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Zhu Y, Stahl A, Rostás M, Will T. Temporal and species-specific resistance of sugar beet to green peach aphid and black bean aphid: mechanisms and implications for breeding. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:404-413. [PMID: 37708325 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris), a key crop for sugar production, faces significant yield losses caused by the black bean aphid Aphis fabae (Scop.) and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), which also transmits viruses. The restriction on neonicotinoid usage in Europe has intensified this problem, emphasizing the urgent need for breeding resistant crop varieties. This study evaluated 26 sugar beet germplasms for resistance against both aphid species by using performance and feeding behavior assays. Additionally, whole plant bioassays and semi-field experiments were carried out with Myzus persicae. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate the presence of temporal resistance against both aphid species in the primary sugar beet gene pool. Beet yellows virus (BYV) carrying aphids showed enhanced performance. Different levels of plant defense mechanisms were involved including resistance against Myzus persicae before reaching the phloem, particularly in sugar beet line G3. In contrast, resistance against Aphis fabae turned out to be predominately phloem-located. Furthermore, a high incidence of black inclusion bodies inside the stomach of Myzus persicae was observed for approximately 85% of the plant genotypes tested, indicating a general and strong incompatibility between sugar beet and Myzus persicae in an initial phase of interaction. CONCLUSION Sugar beet resistance against aphids involved different mechanisms and is species-specific. The identification of these mechanisms and interactions represents a crucial milestone in advancing the breeding of sugar beet varieties with improved resistance. © 2023 Julius Kühn-Institut and The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Zhu
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rostás
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
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Forchibe EE, Fening KO, Vershiyi DT, Cobblah AM, Afreh-Nuamah K. Comparative bionomics and life table studies of Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on three cabbage varieties. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:380-388. [PMID: 36896977 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485323000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae (Davis) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) are important pests of brassica crops, causing significant yield losses on cabbage in Ghana. To inform the development of ecologically sound and sustainable pest management strategies for these pests, their biological and population growth parameters were studied on three cabbage varieties (Oxylus, Fortune, and Leadercross). The study was conducted in a screen house under ambient conditions at 30 ± 1°C and 75 ± 5% RH and 12:12 h photoperiod from September to November 2020. The parameters of the preadult developmental period, survival rates, longevity, reproduction, and life table were evaluated following the female age-specific life table. There were significant differences in the nymphal developmental time, longevity, and fecundity on the cabbage varieties for both aphid species. The highest population growth parameters, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase r, and finite rate of increase (λ) were recorded on Oxylus variety for both L. e. pseudobrassicae and M. persicae. The lowest was recorded on Leadercross variety for L.e pseudobrassicae and Fortune for M. persicae. The results from this study suggest that Leadercross is a less suitable host for L. e. pseudobrassicae and Fortune for M. persicae, thus, should be considered as less susceptible varieties for use in primary pest management by small-scale farmers or as a component of an integrated pest management strategy for these pests on cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Forchibe
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - K O Fening
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - D T Vershiyi
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - A M Cobblah
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - K Afreh-Nuamah
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Forest and Horticultural Research Centre (FOHCREC), School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Maharjan R, Hong S, Ahn J, Yoon Y, Jang Y, Kim J, Lee M, Park K, Yi H. Temperature and Host Plant Impacts on the Development of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Linear and Nonlinear Modeling. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050412. [PMID: 37233040 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most serious pests in field crops, vegetables, and ornamentals. Temperatures (15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 35, and 40 °C), host plants (soybean (Glycine max (L.)), maize (Zea mays L.), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & H. Ohashi,), and the artificial diet-dependent developmental parameters and survival of S. litura were examined in this study. Stage-specific parameters such as threshold development temperature (LDT) and thermal constant (K) (Degree day (DD)) were determined by linear and nonlinear models (Sharpe-Schoolfield-Ikemoto), respectively. The total developmental time (egg-adult) decreased with increasing temperature on host plants and with an artificial diet. The total immature developmental time varied from 106.29, 107.57, 130.40, 111.82, and 103.66 days at 15 °C to 22.47, 21.25, 25.31, 18.30, and 22.50 days at 35 °C on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. The LDT for the total immature completion was 7.50, 9.48, 11.44, 12.32, and 7.95 °C on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. The K for the total immature completion was 587.88, 536.84, 517.45, 419.44, and 586.95 DD on soybean, maize, groundnut, azuki bean, and artificial diet, respectively. Temperature and host plant interaction also influenced the longevity and survival of adults. The findings of this study can be used to predict the number of generations, spring emergence, and population dynamics of S. litura. The nutrient content analysis of the host plants is discussed in terms of the developmental patterns of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameswor Maharjan
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Hong
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjoon Ahn
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63240, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Yoon
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunwoo Jang
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungin Kim
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghee Lee
- Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Kido Park
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwijong Yi
- Crop Production Technology Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea
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Argandona JA, Kim D, Hansen AK. Comparative transcriptomics of aphid species that diverged > 22 MYA reveals genes that are important for the maintenance of their symbiosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5341. [PMID: 37005434 PMCID: PMC10067822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Most plant-sap feeding insects have obligate relationships with maternally transmitted bacteria. Aphids require their nutritional endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, for the production of essential amino acids. Such endosymbionts are harbored inside of specialized insect cells called bacteriocytes. Here, we use comparative transcriptomics of bacteriocytes between two recently diverged aphid species, Myzus persicae and Acyrthosiphon pisum, to identify key genes that are important for the maintenance of their nutritional mutualism. The majority of genes with conserved expression profiles in M. persicae and A. pisum are for orthologs previously identified in A. pisum to be important for the symbiosis. However, asparaginase which produces aspartate from asparagine was significantly up-regulated only in A. pisum bacteriocytes, potentially because Buchnera of M. persicae encodes its own asparaginase enzyme unlike Buchnera of A. pisum resulting in Buchnera of A. pisum to be dependent on its aphid host for aspartate. One-to-one orthologs that explained the most amount of variation for bacteriocyte specific mRNA expression for both species includes a collaborative gene for methionine biosynthesis, multiple transporters, a horizontally transmitted gene, and secreted proteins. Finally, we highlight species-specific gene clusters which may contribute to host adaptations and/or accommodations in gene regulation to changes in the symbiont or the symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Argandona
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Dohyup Kim
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Allison K Hansen
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Zhang KX, Li HY, Quandahor P, Gou YP, Li CC, Zhang QY, Haq IU, Ma Y, Liu CZ. Responses of Six Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum) to Wheat Aphid (Sitobion avenae) Infestation. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060508. [PMID: 35735845 PMCID: PMC9225215 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Sitobion avenae Fabricius is an important wheat aphid species in China, causing significant losses to wheat production. Improving host-plant resistance is an effective and environmentally friendly method of aphid control. Sitobion avenae resistance and the total phenolic and flavonoid content accumulation of six wheat cultivars to S. avenae infestation were investigated to elucidate responses of six wheat varieties against S. avenae. Among the six tested wheat cultivars, Yongliang No.15 and Ganchun No.18 demonstrated high resistance to S. avenae. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between total phenol and flavonoid content accumulation and developmental duration (DD), and a negative relationship between accumulation and weight gain (WG) and mean relative growth rate (MRGR). The correlation between flavonoid and biological parameters was statistically stronger than total phenol. Our findings could serve as a theoretical basis for further research into the resistance mechanism of wheat varieties to S. avenae. Abstract Resistant variety screening is widely recommended for the management of Sitobion avenae. The purpose of this study was to assess responses of six wheat varieties (lines) to S. avenae. The aphid quantity ratio (AQR) was used to assess S. avenae resistance. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to perform a correlation analysis between AQR, biological parameters, and the accumulation of total phenolic and flavonoid content. When compared to the other cultivars, the results showed that two cultivars, Yongliang No.15 and Ganchun No.18, had high resistance against S. avenae. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between total phenol and flavonoid content accumulation and developmental duration (DD), and a negative relationship between accumulation and weight gain (WG) and mean relative growth rate (MRGR). The correlation between flavonoid and biological parameters was statistically stronger than the correlation between total phenol and biological parameters. This research provides critical cues for screening and improving aphid-resistant wheat varieties in the field and will aid in our understanding of the resistance mechanism of wheat varieties against S. avenae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.-X.Z.); (Y.-P.G.); (C.-C.L.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (I.U.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Wuwei Shiyanghe Forestry General Field, Wuwei 733000, China;
| | - Peter Quandahor
- CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale P.O. Box TL 52, Ghana;
| | - Yu-Ping Gou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.-X.Z.); (Y.-P.G.); (C.-C.L.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (I.U.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Chun-Chun Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.-X.Z.); (Y.-P.G.); (C.-C.L.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (I.U.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Qiang-Yan Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.-X.Z.); (Y.-P.G.); (C.-C.L.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (I.U.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.-X.Z.); (Y.-P.G.); (C.-C.L.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (I.U.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yue Ma
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.-X.Z.); (Y.-P.G.); (C.-C.L.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (I.U.H.); (Y.M.)
| | - Chang-Zhong Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (K.-X.Z.); (Y.-P.G.); (C.-C.L.); (Q.-Y.Z.); (I.U.H.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Rahman S, Zhao Z, Umair Sial M, Zhang Y, Jiang H. Case Study Using Recommended Reference Genes Actin and 18S for Reverse-Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis in Myzus persicae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258201. [PMID: 34669698 PMCID: PMC8528319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myzus persicae is a globally important pest with the ability to adjust to a wide range of environmental situations, and many molecular technologies have been developed and applied to understand the biology and/or control this pest insect directly. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) is a primary molecular technology that is used to quantify gene expression. Choosing a stable reference gene is significantly important for precisely clarifying the expression level of the target gene. Actin and 18S have been recommended as stable compounds for real-time RT-qPCR in M. persicae under the tested biotic and abiotic conditions. In this study, we checked the stability of Actin and 18S by analyzing the relative expression levels of the cytochrome 450 monooxygenase family member genes CYP6CY3 and CYP6-1, carboxylesterase gene E4 and vacuolar protein sorting gene VPS11 via RT-qPCR under various conditions. The expression levels of these four target genes were normalized using both Actin and 18S individually and the combination of these two genes. Our results confirmed that Actin and 18S can be used as reference genes to normalize the expression of target genes under insecticide treatment and starvation in M. persicae. However, at the developmental stages of M. persicae, the expression of the four tested target genes was normalized stably by Actin but not 18S, with the latter presenting a problematic change with the developmental stages. Thus, the stability of reference genes in response to diverse biotic and abiotic factors should be evaluated before each RT-qPCR experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Rahman
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Muhammad Umair Sial
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Di XY, Yan B, Wu CX, Yu XF, Liu JF, Yang MF. Does Larval Rearing Diet Lead to Premating Isolation in Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)? INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030203. [PMID: 33673724 PMCID: PMC7997327 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a serious polyphagous pest. Most studies focus on the effects of natural hosts on S. litura. However, progressively more laboratory studies S. litura involve feeding the larvae with an artificial diet. We compared the life performance and observed mating choice of S. litura reared on tobacco, Chinese cabbage, and an artificial diet. The results revealed that diet had a significant effect on the duration of each stage of development. In the multiple-choice test with individual males consuming tobacco, Chinese cabbage, or an artificial diet, females fed on the artificial diet preferred to mate with males that were fed on the same diet and rarely mated with males fed on tobacco or Chinese cabbage. We suggest that the diet of S. litura has a potential impact on mate choice and sexual isolation. Abstract Host plant preference during the larval stage may help shape not only phenotypic plasticity but also behavioral isolation. We assessed the effects of diet on population parameters and mate choice in Spodoptera litura. We raised larvae fed on tobacco, Chinese cabbage, or an artificial diet, and we observed the shortest developmental time and highest fecundity in individuals fed the artificial diet. However, survival rates were higher for larvae on either of the natural diets. Population parameters including intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were significantly higher with the artificial diet, but this diet led to a lower mean generation time. Copulation duration, copulation time, and number of eggs reared significantly differed between diets. In terms of mate choice, females on the artificial diet rarely mated with males fed on a natural host. Our results support the hypothesis that different diets may promote behavioral isolation, affecting mating outcomes. Thus, findings for populations fed an artificial diet may not reflect findings for populations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yuan Di
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.-Y.D.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bin Yan
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.-Y.D.); (B.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Xu Wu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Xiao-Fei Yu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.-Y.D.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.-F.L.); (M.-F.Y.)
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.-Y.D.); (B.Y.)
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (J.-F.L.); (M.-F.Y.)
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Consuming Parasitized Aphids Alters the Life History and Decreases Predation Rate of Aphid Predator. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120889. [PMID: 33348605 PMCID: PMC7765817 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Intraguild predation is a common phenomenon between predators and parasitoids. Despite numerous studies on the performance of intraguild predators by consuming on intraguild prey, the entire two-sex life table and predation rates of intraguild predators fed on intraguild prey remain poorly known. In this study, we investigated the effect of parasitized Myzus persicae aphids by Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) on the entire two-sex life table and predation rates of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani). Our results showed that feeding on parasitized aphids did not influence the survival rates of immature A. aphidimyza individuals but significantly increased the development time of A. aphidimyza individuals and markedly reduced their longevity. The predation rate of immature A. aphidimyza individuals was also adversely affected by feeding on parasitized aphids. These results provide basic data for the potential use of A. aphidimyza in combination with A. gifuensis in M. persicae control programs. Abstract Intraguild predation interactions have substantial theoretical and practical implications for the dynamics of natural competitor populations used for biological control. Intraguild predation on parasitized aphids not only has a direct, negative effect on the parasitoid species, but it may indirectly influence the predator’s development, survival, reproduction and predation rates. In this study, we used two-sex life table theory, life table parameters and predation rates of Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) to compare when its populations fed on aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) that were either unparasitized or parasitized by Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Our results showed that individuals of A. aphidimyza were capable of completing their development and attaining maturity when they fed on parasitized aphids. Although feeding on parasitized aphids did not influence the survival rates of immature A. aphidimyza, it did significantly slow their development and extended their longevity, thereby reducing the fecundity and predation rates of A. aphidimyza. These findings may be pivotal for better understanding the sustained coexistence of predators with parasitoids in the biological control of aphids.
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Hong F, Mo SH, Lin XY, Niu J, Yin J, Wei D. The PacBio Full-Length Transcriptome of the Tea Aphid as a Reference Resource. Front Genet 2020; 11:558394. [PMID: 33304379 PMCID: PMC7693467 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.558394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tea aphid, Aphis aurantii, has become one of the destructive pests in tea plantations in the tropics and subtropics. Very few functional studies have so far focused on the developmental and reproductive biology at a molecular level, because of the lack of comprehensive genetic information. Full-length transcriptomes represent a very highly efficient approach to obtain reference gene sequences in non-model insects. In the present study, the transcriptome of A. aurantii was comprehensively sequenced using PacBio Iso-Seq technology. A total of 46.8 Gb nucleotides and 15,938 non-redundant full-length transcripts were obtained, 13,498 (84.69%) of which were annotated into seven databases. Of these transcripts, 2,029 alternative splicing events and 15,223 simple sequence repeats were detected. Among these transcripts, 4,571 (28.68%) and 11,367 (71.32%) were long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and protein-coding genes, respectively. Five hundred and ninety transcription factors were detected. The first full-length transcriptome represents a significant increase in the known genetic information of A. aurantii. It will assist the future functional study of genes involved in its development and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- College of Agriculture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si-Hua Mo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing-Yu Lin
- College of Agriculture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Yin
- College of Agriculture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Prince G, Chandler D. Susceptibility of Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne brassicae and Nasonovia ribisnigri to Fungal Biopesticides in Laboratory and Field Experiments. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11010055. [PMID: 31963410 PMCID: PMC7022964 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) for the control of aphid pests of field vegetable crops. Four biopesticides based on the EPF Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard ES and Naturalis L), Cordyceps fumosorosea s.l. (Preferal WG), and Akanthomyces dipterigenus (Vertalec) were evaluated in a laboratory bioassay against peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, and currant-lettuce aphid Nasonoviaribisnigri. There was significant variation in the spore dose provided by the products, with Botanigard ES producing the highest dose (639 viable spores per mm2). Botanigard ES also caused more mortality than the other products. Combining Vertalec with the vegetable oil-based adjuvant Addit had an additive effect on the mortality of B.brassicae. All fungal products reduced the number of progeny produced by M. persicae but there was no effect with B. brassicae or N. ribisnigri. When aphid nymphs were treated with Botanigard ES and Preferal WG, both products reduced population development, with up to 86% reduction occurring for Botanigard ES against M. persicae. In a field experiment, Botanigard ES sprayed twice, at seven-day intervals, against B. brassicae on cabbage plants, reduced aphid numbers by 73%. In a second field experiment with B. brassicae, M. persicae, and N. ribisnigri, Botanigard ES reduced populations of B. brassicae and N. ribisnigri but there was no significant effect on M. persicae.
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