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Mirra P, Raciti GA, Nigro C, Fiory F, D'Esposito V, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C. Circulating miRNAs as intercellular messengers, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for Type 2 diabetes. Epigenomics 2016; 7:653-67. [PMID: 26111035 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as key epigenetic regulators of metabolism. Their deregulation contributes to metabolic abnormalities, proposing their potential role as therapeutic targets for Type 2 diabetes. The exciting finding that miRNAs exist in the bloodstream suggests that circulating miRNAs may act in a hormone-like fashion. Despite the fact that significant progress has been made in understanding circulating miRNAs, this topic is full of complexities and many questions remain unanswered. The goal of this review is to bring together up-to-date knowledge about circulating miRNAs and their role as intercellular communicators as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in metabolic diseases, providing examples of possible clinical applications for circulating miRNAs in diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mirra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Fiory
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali dell'Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,URT dell'Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale 'Gaetano Salvatore', Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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Palacios-Ortega S, Varela-Guruceaga M, Martínez JA, de Miguel C, Milagro FI. Effects of high glucose on caveolin-1 and insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocyte 2016; 5:65-80. [PMID: 27144098 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1122856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations exhibit impaired metabolic function, including an increase of oxidative and proinflammatory factors that might favor the development of insulin resistance. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a key mediator of the insulin transduction pathway whose expression is significantly enhanced during adipocyte differentiation. In this work, we studied the effects of high glucose concentration on the regulation of Cav-1 expression and activation and its relation to the insulin signaling pathway during the adipogenic process and in long-term differentiated adipocytes. Both, long-term high glucose exposure during adipogenesis and short-term glucose incubation of mature adipocytes, promoted triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. The short-term exposure of mature adipocytes to high glucose significantly reduced the sensitivity to insulin of Cav-1, insulin receptor (IR) and potein kinase B (AKT-2) phosphorylation, as well as insulin-induced deoxyglucose uptake. Adipocytes differentiated in the presence of high glucose lost Cav-1 and IR response to insulin-stimulated phosphorylation, but maintained the insulin sensitivity of AKT-2 phosphorylation and deoxyglucose uptake. Although long-term high glucose exposure increased DNA methylation in Cav-1 promoter, Cav-1 expression was not affected. Moreover, these cells showed an increase of Cav-1, IR and AKT-2 protein content, pointing to an adaptive response induced by the long-term high glucose exposure.
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Díaz-Villaseñor A, Granados O, González-Palacios B, Tovar-Palacio C, Torre-Villalvazo I, Olivares-García V, Torres N, Tovar AR. Differential modulation of the functionality of white adipose tissue of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats by the type of protein and the amount and type of fat. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1798-809. [PMID: 23773624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that several metabolic abnormalities developed during obesity are associated with the presence of dysfunctional adipose tissue. Diet is a key factor that modulates several functions of adipose tissue; however, each nutrient in the diet produces specific changes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the effect of the interaction of the type (coconut or soybean oil) and amount (5% or 10%) of fat with the type of dietary protein (casein or soy protein) on the functionality of white adipose tissue of Zucker (fa/fa) rats. The results showed that soybean oil reduced adipocyte size and decreased esterified saturated fatty acids in white adipose tissue. Excess dietary fat also modified the composition of esterified fatty acids in white adipose tissue, increased the secretion of saturated fatty acids to serum from white adipose tissue and reduced the process of fatty acids re-esterification. On the other hand, soy protein sensitized the activation of the hormone-sensitive lipase by increasing the phosphorylation of this enzyme (Ser 563) despite rats fed soy protein were normoglucagonemic, in contrast with rats fed casein that showed hyperglucagonemia but reduced hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation. Finally, in white adipose tissue, the interaction between the tested dietary components modulated the transcription/translation process of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes via the activity of the PERK-endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Therefore, our results showed that the type of protein and the type and amount of dietary fat selectively modify the activity of white adipose tissue, even in a genetic model of obesity.
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Fontanesi L, Galimberti G, Calò DG, Fronza R, Martelli PL, Scotti E, Colombo M, Schiavo G, Casadio R, Buttazzoni L, Russo V. Identification and association analysis of several hundred single nucleotide polymorphisms within candidate genes for back fat thickness in Italian Large White pigs using a selective genotyping approach1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2450-64. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Fontanesi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Centre of Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Galimberti
- Department of Statistical Sciences “Paolo Fortunati,” University of Bologna, Via delle Belle Arti 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - D. G. Calò
- Department of Statistical Sciences “Paolo Fortunati,” University of Bologna, Via delle Belle Arti 41, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Fronza
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - P. L. Martelli
- Centre of Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Scotti
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Colombo
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Schiavo
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Centre of Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Casadio
- Centre of Genome Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Biocomputing Group, Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Buttazzoni
- CRA, Centro di Ricerca per la Produzione delle Carni e il Miglioramento Genetico, Via Salaria 31, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Russo
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Sezione di Allevamenti Zootecnici, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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