1
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Lin L, van der Meer EKO, Steeghs N, Beijnen JH, Huitema ADR. Are novel oral oncolytics underdosed in obese patients? Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:129-136. [PMID: 37906253 PMCID: PMC10853358 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data on the effects of obesity on drug exposure of oral targeted oncolytics is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of body weight and body mass index (BMI) on trough levels of oral oncolytics with an exposure-response relationship. The oral oncolytics of interest were abiraterone, alectinib, cabozantinib, crizotinib, imatinib, pazopanib, sunitinib and trametinib. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients treated with the selected oral oncolytics at the standard dose, with a measured trough level at steady state and with available body weight. The Spearman's correlation test was used to determine the correlation between body weight and trough levels. The Fisher's exact text was used to compare the frequency of inadequate trough levels between BMI categories. RESULTS 1265 patients were included across the different oral oncolytics. A negative correlation coefficient was observed between weight and trough levels for crizotinib (n = 75), imatinib (n = 201) and trametinib (n = 310), respectively, ρ = - 0.41, ρ = - 0.24 and ρ = - 0.23, all with a p-value < 0.001. For crizotinib, a higher percentage of patients with a body weight > 100 kg had inadequate trough levels. No statistically significant differences were observed in the frequency of inadequate trough levels between BMI categories. CONCLUSION Higher body weight was only correlated with lower plasma trough levels for crizotinib, imatinib, and trametinib. Therefore, patients with a high body weight may require dose escalation to obtain adequate target levels when treated with these oral oncolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen K O van der Meer
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Moinard-Butot F, Nannini S, Fischbach C, Abdallahoui S, Demarchi M, Petit T, Bender L, Schott R. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Neutropenia: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4940. [PMID: 37894307 PMCID: PMC10605921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers with ALK rearrangement represent less than 5% of all lung cancers. ALK inhibitors are currently used to treat first-line metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with ALK rearrangement. Compared to chemotherapy, ALK inhibitors have improved progression-free survival, overall survival, and quality of life for patients. The results of several phase 3 studies with a follow-up of over 6 years suggest that the life expectancy of these patients treated with targeted therapies is significantly higher than 5 years and could approach 10 years. Nevertheless, these treatments induce haematological toxicities, including neutropenia. Few data are available on neutropenia induced by ALK inhibitors and on the pathophysiological mechanism and therapeutic adaptations necessary to continue the treatment. Given the high efficacy of these treatments, managing side effects to avoid treatment interruptions is essential. Here, we have reviewed the data from published clinical studies and case reports to provide an overview of neutropenia induced by ALK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roland Schott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, 67033 Strasbourg, France; (F.M.-B.); (S.N.); (C.F.); (S.A.); (M.D.); (T.P.); (L.B.)
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3
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George S, Shahi SR, Ali Z, Abaza A, Jamil A, Gutlapalli SD, Ali M, Oble MJP, Sonia SN, Hamid P. Adverse Side Effects of Crizotinib in the Treatment of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45517. [PMID: 37868485 PMCID: PMC10585412 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with the majority consisting of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genetic mutations present an opportunity for targeted therapy, in addition to current mainstay treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Overall, 5% of NSCLCs have an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation, often prevalent in a younger population. Crizotinib is an ALK inhibitor that was approved to treat ALK-mutated advanced NSCLC. While common side effects such as nausea, fatigue, and diarrhea are mostly well tolerated, adverse side effects can lead to treatment discontinuation or adjustment or can be fatal. This systematic review used articles searched on Google Scholar and PubMed which were assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This yielded nine papers consisting of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Side effects resulting in cessation of treatment or dose reduction included liver dysfunction, nausea, neutropenia, and QT prolongation. This review showed that crizotinib has a better side effect profile than chemotherapy in ALK-positive NSCLC, even though toxicities leading to treatment withdrawal are present. Adverse effects were tackled by dose reduction, temporary withdrawal from treatment, and close monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherie George
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Srushti R Shahi
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zahra Ali
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Abaza
- Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aneeque Jamil
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sai Dheeraj Gutlapalli
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Marya Ali
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mrinal J P Oble
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shamsun Nahar Sonia
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pousette Hamid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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4
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Wang B, Qiang W, Yi J, Gao S, Meng B, Mu Y, Wang B, Wang Z, Tao X. Simultaneous quantification of thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomadomide in plasma by LC-MS/MS. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 120:107250. [PMID: 36627002 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a new method for quantitatively analyzing three immunomodulators (thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomadomide) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). METHODS Using thalidomide-d4 as internal standard, the three analytes were separated on Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm, Agilent, USA) column and monitored in multiple reactions monitoring mode in Agilent G6460A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive ionization mode. The sample was pretreated by protein precipitation using methanol at 3-fold volume to sample. The mobile phase was comprised of 0.1% formic acid in water (phase A) and acetonitrile (phase B) and was delivered in gradient elution program. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, and the injection volume was 5 μL. RESULTS The accuracy and stability of the method are within ±15.0%, and the precision is not >15.0%. The recoveries were 85.04% ∼ 119.07%, and the matrix effect was 73.68% ∼ 116.75%. Specificity, linearity, LLOQ, carry-over and dilution were all in line with the requirements of pharmacopeia and guidelines. The peak concentrations of thalidomide, lenalidomide shows huge inter-individual differences. CONCLUSIONS This newly developed method was sensitive, simple, and robust and can be used in therapeutic drug monitoring of three immunomodulators in multiple myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China; School of Chemistry and Biology, Yichun College, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province 336000, China
| | - Wanting Qiang
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jia Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming City, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Bosu Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming City, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Yuhui Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming City, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Bolong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biology, Yichun College, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province 336000, China.
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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5
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Identification of ALK-positive patients with advanced NSCLC and real-world clinical experience with crizotinib in Spain (IDEALK study). Lung Cancer 2022; 173:83-93. [PMID: 36162227 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of ALK translocations in patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC in Spain, to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatment with crizotinib in a real-world setting. METHODS This is an observational prospective and retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence of ALK translocations and to analyze the effectiveness and safety of crizotinib in a real-world setting. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns, time to best overall response, duration of treatment, objective response rates (ORR), rates of adverse events (AE), progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in the ALK study cohort of patients treated with crizotinib (prospective and retrospective). ALK incidence and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were measured from patients included in the prospective cohort. RESULTS The incidence of ALK translocations was 5.5 % (31 of 559 patients). Compared with ALK-negative patients, ALK-positive patients were significantly younger, predominantly female, and non-smokers. In the crizotinib effectiveness and safety study, 91 patients (42 prospective, 49 retrospective) with ALK-positive NSCLC (43.9 % in first-line, 56.1 % in second or more lines) were included. The ORR was 59.3 % and the median duration of response was 13.5 months (IQR, 5.3-26.2). The median PFS was 15.8 months (95 % CI, 11.8-22.3) and the median OS was 46.5 months, with 53 patients (58.2 %) still alive at data cut-off date. Frequently reported AEs included elevated transaminases, gastrointestinal disorders, and asthenia. Most patients (76.5 %) reported improved or stable scores for global QoL during treatment. CONCLUSIONS The observed incidence of ALK translocations in NSCLC patients is aligned with published reports. This analysis of the real-world clinical experience in Spain confirms the therapeutic benefit and safety of crizotinib in advanced/metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC. CLINICALTRIALS gov: NCT02679170.
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6
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Christofyllakis K, Monteiro AR, Cetin O, Kos IA, Greystoke A, Luciani A. Biomarker guided treatment in oncogene-driven advanced non-small cell lung cancer in older adults: A Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology Report. J Geriatr Oncol 2022; 13:1071-1083. [PMID: 35525790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with most patients diagnosed at an advanced age. The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been revolutionized with the introduction of molecular guided therapy. Despites the challenges when considering treatment of older adults, they are still systematically underrepresented in registrational trials. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence on treatment of older patients with lung cancer with a targetable driver mutation or alteration (EGFR, ALK, ROS, BRAFV600E, MET, RET, KRASG12C and NTRK), and consider the evidence from a geriatric oncology perspective. Early generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs are fairly well-studied in older adults and have been shown to be safe and efficient. However, older adult-specific data regarding the standard-of-care first-line agent osimertinib are lacking. Erlotinib, dacomitinib, and afatinib may be more toxic than other EGFR-TKIs. Next generation ALK-TKIs are preferred over crizotinib due to increased efficacy, as demonstrated in phase III trials. Alectinib seems to be safer than crizotinib, while brigatinib is associated with increased toxicity. Lorlatinib overcomes most resistance mutations, but data regarding this agent have only recently emerged. Regarding ROS1-fusion positive NSCLC, crizotinib is an option in older adults, while entrectinib is similarly effective but shows increased neurotoxicity. In BRAFV600E-mutant NSCLC, the combination darbafenib/tramectinib is effective, but no safety data for older adults exist. MET alterations can be targeted with capmatinib and tepotinib, and registrational trials included primarily older patients, due to the association of this alteration with advanced age. For RET-rearranged-NSCLC selpercatinib and pralsetinib are approved, and no differences in safety or efficacy between older and younger patients were shown. KRASG12C mutations, which are more frequent in older adults, became recently druggable with sotorasib, and advanced age does not seem to affect safety or efficacy. In NTRK-fusion positive tumors, larotrectinib and entrectinib have tumor agnostic approval, however, not enough data on older patients are available. Based on currently available data, molecularly-guided therapy for most alterations is safe and efficacious in older adults with oncogene-driven advanced NSCLC. However, for many TKIs, older adult-specific data are lacking, and should be subject of future prospective evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Christofyllakis
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Ana Raquel Monteiro
- Medical Oncology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Multidisciplinary Thoracic Tumors Unit - Pulmonology Department, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Center, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Onur Cetin
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Igor Age Kos
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alastair Greystoke
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NHS Foundation trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Andrea Luciani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale di Treviglio- ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, Italy
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7
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Liu LF, Deng JY, Lizaso A, Lin J, Sun S. Effective response to crizotinib of concurrent KIF5B-MET and MET- CDR2-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2529-2536. [PMID: 35434049 PMCID: PMC8968612 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i8.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the rarity of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) fusions, the clinical efficacy of crizotinib has only been described in a few patients with MET fusions involving various fusion partners. Herein, we report the clinical response to crizotinib of a patient with advanced poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) having concurrent MET fusions.
CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old woman was diagnosed with poorly differentiated NSCLC (T4N3M1). With no classic driver mutations, she was treated with two cycles of gemcitabine and cisplatin without clinical benefit. Targeted sequencing revealed the detection of two concurrent MET fusions, KIF5B-MET and novel MET-CDR2. Crizotinib was initiated at a dose of 250 mg twice daily. Within 4 wk of crizotinib therapy, repeat computed chromatography revealed a dramatic reduction in primary and metastatic lesions, assessed as partial response. She continued to benefit from crizotinib for 3 mo until disease progression and died within 1 mo despite receiving nivolumab therapy.
CONCLUSION Crizotinib sensitivity was observed in an advanced poorly differentiated NSCLC patient with concurrent MET fusions KIF5B-MET and MET-CDR2. Crizotinib can serve as a therapeutic option for patients with MET fusions. In addition, our case also highlights the importance of comprehensive genomic profiling particularly in patients with no classic driver mutation for guiding alternative therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Fang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang 215600, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Ying Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Analyn Lizaso
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Spencer AS, da Silva Dias D, Capelas ML, Pimentel F, Santos T, Neves PM, Mäkitie A, Ravasco P. Managing Severe Dysgeusia and Dysosmia in Lung Cancer Patients: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:774081. [PMID: 34881185 PMCID: PMC8646025 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.774081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer (LC) is highly prevalent worldwide, with elevated mortality. In this population, taste and smell alterations (TSAs) are frequent but overlooked symptoms. The absence of effective therapeutic strategies and evidence-based guidelines constrain TSAs’ early recognition, prevention and treatment (Tx), promoting cancer-related malnutrition and jeopardizing survival outcomes and quality of life. Objectives To systematically review the literature on TSAs in LC patients, understand the physiopathology, identify potential preventive and Tx strategies and to further encourage research in this area. Methods Literature search on English language articles indexed to PubMed, CINALH, SCOPUS and Web of Science using MeSH terms “Lung neoplasms”,”Dysgeusia”, “Olfaction Disorders”, “Carcinoma, Small Cell”,”Carcinoma, Non- Small-Cell Lung “Adenocarcinoma of Lung”,”Carcinoma, Large Cell”, and non-MeSH terms “Parageusia”, “Altered Taste”, “Smell Disorder”, “Paraosmia”, “Dysosmia”,”Lung Cancer” and “Oat Cell Carcinoma”. Results Thirty-four articles were reviewed. TSAs may follow the diagnosis of LC or develop during cancer Tx. The estimated prevalence of self-reported dysgeusia is 35-38% in treatment-naïve LC patients, and 35-69% in those undergoing Tx, based on studies involving LC patients only. One prospective pilot trial and 1 RCT demonstrated a clinically significant benefit in combining flavor enhancement, smell and taste training and individualized nutritional counselling; a systematic review, 1 RCT and 1 retrospective study favored using intravenous or oral zinc-based solutions (150mg 2-3 times a day) for the prevention and Tx of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) -induced mucositis and subsequent dysgeusia. Conclusions This is the first review on dysgeusia and dysosmia in LC patients to our knowledge. We propose combining taste and smell training, personalized dietary counselling and flavor enhancement with oral zinc-based solutions (150mg, 2-3 times a day) during CT and/or RT in this population, in order to prevent and help ameliorate Tx-induced dysgeusia and mucositis. However due to study heterogeneity, the results should be interpreted with caution. Developing standardized TSA measurement tools and performing prospective randomized controlled trials to evaluate their effect are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Spencer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David da Silva Dias
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Hospital de Faro, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,CatolicaMed Platform of of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Luís Capelas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Institute of Health Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Teresa Santos
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,CatolicaMed Platform of of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,European University, Lisbon, Portugal.,Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Miguel Neves
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,CatolicaMed Platform of of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Ravasco
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,CatolicaMed Platform of of Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), Lisbon, Portugal.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
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9
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Simultaneous and Rapid Determination of Six Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using HPLC-MS/MS. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:5524361. [PMID: 34567122 PMCID: PMC8463214 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5524361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop a new method for quantitatively analyzing six tyrosine kinase inhibitors (gefitinib, erlotinib, icotinib, afatinib, osimertinib, and crizotinib) used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The analytes were detected in the selected reaction monitoring mode on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with the positive ionization mode. Carbamazepine was utilized as the internal standard. The pretreatment of the plasma sample was completed based on protein precipitation with acetonitrile, and the analytes were separated on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 reversed-phase column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm, Agilent, USA) using gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water (phase A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (phase B). The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min, and the injection volume was 5 μL. The column temperature was set and maintained at 35°C. Results The calibration curves were linear over the range from 5.0 to 1000.0 ng/mL for gefitinib, crizotinib, and osimertinib; from 50.0 to 4000.0 ng/mL for icotinib and erlotinib; and from 5.0 to 400.0 ng/mL for afatinib. Linear correlation coefficients were >0.990 for all regression curves. The intra- and interday accuracy and precision of the method were within ±15.0% and not more than 15.0%, respectively. The mean recovery of all the analytes ranged from 70.18% to 110.76%, the matrix effect was from 88.85% to 127.58%, and stability was within ±15.0%. Conclusion This newly developed method was sensitive, simple, and robust and could be used in therapeutic drug monitoring of six tyrosine kinase inhibitors in NSCLC patients.
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10
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Dall'Olio FG, Maggio I, Massucci M, Mollica V, Fragomeno B, Ardizzoni A. ECOG performance status ≥2 as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors-A systematic review and meta-analysis of real world data. Lung Cancer 2020; 145:95-104. [PMID: 32417680 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ICIs have been approved and are routinely administered regardless of performance status (PS), despite randomized clinical trials of ICIs alone or combined with chemotherapy or target therapy enrolled patients with ECOG PS 0 or 1, while patients with ECOG PS 2 or more were excluded. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a meta-analysis of available clinical studies exploring the prognostic impact of PS ≥ 2 on Overall Survival (OS), Progression Free Survival (PFS) or Overall Response Rate (ORR) in patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy (any line). RESULTS We reviewed 19 studies, comprising 3600 NSCLC patients, 757 of whom with ECOG PS > 1 (average 21.0%, range 6.0-48.6%). In the overall population PS ≥ 2 resulted in worse OS, PFS and ORR (OS pooled hazard ratio of 2.72; 95% CI: 2.03-3.63; I2 72.70%, p < 0.001; PFS pooled hazard ratio of 2.39; 95% CI 1.81-3.15, p < 0.0001; I2 73.03%; ORR pooled odds ratio 0.25; 95% CI 0.11-0.56, p 0.001; I2 0.00%). CONCLUSION ECOG PS ≥ 2 retains an important prognostic validity in patients treated with ICI similar, in terms of effect size, to that reported for chemotherapy in NSCLC. The high level of heterogeneity for OS and PFS analysis (but not for ORR), not completely explained by the different proportion of ECOG 3-4 patients (ranging from 0% to 50% of the PS ≥ 2 population), could be the result of both patient heterogeneity within the PS 2 population and the subjectivity of ECOG PS assessment. Whether poorer PS is also a predictor of lower immunotherapy efficacy remains still to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo G Dall'Olio
- Sant'Orsola Malpighi Teaching Hospital - University of Bologna, Medical Oncology Unit, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Maggio
- Sant'Orsola Malpighi Teaching Hospital - University of Bologna, Medical Oncology Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Massucci
- Sant'Orsola Malpighi Teaching Hospital - University of Bologna, Medical Oncology Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Sant'Orsola Malpighi Teaching Hospital - University of Bologna, Medical Oncology Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fragomeno
- Sant'Orsola Malpighi Teaching Hospital - University of Bologna, Medical Oncology Unit, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Sant'Orsola Malpighi Teaching Hospital - University of Bologna, Medical Oncology Unit, Bologna, Italy
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