diet incorporation assays containing aqueous and methanolic marigold foliar extracts. Mortality was concentration-dependent, indicating the presence of one or more extractable toxicants. These data suggest that T. patula plants have insecticidal constituents that might be identified and developed as novel alternatives to conventional chemical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Fabrick
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, United States of America
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dale W. Spurgeon
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, United States of America
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Native Pollinators (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) in Cotton Grown in the Gulf South, United States. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Native bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) were sampled using bee bowls in two states to determine biodiversity in commercial cotton fields of the southern United States. In both states, native bee communities found in cotton fields were dominated by generalist pollinators in the genera Agapostemon, Augochloropsis, Halictus, and Lasioglossum (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), and Melissodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Melissodes tepaneca (Cresson) was the most abundant species found in cotton fields in both states. Some species collected are known specialists on other plant taxa, suggesting they may be tourist species. Here we provide a baseline species list of native bees found in cotton. Ordination indicated separation between the communities found in the two states when pooled by genus, but these differences were not significant. While cotton is grown in highly managed and disturbed landscapes, our data suggest that a community of common generalist native pollinators persists. Many of these species are also found in other cropping systems across North America.
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Soleño J, Parra-Morales LB, Cichón L, Garrido S, Guiñazú N, Montagna CM. Occurrence of pyrethroid resistance mutation in Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) throughout Argentina. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:201-206. [PMID: 31439057 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid insecticides were intensively used against Cydia pomonella in the Río Negro and Neuquén valley, main production area of pome fruits in Argentina. Therefore, the first objective was to evaluate lambda-cyhalothrin resistance levels in C. pomonella larvae from orchards in this area that are currently under pyrethroids treatments. The second objective was to evaluate the frequency of kdr mutation in C. pomonella across Argentina. High levels of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios > 30) were determined in all the populations evaluated. The L1014F (kdr) mutation was evaluated in 355 diapausing larvae collected in 12 orchards from San Juan to Santa Cruz provinces (1690 km away from each other). The highest frequency of kdr mutation was determined in larvae from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley (0.61), followed by those from Mendoza (0.36). The kdr allele was absent or present at very low frequencies in orchards subjected to low pyrethroid pressure. The frequency of detection of kdr mutation in C. pomonella from Argentina is related to the use of pyrethroids against this pest in different areas. Target-site insensitivity is, at least, one of the mechanisms involved in resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in codling moth from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Soleño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - L B Parra-Morales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente y la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - L Cichón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Alto Valle, General Roca, Argentina
| | - S Garrido
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Alto Valle, General Roca, Argentina
| | - N Guiñazú
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente y la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - C M Montagna
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (CITAAC)-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente y la Salud, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén, Argentina
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Huang X, Lv M, Xu H. Semisynthesis of novel N-acyl/sulfonyl derivatives of 5(3,5)-(di)halogenocytisines/cytisine and their pesticidal activities against Mythimna separata Walker, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, and Sitobion avenae Fabricius. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2598-2609. [PMID: 30740869 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To discover novel natural product-based pesticidal agents for crop protection, a series of N-acyl/sulfonyl derivatives of 5(3,5)-(di)halogenocytisines/cytisine were prepared by structural modifications of cytisine. Their pesticidal activities were evaluated against three typically crop-threatening agricultural pests, Mythimna separata Walker, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, and Sitobion avenae Fabricius. RESULTS Compound 5f exhibited the promising pesticidal activities against three tested pests. All N-phenylsulfonylcytisine derivatives showed potent acaricidal activity. Compound 5j exhibited 2.5-fold more potent acaricidal activity than cytisine, and showed good control effects. Intermediates 2, and 3/3' displayed pronounced aphicidal activity. Some interesting results of structure-activity relationships were also obtained. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that compounds 5f and 5j could be further modified as pesticidal agents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Huang
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Lv
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China
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Xu M, Xu J, Hao M, Zhang K, Lv M, Xu H. Evaluation of andrographolide-based analogs derived from Andrographis paniculata against Mythimna separata Walker and Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dara SK, Peck D, Murray D. Chemical and Non-Chemical Options for Managing Twospotted Spider Mite, Western Tarnished Plant Bug and Other Arthropod Pests in Strawberries. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040156. [PMID: 30388768 PMCID: PMC6316816 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
California strawberries have two major arthropod pests—the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus, which result in significant losses to the yield and quality of marketable berries. Other important insect pests that are frequently seen in strawberry include the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis that cause varying levels of damage depending on the level of infestation. Chemical pesticides play a major role in managing these pests but not without the associated risk of pesticide resistance and environmental safety. Two field studies were conducted in commercial strawberry fields in Santa Maria, one of the strawberry growing areas in California Central Coast, to determine the efficacy of chemical, botanical and microbial pesticides in the integrated pest management (IPM) of strawberry. Chemical, botanical and microbial pesticides were evaluated against T. urticae in a small plot study in 2013 and against L. hesperus and other insect pests in a large plot study in 2015 in commercial strawberry fields. Bug vacuums were also used in the 2015 study. Results demonstrated that non-chemical alternatives can play an important role in strawberry IPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra K Dara
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, USA.
| | - David Peck
- Manzanita Berry Farms, Santa Maria, CA 93456, USA.
| | - Dave Murray
- Sundance Berry Farms, Santa Maria, CA 95076, USA.
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