1
|
Dibra D, Xiong S, Moyer SM, El-Naggar AK, Qi Y, Su X, Kong EK, Korkut A, Lozano G. Mutant p53 protects triple-negative breast adenocarcinomas from ferroptosis in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1835. [PMID: 38354236 PMCID: PMC10866549 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated early in most of the patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The most frequent TP53 alterations are missense mutations that contribute to tumor aggressiveness. Here, we used an autochthonous somatic TNBC mouse model, in which mutant p53 can be toggled on and off genetically while leaving the tumor microenvironment intact and wild-type for p53 to identify physiological dependencies on mutant p53. In TNBCs that develop in this model, deletion of two different hotspot p53R172H and p53R245W mutants triggers ferroptosis in vivo, a cell death mechanism involving iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Mutant p53 protects cells from ferroptosis inducers, and ferroptosis inhibitors reverse the effects of mutant p53 loss in vivo. Single-cell transcriptomic data revealed that mutant p53 protects cells from undergoing ferroptosis through NRF2-dependent regulation of Mgst3 and Prdx6, which encode two glutathione-dependent peroxidases that detoxify lipid peroxides. Thus, mutant p53 protects TNBCs from ferroptotic death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denada Dibra
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sydney M. Moyer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elisabeth K. Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Genetics and Epigenetics Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang M, Shui X, Zheng X, Lee JE, Mei Y, Li R, Tian Y, Zheng X, Wang Q, Wang L, Chen D, Zhang T, Kim BM, Kim J, Lee TH. Death-associated protein kinase 1 phosphorylates MDM2 and inhibits its protein stability and function. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:882-896. [PMID: 37804415 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major malignancies in women, and most related deaths are due to recurrence, drug resistance, and metastasis. The expression of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene is upregulated in breast cancer; however, its regulatory mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Herein, we identified the tumor suppressor death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) as a novel MDM2 regulator by unbiased peptide library screening. DAPK1 is directly bound to MDM2 and phosphorylates it at Thr419. DAPK1-mediated MDM2 phosphorylation promoted its protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, resulting in upregulated p53 expression. DAPK1 overexpression, but not its kinase activity-deficient form, decreased colony formation and increased doxorubicin-induced cell death; however, DAPK1 knockdown produced the opposite effects in human breast cancer cells. In a xenograft tumorigenesis assay, DAPK1 overexpression significantly reduced tumor formation, whereas inhibition of DAPK1 kinase activity reduced its antitumorigenic effect. Finally, DAPK1 expression was negatively correlated with MDM2 levels in human breast cancer tissues. Thus, these results suggest that DAPK1-mediated MDM2 phosphorylation and its protein degradation may contribute to its antitumorigenic function in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xindong Shui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingxue Mei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Ruomeng Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Quling Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Research Center for New Drug Development, AgingTarget Inc., Uiwang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren X, Zhang G, Ling X, Zhang L, Tian Y, Zhu G, Wang P, Leavenworth JW, Luo L, Li F. Allyl-isothiocyanate against colorectal cancer via the mutual dependent regulation of p21 and Nrf2. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176016. [PMID: 37634842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC) is a common Isothiocyanates (ITC) and its chemo-preventive and anti-tumor effects are believed to be related to the activation of NF-E2 p45-related Factor 2 (Nrf2). However, its anti-tumor effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) are not well elucidated. Here, we investigated the therapeutic in vitro and/or in vivo effects and mechanisms of action (MOA) for AITC on CRC cell line HCT116 (human) and MC38 (mouse). AITC treatment in a low concentration range (1 mg/kg in vivo) significantly inhibited the tumor cell growth and increased the expression of p21 and Nrf2. The AITC-mediated induction of p21 was dependent on Nrf2 but independent on p53 in vitro and in vivo at low dose. In contrast, the high dose of AITC (5 mg/kg in vivo) failed to increase substantial levels of p21/MdmX, and impaired the total antioxidant capacity of tumors and subsequent anti-tumor effect in vivo. These results suggest that an optimal dose of AITC is important and required for the proper Nrf2 activation and its anti-CRC effects and thus, providing insights into the potential applications of AITC for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226018, PR China
| | - Gaoshan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China; Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Jiangsu, 225001, PR China
| | - Xiang Ling
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Linhua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Yangyang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Guoxiang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226018, PR China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA; The O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Jiangsu, 226001, PR China.
| | - Fengzhi Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu F, He H, Zhou Y. Roles, biological functions, and clinical significances of RHPN1-AS1 in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154589. [PMID: 37285733 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the complex and multifaceted challenge of cancer eradication, a comprehensive approach is required. Molecular strategies are critical in the fight against cancer as they allow us to understand the underlying fundamental mechanisms and develop specialized treatments. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of ncRNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides, in cancer biology has attracted growing attention in recent years. These roles include but are not limited to regulating gene expression, protein localization, and chromatin remodeling. LncRNAs can influence a range of cellular functions and pathways, including those involved in cancer development. The first study on RHPN1 antisense RNA 1 (RHPN1-AS1), a 2030-bp transcript originating from human chromosome 8q24, in uveal melanoma (UM) demonstrated that this lncRNA was significantly upregulated in several UM cell lines. Further studies in various cancer cell lines showed that this lncRNA is significantly overexpressed and exerts oncogenic functions. This review will provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the roles played by RHPN1-AS1 in the emergence of various cancers, focusing on its biological and clinical functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haihong He
- Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zafar A, Khan MJ, Naeem A. MDM2- an indispensable player in tumorigenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6871-6883. [PMID: 37314603 PMCID: PMC10374471 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a well-recognized molecule for its oncogenic potential. Since its identification, various cancer-promoting roles of MDM2 such as growth stimulation, sustained angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, apoptosis evasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression have been established. Alterations in the expression levels of MDM2 occur in multiple types of cancers resulting in uncontrolled proliferation. The cellular processes are modulated by MDM2 through transcription, post-translational modifications, protein degradation, binding to cofactors, and subcellular localization. In this review, we discuss the precise role of deregulated MDM2 levels in modulating cellular functions to promote cancer growth. Moreover, we also briefly discuss the role of MDM2 in inducing resistance against anti-cancerous therapies thus limiting the benefits of cancerous treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Zafar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550 Pakistan
| | | | - Aisha Naeem
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 20057 Washington, DC U.S
- Qatar University Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han D, Wang L, Jiang S, Yang Q. The ubiquitin-proteasome system in breast cancer. Trends Mol Med 2023:S1471-4914(23)00096-5. [PMID: 37328395 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a selective proteolytic system that is associated with the expression or function of target proteins and participates in various physiological and pathological processes of breast cancer. Inhibitors targeting the 26S proteasome in combination with other drugs have shown promising therapeutic effects in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Moreover, several inhibitors/stimulators targeting other UPS components are also effective in preclinical studies, but have not yet been applied in the clinical treatment of breast cancer. Therefore, it is vital to comprehensively understand the functions of ubiquitination in breast cancer and to identify potential tumor promoters or tumor suppressors among UPS family members, with the aim of developing more effective and specific inhibitors/stimulators targeting specific components of this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianwen Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Research Institute of Breast Cancer, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng J, Miao F, Wang Z, Ma Y, Lin Z, Chen Y, Kong X, Wang Y, Zhuang A, Wu T, Li W. Identification of MDM2 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker in a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis: A promising target for breast cancer, bladder cancer and ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Life Sci 2023:121832. [PMID: 37276911 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene is a crucial factor in the development and progression of various cancer types. Multiple rigorous scientific studies have consistently shown its involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer progression in a wide range of cancer types. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of MDM2 in human cancer has yet to be conducted. METHODS We used various databases, including TIMER2.0, TCGA, GTEx and STRING, to analyze MDM2 expression and its correlation with clinical outcomes, interacting genes and immune cell infiltration. We also investigated the association of MDM2 with immune checkpoints and performed gene enrichment analysis using DAVID tools. RESULTS The pan-cancer MDM2 analysis found that MDM2 expression and mutation status were observably different in 25 types of cancer tissue compared with healthy tissues, and prognosis analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between MDM2 expression and patient prognosis. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that MDM2 expression was correlated with tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability and drug sensitivity in certain cancer types. We found that there was an association between MDM2 expression and immune cell infiltration across cancer types, and MDM2 inhibitors might enhance the effect of immunotherapy on breast cancer, bladder cancer and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS The first systematic pan-cancer analysis of MDM2 was conducted, and it demonstrated that MDM2 was a reliable prognostic biomarker and was closely related to cancer immunity, providing a potential immunotherapeutic target for breast cancer, bladder cancer and ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fenglin Miao
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenhang Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yaqin Chen
- Nursing Department of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xu Kong
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Aobo Zhuang
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Wengang Li
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chalertpet K, Sangkheereeput T, Somjit P, Bankeeree W, Yanatatsaneejit P. Effect of Smilax spp. and Phellinus linteus combination on cytotoxicity and cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:177. [PMID: 37264344 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of breast cancer (BC) has been reduced in recent years, proficient therapeutic regimens should be further investigated with the aim of further reducing the mortality rate. To obtain more effective treatment, the present study aimed to observe the effects of PL synergistically combined with Smilax corbularia and S. glabra extracts (PSS) on BC cell lines, MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. METHODS The half-maximal inhibition (IC50) concentrations of PSS and PL were determined in a dose- and time-dependent manner using MTT assay. The activity of PSS and PL on anti-BC proliferation was evaluated using BrdU assay, and colony formation assay. Moreover, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis induction as a result of PSS and PL exposure were investigated using propidium iodide (PI) staining and co-staining of annexin V DY634 and PI combined flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Finally, changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in proliferative and apoptotic pathways (MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, PI3KCA, KRAS, BAX, and CASP8) were explored using RT-qPCR following PSS and PL treatment. RESULTS The PSS and PL extracts exhibited significant potential in BC cytotoxicity which were in were in dose- and time-dependent response. This inhibition of cell growth was due to the suppression of cell proliferation, the cell cycle arrest, and the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, an investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism revealed that PSS and PL are involved in downregulation of the MKI67, HER2, EGFR, MDM2, TNFα, and PI3KCA expression. CONCLUSIONS This present study has suggested that PSS and PL possess anti-BC proliferative activity mediated via the downregulation of genes participating in the relevant pathways. PSS or PL may be combined with other agents to alleviate the adverse side effects resulted from conventional chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwalat Chalertpet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanawitch Sangkheereeput
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prakaithip Somjit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wichanee Bankeeree
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Plant Biomass Utilization Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Human Genetics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Debbarma A, Mansolf M, Khatri VA, Valentino JA, Sapi E. Effect of Borrelia burgdorferi on the Expression of miRNAs in Breast Cancer and Normal Mammary Epithelial Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1475. [PMID: 37374977 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that inflammation due to infections with microorganisms could play a role in breast cancer development. One of the known human pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has been shown to be present in various types of breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. We reported that B. burgdorferi can invade breast cancer cells and affect their tumorigenic phenotype. To better understand the genome-wide genetic changes caused by B. burgdorferi, we evaluated the microRNA (miRNA or miR) expression profiles of two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines and one non-tumorigenic mammary cell line before and after B. burgdorferi infection. Using a cancer-specific miRNA panel, four miRNAs (miR-206, 214-3p, 16-5p, and 20b-5p) were identified as potential markers for Borrelia-induced changes, and the results were confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription (qRT-PCR). Among those miRNAs, miR-206 and 214 were the most significantly upregulated miRNAs. The cellular impact of miR-206 and 214 was evaluated using DIANA software to identify related molecular pathways and genes. Analyses showed that the cell cycle, checkpoints, DNA damage-repair, proto-oncogenes, and cancer-related signaling pathways are mostly affected by B. burgdorferi infection. Based on this information, we have identified potential miRNAs which could be further evaluated as biomarkers for tumorigenesis caused by pathogens in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Debbarma
- Lyme Disease Research Group, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Miranda Mansolf
- Lyme Disease Research Group, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Vishwa A Khatri
- Lyme Disease Research Group, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Justine A Valentino
- Lyme Disease Research Group, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Eva Sapi
- Lyme Disease Research Group, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qi M, Yi X, Yue B, Huang M, Zhou S, Xiong J. S100A6 inhibits MDM2 to suppress breast cancer growth and enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:55. [PMID: 37217945 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01657-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100A6 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) are important cancer-related molecules. A previous study identified an interaction between S100A6 and MDM2 by size exclusion chromatography and surface plasmon resonance experiments. The present study investigated whether S100A6 could bind to MDM2 in vivo and further explored its functional implication. METHODS Co-immunoprecipitation, glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assay, and immunofluorescence were performed to determine the in vivo interaction between S100A6 and MDM2. Cycloheximide pulse-chase assay and ubiquitination assay were performed to clarify the mechanism by which S100A6 downregulated MDM2. In addition, clonogenic assay, WST-1 assay, and flow cytometry of apoptosis and the cell cycle were performed and a xenograft model was established to evaluate the effects of the S100A6/MDM2 interaction on growth and paclitaxel-induced chemosensitivity of breast cancer. The expressions of S100A6 and MDM2 in patients with invasive breast cancer were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the correlation between the expression of S100A6 and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was statistically analyzed. RESULTS S100A6 promoted the MDM2 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm, in which the S100A6 bound to the binding site of the herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP) in MDM2, disrupted the MDM2-HAUSP-DAXX interactions, and induced the MDM2 self-ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, the S100A6-mediated MDM2 degradation suppressed the growth of breast cancer and enhanced its sensitivity to paclitaxel both in vitro and in vivo. For patients with invasive breast cancer who received epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (EC-T), expressions of S100A6 and MDM2 were negatively correlated, and high expression of S100A6 suggested a higher rate of pathologic complete response (pCR). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the high expression of S100A6 was an independent predictor of pCR. CONCLUSION These results reveal a novel function for S100A6 in downregulating MDM2, which directly enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Qi
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianglan Yi
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Baohui Yue
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mingxiang Huang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jing Xiong
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Potential Impact of PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway Genes, KLF-14, MDM4, miRNAs 27a, miRNA-196a Genetic Alterations in the Predisposition and Progression of Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041281. [PMID: 36831624 PMCID: PMC9954638 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have reported link between SNPs and risk of breast cancer. This study investigated the association of the selected gene variants by predicting them as possible target genes. Molecular technique advances with the availability of whole-exome sequencing (WES), now offer opportunities for simultaneous investigations of many genes. The experimental protocol for PI3K, AKT-1, KLF-14, MDM4, miRNAs 27a, and miR-196a genotyping was done by ARMS-PCR and sanger sequencing. The novel and known gene variants were studied by Whole-exome sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. This case control study reports significant association between BC patients, healthy controls with the polymorphic variants of PI3K C > T, AKT-1 G > A KLF 14 C > T, MDM4 A > G, miR-27a A > G, miR-196a-2 C > T genes (p < 0.05). MDM4 A > G genotypes were strongly associated with BC predisposition with OR 2.08 & 2.15, p < 0.05) in codominant and dominant models respectively. MDM4 A allele show the same effective (OR1.76, p < 0.05) whereas it remains protective in recessive model for BC risk. AKT1G > A genotypes were strongly associated with the BC susceptibility in all genetic models whereas PI3K C > T genotypes were associated with breast cancer predisposition in recessive model OR 6.96. Polymorphic variants of KLF-14 A > G, MDM4G > A, MiR-27aA >G, miR-196a-C > T were strongly associated with stage, tamoxifen treatment. Risk variants have been reported by whole exome sequencing in our BC patients. It was concluded that a strong association between the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway gene variants with the breast cancer susceptibility and progression. Similarly, KLF 14-AA, MDM4-GA, miR27a-GG and miR-196a-CT gene variants were associated with the higher risk probability of BC and were strongly correlated with staging of the BC patients. This study also reported Low, novel, and intermediate-genetic-risk variants of PI3K, AKT-1, MDM4G & KLF-14 by utilizing whole-exome sequencing. These variants should be further investigated in larger cohorts' studies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Targeting MDM4 as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Prostate Cancer Independent of p53 Status. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163947. [PMID: 36010941 PMCID: PMC9405814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is a lethal disease in patients incapable of responding to therapeutic interventions. Invasive prostate cancer spread is caused by failure of the normal anti-cancer defense systems that are controlled by the tumour suppressor protein, p53. Upon mutation, p53 malfunctions. Therapeutic strategies to directly re-empower the growth-restrictive capacities of p53 in cancers have largely been unsuccessful, frequently because of a failure to discriminate responses in diseased and healthy tissues. Our studies sought alternative prostate cancer drivers, intending to uncover new treatment targets. We discovered the oncogenic potency of MDM4 in prostate cancer cells, both in the presence and absence of p53 and also its mutation. We uncovered that sustained depletion of MDM4 is growth inhibitory in prostate cancer cells, involving either apoptosis or senescence, depending on the cell and genetic context. We identified that the potency of MDM4 targeting could be potentiated in prostate cancers with mutant p53 through the addition of a first-in-class small molecule drug that was selected as a p53 reactivator and has the capacity to elevate oxidative stress in cancer cells to drive their death.
Collapse
|
13
|
Meftahpour V, Aghebati-Maleki A, Fotouhi A, Safarzadeh E, Aghebati-Maleki L. Prognostic significance and therapeutic potentials of immune checkpoints in osteosarcoma. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:250-268. [PMID: 35145371 PMCID: PMC8822307 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although there exist manifold strategies for cancer treatment, researchers are obliged to develop novel treatments based on the challenges that arise. One of these recent treatment approaches is cancer immunotherapy, which enjoys various types of strategies itself. However, one of the most significant methods, in this regard, is employing immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs). Bone sarcomas have several subtypes, with the most common ones being chordoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Although many aggressive treatment approaches, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical resection, have been employed over the last decades, significantly improved outcomes have not been observed for Ewing sarcoma or osteosarcoma patients. Additionally, chordoma and chdrosarcoma resist against both radiation and chemotherapy. Accordingly, elucidating how recent therapies could affect bone sarcomas is necessary. Checkpoint inhibitors have attracted great attention for the treatment of several cancer types, including bone sarcoma. Herein, the recent advances of current immune checkpoint targets, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 blockade, for the treatment of bone sarcoma have been reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Meftahpour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Fotouhi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
p53 Signaling on Microenvironment and Its Contribution to Tissue Chemoresistance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020202. [PMID: 35207121 PMCID: PMC8877489 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance persists as a significant, unresolved clinical challenge in many cancer types. The tumor microenvironment, in which cancer cells reside and interact with non-cancer cells and tissue structures, has a known role in promoting every aspect of tumor progression, including chemoresistance. However, the molecular determinants of microenvironment-driven chemoresistance are mainly unknown. In this review, we propose that the TP53 tumor suppressor, found mutant in over half of human cancers, is a crucial regulator of cancer cell-microenvironment crosstalk and a prime candidate for the investigation of microenvironment-specific modulators of chemoresistance. Wild-type p53 controls the secretion of factors that inhibit the tumor microenvironment, whereas altered secretion or mutant p53 interfere with p53 function to promote chemoresistance. We highlight resistance mechanisms promoted by mutant p53 and enforced by the microenvironment, such as extracellular matrix remodeling and adaptation to hypoxia. Alterations of wild-type p53 extracellular function may create a cascade of spatial amplification loops in the tumor tissue that can influence cellular behavior far from the initial oncogenic mutation. We discuss the concept of chemoresistance as a multicellular/tissue-level process rather than intrinsically cellular. Targeting p53-dependent crosstalk mechanisms between cancer cells and components of the tumor environment might disrupt the waves of chemoresistance that spread across the tumor tissue, increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wege AK, Rom‐Jurek E, Jank P, Denkert C, Ugocsai P, Solbach C, Blohmer J, Sinn B, Mackelenbergh M, Möbus V, Trumpp A, Marangoni E, Pfarr N, Irlbeck C, Warfsmann J, Polzer B, Weber F, Ortmann O, Loibl S, Vladimirova V, Brockhoff G. mdm2
gene amplification is associated with luminal breast cancer progression in humanized
PDX
mice and a worse outcome of estrogen receptor positive disease. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1357-1372. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kathrin Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Eva‐Maria Rom‐Jurek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps‐University Marburg UKGM University Hospital Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps‐University Marburg UKGM University Hospital Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Peter Ugocsai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Jens‐Uwe Blohmer
- Breast Cancer Center Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Bruno Sinn
- Breast Cancer Center Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Marion Mackelenbergh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Schleswig‐Holstein University Hospital Kiel Germany
| | - Volker Möbus
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology and Oncology Goethe University of Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ‐ZMBH Alliance Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI‐STEM gGmbH), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Department of Translational Research, Institute Curie PSL Research University Paris France
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Christoph Irlbeck
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Regensburg Germany
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Jens Warfsmann
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Regensburg Germany
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Polzer
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Regensburg Germany
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group GBG Forschungs GmbH Neu‐Isenburg Germany
| | | | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Alu RNA are implicated in the poor prognosis of several human disease states. These RNA are transcription products of primate specific transposable elements called Alu elements. These elements are extremely abundant, comprising over 10% of the human genome, and 100 to 1000 cytoplasmic copies of Alu RNA per cell. Alu RNA do not have a single universal functional role aside from selfish self-propagation. Despite this, Alu RNA have been found to operate in a diverse set of translational and transcriptional mechanisms. This review will focus on the current knowledge of Alu RNA involved in human disease states and known mechanisms of action. Examples of Alu RNA that are transcribed in a variety of contexts such as introns, mature mRNA, and non-coding transcripts will be discussed. Past and present challenges in studying Alu RNA, and the future directions of Alu RNA in basic and clinical research will also be examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean A McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chemotherapy of HER2- and MDM2-Enriched Breast Cancer Subtypes Induces Homologous Recombination DNA Repair and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184501. [PMID: 34572735 PMCID: PMC8471926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MDM2 is a protein responsible for negative regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor. In addition, MDM2 exhibits chaperone-like properties similar to the HSP90 molecular chaperone. Multiple studies revealed that MDM2 is deeply involved in cancer development and progression. Some recently published results indicate that the role of MDM2 in DNA repair inhibition is more complex than previously thought. We show that MDM2 is directly involved in the homologous recombination DNA repair, and its chaperone-like activity is crucial for this function. The DNA repair inhibition is a result of inefficient MDM2 dissociation from the NBN protein complex. When cancer cells are treated with chemotherapy, MDM2 can be easily released from the interaction and degraded, resulting in effective homologous recombination DNA repair, which translates into the acquisition of a chemoresistant phenotype by the tumor. This knowledge may allow for identification of the patients that are at particular risk of tumor chemoresistance. Abstract Analyzing the TCGA breast cancer database, we discovered that patients with the HER2 cancer subtype and overexpression of MDM2 exhibited decreased post-treatment survival. Inhibition of MDM2 expression in the SKBR3 cell line (HER2 subtype) diminished the survival of cancer cells treated with doxorubicin, etoposide, and camptothecin. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibition of MDM2 expression diminished DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) and sensitized SKBR3 cells to a PARP inhibitor, olaparib. In H1299 (TP53−/−) cells treated with neocarzinostatin (NCS), overexpression of MDM2 WT or E3-dead MDM2 C478S variant stimulated the NCS-dependent phosphorylation of ATM, NBN, and BRCA1, proteins involved in HR DNA repair. However, overexpression of chaperone-dead MDM2 K454A variant diminished phosphorylation of these proteins as well as the HR DNA repair. Moreover, we demonstrated that, upon NCS treatment, MDM2 K454A interacted with NBN more efficiently than MDM2 WT and that MDM2 WT was degraded more efficiently than MDM2 K454A. Using a proliferation assay, we showed that overexpression of MDM2 WT, but not MDM2 K454A, led to acquisition of resistance to NCS. The presented results indicate that, following chemotherapy, MDM2 WT was released from MDM2-NBN complex and efficiently degraded, hence allowing extensive HR DNA repair leading to the acquisition of chemoresistance by cancer cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Akazawa K, Kagara N, Sota Y, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Miyake T, Tanei T, Naoi Y, Shimoda M, Kim SJ, Noguchi S, Shimazu K. Comparison of the multigene panel test and OncoScan™ for the determination of HER2 amplification in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:217. [PMID: 34396441 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic accuracy of the multigene panel test (MPT) and OncoScan™ in the determination of HER2 amplification in breast tumors remains controversial. In the present study, HER2 copy number was analyzed using both MPT and OncoScan™ in 45 breast tumors and was compared with that in fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Tumors with low cellularity were examined using tumor cell enrichment and fluorescence‑activated cell sorting. Both MPT and OncoScan™ exhibited significant correlations with FISH with respect to the determination of HER2 amplification in breast tumors. However, the correlation coefficient was significantly higher for the comparison of MPT and FISH (r=0.770) compared with that between OncoScan™ and FISH (r=0.564). The accuracy of MPT (93.3%) was slightly higher compared with that in OncoScan™ (84.4%) in determining the HER2 status, which was mostly explained by the higher sensitivity of MPT in tumors with low cellularity (83.3 vs. 33.3%), but not in those with high cellularity (81.8 vs. 72.7%). The specificity was 100% for both tests. The MPT exhibited higher sensitivity in the determination of the amplification of other genes, including MYC, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and GATA binding protein 3 in tumors with low cellularity compared with that in tumors with high cellularity. OncoScan™ exhibited low sensitivity without tumor cell enrichment. The results suggested that MPT could be a promising method to determine HER2 status in breast tumors and that it could exhibit improved accuracy compared with that in OncoScan™ in tumors with low cellularity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Akazawa
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kagara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sota
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyake
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tanei
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Yasuto Naoi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimoda
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Seung Jin Kim
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Noguchi
- Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662‑0918, Japan
| | - Kenzo Shimazu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita‑shi, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu T, Wang J, Sun L, Li M, He X, Jiang J, Zhou Q. Piwi-interacting RNA-651 promotes cell proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in breast cancer by facilitating DNMT1-mediated PTEN promoter methylation. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1603-1616. [PMID: 34313525 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1956090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs/piRs) are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in stablizing genome through silencing transposable genetic elements. The piR-651 was reported to be dysregulated in several human solid cancer tissues, such as gastric and lung cancers. However, the role of piRNA-651 in carcinogenesis of breast cancer has not been defined. We found that piR-651 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of piR-651 facilitated cell proliferation and invasion, restrained cell apoptosis and the percentage of arrested cells in G0/G1 phase, accompanied by upregulated expression of oncogenes (MDM2, CDK4 and Cyclin D1), whereas piR-651 downregulation showed the opposite effects. Additionally, piR-651 could promote phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) methylation and its downregulated expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to the PTEN promoter region through complex formation with PIWIL2. PTEN overexpression reversed the effects of upregulated piR-651 on cell functions. This study reveals that piR-651 promotes proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells by facilitating DNMT1-mediated PTEN promoter methylation, which may provide a potential therapeutic mechanism for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fang H, Cavaliere A, Li Z, Huang Y, Marquez-Nostra B. Preclinical Advances in Theranostics for the Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627693. [PMID: 33986665 PMCID: PMC8111013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The heterogeneity of breast cancer and drug resistance to therapies make the diagnosis and treatment difficult. Molecular imaging methods with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) provide useful tools to diagnose, predict, and monitor the response of therapy, contributing to precision medicine for breast cancer patients. Recently, many efforts have been made to find new targets for breast cancer therapy to overcome resistance to standard of care treatments, giving rise to new therapeutic agents to offer more options for patients with breast cancer. The combination of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies forms the foundation of theranostics. Some of these theranostic agents exhibit high potential to be translated to clinic. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in theranostics of the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer in preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Fang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Alessandra Cavaliere
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ziqi Li
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bernadette Marquez-Nostra
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Based on lncRNA-TF-Associated ceRNA Network and Functional Module. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:5257896. [PMID: 32802855 PMCID: PMC7411464 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5257896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer leads to most of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Systematically analyzing the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and their functional modules may provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this study, we constructed a lncRNA-TF-associated ceRNA network via combining all the significant lncRNA-TF ceRNA pairs and TF-TF PPI pairs. We computed important topological features of the network, such as degree and average path length. Hub nodes in the lncRNA-TF-associated ceRNA network were extracted to detect differential expression in different subtypes and tumor stages of breast cancer. MCODE was used for identifying the closely connected modules from the ceRNA network. Survival analysis was further used for evaluating whether the modules had prognosis effects on breast cancer. TF motif searching analysis was performed for investigating the binding potentials between lncRNAs and TFs. As a result, a lncRNA-TF-associated ceRNA network in breast cancer was constructed, which had a scale-free property. Hub nodes such as MDM4, ZNF410, AC0842-19, and CTB-89H12 were differentially expressed between cancer and normal sample in different subtypes and tumor stages. Two closely connected modules were identified to significantly classify patients into a low-risk group and high-risk group with different clinical outcomes. TF motif searching analysis suggested that TFs, such as NFAT5, might bind to the promoter and enhancer regions of hub lncRNAs and function in breast cancer biology. The results demonstrated that the synergistic, competitive lncRNA-TF ceRNA network and their functional modules played important roles in the biological processes and molecular functions of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bartnykaitė A, Savukaitytė A, Ugenskienė R, Daukšaitė M, Korobeinikova E, Gudaitienė J, Juozaitytė E. Associations of MDM2 and MDM4 Polymorphisms with Early-Stage Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040866. [PMID: 33669778 PMCID: PMC7922970 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MDM2 and MDM4 have been associated with various cancers. However, the influence on clinical characteristics of breast cancer has not been sufficiently investigated yet. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between SNPs in MDM2 (rs2279744, rs937283, rs937282) and MDM4 (rs1380576, rs4245739) and I-II stage breast cancer. For analysis, the genomic DNA was extracted from 100 unrelated women peripheral blood. Polymorphisms were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. The study showed that MDM2 rs937283 and rs937282 were significantly associated with estrogen receptor status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status. SNPs rs1380576 and rs4245739, located in MDM4, were significantly associated with status of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Our findings suggest that rs937283 AG, rs937282 CG, rs1380576 CC, and rs4245739 AA genotypes were linked to hormonal receptor positive breast cancer and may be useful genetic markers for disease assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Bartnykaitė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3-703-778-7317
| | - Aistė Savukaitytė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
| | - Rasa Ugenskienė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Monika Daukšaitė
- Oncology Research Laboratory, Oncology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.S.); (R.U.); (M.D.)
| | - Erika Korobeinikova
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
| | - Jurgita Gudaitienė
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
| | - Elona Juozaitytė
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.K.); (J.G.); (E.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Daniyal A, Santoso I, Gunawan NHP, Barliana MI, Abdulah R. Genetic Influences in Breast Cancer Drug Resistance. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2021; 13:59-85. [PMID: 33603458 PMCID: PMC7882715 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s284453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in adult women aged 20 to 50 years. The therapeutic regimens that are commonly recommended to treat breast cancer are human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, and systemic chemotherapy. The selection of pharmacotherapy is based on the characteristics of the tumor and its hormone receptor status, specifically, the presence of HER2, progesterone receptors, and estrogen receptors. Breast cancer pharmacotherapy often gives different results in various populations, which may cause therapeutic failure. Different types of congenital drug resistance in individuals can cause this. Genetic polymorphism is a factor in the occurrence of congenital drug resistance. This review explores the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and resistance to breast cancer therapy. It considers studies published from 2010 to 2020 concerning the relationship of genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer therapy. Several gene polymorphisms are found to be related to longer overall survival, worse relapse-free survival, higher pathological complete response, and increased disease-free survival in breast cancer patients. The presence of these gene polymorphisms can be considered in the treatment of breast cancer in order to shape personalized therapy to yield better results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adhitiya Daniyal
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Ivana Santoso
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Nadira Hasna Putri Gunawan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shebli WTY, Alotibi MKH, Al-Raddadi RI, Al-Amri RJ, Fallatah EIY, Alhujaily AS, Mohamed HS. Murine Double Minute 2 Gene ( MDM2) rs937283A/G variant significantly increases the susceptibility to breast cancer in Saudi Women. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2272-2277. [PMID: 33911942 PMCID: PMC8071807 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is predominant causes of mortality in women worldwide. Genetic polymorphisms have a significant role in breast cancer aetiology. TP53 and its inhibitor the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) genes encode proteins that have crucial functions in the DNA damage response. The allelic variations within these genes could influence the susceptibility to breast cancer. MDM2 promotor polymorphism rs937283A/G has a role in susceptibility to cancer and modifies the promoter activity. In the present case-control study, the association of MDM2 rs937283A/G polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility in Saudi women with samples of 137 breast cancer patients, and 98 healthy controls were explored. MDM2 gene polymorphism rs937283A/G was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism and confirmed by sequencing. The results revealed that rs937283A/G variant is significantly increases the risk of breast cancer in Saudi women (p-value = 0.0078). Moreover, rs937283A/G polymorphism was associated with high risk of breast cancer in estrogen positive breast cancer patients (p-value = 0.0088), progesterone positive breast cancer patients (p-value = 0.0043), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer patients (p-value = 0.0026), and triple negative breast cancer patients where (p-value = 0.0003). Positive association between increased breast cancer risk and rs937283 variant in premenopausal Saudi women, below 50 years of age, was demonstrated (p-value = 0.0023). Collectively, MDM2 rs937283A/G polymorphism could act as a possible biomarker for breast cancer susceptibility in Saudi women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Razan Jamaan Al-Amri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hiba Salaheldin Mohamed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gorlov IP, Xia X, Tsavachidis S, Gorlova OY, Amos CI. Tumor somatic mutations also existing as germline polymorphisms may help to identify functional SNPs from genome-wide association studies. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:1353-1362. [PMID: 32681635 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that a joint analysis of cancer risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and somatic mutations in tumor samples can predict functional and potentially causal SNPs from GWASs. We used mutations reported in the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). Confirmed somatic mutations were subdivided into two groups: (1) mutations reported as SNPs, which we call mutational/SNPs and (2) somatic mutations that are not reported as SNPs, which we call mutational/noSNPs. It is generally accepted that the number of times a somatic mutation is reported in COSMIC correlates with its selective advantage to tumors, with more frequently reported mutations being more functional and providing a stronger selective advantage to the tumor cell. We found that mutations reported ≥10 times in COSMIC-frequent mutational/SNPs (fmSNPs) are likely to be functional. We identified 12 cancer risk-associated SNPs reported in the Catalog of published GWASs at least 10 times as confirmed somatic mutations and therefore deemed to be functional. Additionally, we have identified 42 SNPs that are tightly linked (R2 ≥ 0.8) to SNPs reported in the Catalog of published GWASs as cancer risk associated and that are also reported as fmSNPs. As a result, 54 candidate functional/potentially causal cancer risk associated SNPs were identified. We found that fmSNPs are more likely to be located in evolutionarily conserved regions compared with cancer risk associated SNPs that are not fmSNPs. We also found that fmSNPs also underwent positive selection, which can explain why they exist as population polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P Gorlov
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop BCM451, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangjun Xia
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop BCM451, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Spiridon Tsavachidis
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop BCM451, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olga Y Gorlova
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop BCM451, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop BCM451, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pattar SV, Adhoni SA, Kamanavalli CM, Kumbar SS. In silico molecular docking studies and MM/GBSA analysis of coumarin-carbonodithioate hybrid derivatives divulge the anticancer potential against breast cancer. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-020-00059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are many biomarkers associated with breast cancer. Higher expression of PIK3CA (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Cα), in its upregulated form, is associated with Hr+ and Her2− breast cancer; therefore, many drugs were synthesized against this protein to treat breast cancer patients. FDA recently approved that the drug alpelisib also inhibits PI3KCα (PDB ID-5DXT) in BC patients with Hr+ and Her2−. In present study, we have exploited fourteen coumarin-carbonodithioate derivatives and alpelisib against this protein along with eighteen others which are responsible for causing BC through computational analysis. We have used Schrödinger Maestro 11.2 version for our in silico docking study, and to calculate relative binding energies of ligands, we used prime MM-GBSA module.
Result
Docking study revealed that among all fourteen compounds, 2f, 2a, 2d, and 2e showed the highest G score than the alpelisib and coumarin against PI3KCα with − 9.3, − 9.0, − 9.0 and − 9.1 kcal/mol respectively, along with individual G score of alpelisib (− 8.9) and coumarin (− 7.9). Prime MM-GBSA analysis gave the relative binding energies of alpelisib, 2f, and 2e with − 19.94864535, − 18.63076296 and − 13.07341286 kcal/mol sequentially.
Conclusion
This study provides an insight into the coumarin-carbonodithioate derivatives that could act as inhibitors of PI3KCα like alpelisib. Further prime MM-GBSA study revealed ligand binding energies and ligands strain energies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Portman N, Milioli HH, Alexandrou S, Coulson R, Yong A, Fernandez KJ, Chia KM, Halilovic E, Segara D, Parker A, Haupt S, Haupt Y, Tilley WD, Swarbrick A, Caldon CE, Lim E. MDM2 inhibition in combination with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibition for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:87. [PMID: 32787886 PMCID: PMC7425060 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major clinical challenge in the management of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In this setting, p53 is frequently wildtype and its activity may be suppressed via upregulation of its key regulator MDM2. This underlies our rationale to evaluate MDM2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in treatment-resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Methods We used the MDM2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097 to treat in vitro and in vivo models alone and in combination with fulvestrant or palbociclib. We perform cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and senescence assays to evaluate anti-tumour effects in p53 wildtype and p53 mutant ER-positive cell lines (MCF-7, ZR75-1, T-47D) and MCF-7 lines resistant to endocrine therapy and to CDK4/6 inhibition. We further assess the drug effects in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of endocrine-sensitive and endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Results We demonstrate that MDM2 inhibition results in cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in p53-wildtype in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models, leading to potent anti-tumour activity. We find that endocrine therapy or CDK4/6 inhibition synergises with MDM2 inhibition but does not further enhance apoptosis. Instead, combination treatments result in profound regulation of cell cycle-related transcriptional programmes, with synergy achieved through increased antagonism of cell cycle progression. Combination therapy pushes cell lines resistant to fulvestrant or palbociclib to become senescent and significantly reduces tumour growth in a fulvestrant-resistant patient-derived xenograft model. Conclusions We conclude that MDM2 inhibitors in combination with ER degraders or CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a rational strategy for treating advanced, endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer, operating through synergistic activation of cell cycle co-regulatory programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Portman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Heloisa H Milioli
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sarah Alexandrou
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Coulson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aliza Yong
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kristine J Fernandez
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kee Ming Chia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ensar Halilovic
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Davendra Segara
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Parker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Alex Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu DH, Xu ZY, Mo S, Yuan L, Cheng XD, Qin JJ. Targeting MDMX for Cancer Therapy: Rationale, Strategies, and Challenges. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1389. [PMID: 32850448 PMCID: PMC7419686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogene MDMX, also known as MDM4 is a critical negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53 and has been implicated in the initiation and progression of human cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that MDMX is often amplified and highly expressed in human cancers, promotes cancer cell growth, and inhibits apoptosis by dampening p53-mediated transcription of its target genes. Inhibiting MDMX-p53 interaction has been found to be effective for restoring the tumor suppressor activity of p53. Therefore, MDMX is becoming one of the most promising molecular targets for developing anticancer therapeutics. In the present review, we mainly focus on the current MDMX-targeting strategies and known MDMX inhibitors, as well as their mechanisms of action and in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities. We also propose other potential targeting strategies for developing more specific and effective MDMX inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Hua Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Mo
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li H, Cui Y, Liu C, Xu Z, Zhao Z, Rong F. Mutation of MDM2 gene in Chinese Han women with idiopathic premature ovarian insufficiency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:1688-1692. [PMID: 32782690 PMCID: PMC7414479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent animal studies have demonstrated that the deletion of mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) in mice leads to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether mutations in the MDM2 gene contribute to POI in Chinese Han women. METHODS The coding region of the MDM2 gene was examined in 54 Chinese Han women with idiopathic POI and 54 Han healthy controls. Two known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs937283 in 5'-UTR and rs2870820 in intron 1, were compared between both POI and control groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the genotype distributions or allelic frequencies between the POI and control groups. No plausible causative mutations were identified. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mutations in the coding region of the MDM2 gene may not represent a risk factor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic POI among Chinese Han women. Although we fail to confirm that MDM2 is a disease-causing gene, our study is the first to investigate the role of MDM2 in POI patients. Further studies with larger sample size from different ethnic populations are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan 250014, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Dezhou People’s HospitalDezhou 253000, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityWeihai 264200, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinan 250014, China
| | - Zhiyan Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Weihai Second Municipal Hospital, Qingdao UniversityWeihai 264200, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityWeihai 264200, China
| | - Fengnian Rong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityWeihai 264200, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pu Q, Lv YR, Dong K, Geng WW, Gao HD. Tumor suppressor OTUD3 induces growth inhibition and apoptosis by directly deubiquitinating and stabilizing p53 in invasive breast carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:583. [PMID: 32571254 PMCID: PMC7310228 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P53 pathway inactivation plays an important role in the process of breast cancer tumorigenesis. Post-translational protein modification abnormalities have been confirmed to be an important mechanism underlying inactivation of p53. Numerous deubiquitinating enzymes are aberrantly expressed in breast cancer, and a few deubiquitination enzymes can deubiquitinate and stabilize p53. Here, we report that ovarian tumor (OTU) deubiquitinase 3 (OTUD3) is a deubiquitylase of p53 in breast carcinoma (BC). Methods Correlations between the mRNA expression levels of OTUD3, TP53 and PTEN and the prognosis of BC were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier Plotter tool. OTUD3 protein expression in 80 pairs of specimens in our cohort was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The relationship among OTUD3, p53, and p21 proteins was analyzed. Half-life analysis and ubiquitylation assay were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which OTUD3 stabilizes p53. The interaction between OTUD3 and p53 in BC cells was verified by a co-immunoprecipitation assay and GST pulldown experiments. MTS assay for proliferation detection, detection of apoptosis induced by cisplatin and colony formation assay were employed to investigate the functional effects of OTUD3 on breast cancer cells. Results OTUD3 downregulation is correlated with a poor prognosis in BC patients. OTUD3 expression is decreased in breast cancer tissues and not associated with the histological grade. OTUD3 also inhibits cell proliferation and clone formation and increases the sensitivity of BC cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs. Reduced OTUD3 expression accompanied by decreased p53 abundance is correlated with human breast cancer progression. Ectopic expression of wild-type OTUD3, but not its catalytically inactive mutant, stabilizes and activates p53. Mechanistically, OTUD3 interacts directly with p53 through the amino-terminal OTU region. Finally, OTUD3 protects p53 from murine double minute 2 (Mdm2)-mediated ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the deubiquitination of p53 in BC cells. Conclusions In summary, we found that OTUD3 may be a potential therapeutic target for restoring p53 function in breast cancer cells and suggest that the OTUD3-p53 signaling axis may play a critical role in tumor suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Rong Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ke Dong
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Dong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China. .,Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266035, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Transcriptomic analyses of gene expression by CRISPR knockout of miR-214 in cervical cancer cells. Genomics 2020; 112:1490-1499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
32
|
Fan Y, Ma K, Jing J, Wang C, Hu Y, Shi Y, Li E, Geng Q. Recombinant Dual-target MDM2/MDMX Inhibitor Reverses Doxorubicin Resistance through Activation of the TAB1/TAK1/p38 MAPK Pathway in Wild-type p53 Multidrug-resistant Breast Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:25-40. [PMID: 31892970 PMCID: PMC6930415 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance represents a major obstacle for the treatment of patients with breast cancer (BC) and greatly restricts the therapeutic effect of the first-line chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the recombinant dual-target murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and murine double minute X (MDMX) inhibitor in reversing the DOX resistance of BC. Both DOX-resistant human breast carcinoma cell lines exhibited a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. The ability of the dual-target MDM2/MDMX inhibitor in reversing doxorubicin resistance was subsequently verified, (9.15 and 13.92 - fold reversal indexes) respectively. We observed that the MDM2/MDMX inhibitor in combination with DOX could suppress proliferation, promote cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis. In addition, it was capable of reducing rhodamine123 efflux in DOX-resistance BC cell lines and further played a key role in BC nude mice model. The groups that were treated with the combination of the drugs had decreased P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance-associated protein/cdc 2/Bcl-2 expression and increased CyclinB1/Bax expression. These effects were caused due to activation of the transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein 1 (TAB1)/TAK1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, as shown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing and immumohistochemical staining of BC tissue sections. Furthermore, high MDM2/MDMX expression was positively associated with weak TAB1 expression in BC patients. Therefore, the recombinant dual-target MDM2/MDMX inhibitor could reverse doxorubicin resistance via the activation of the TAB1/TAK1/p38 MAPK pathway in wild-type p53 multidrug-resistant BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangwei Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450052, China
| | - Jiayu Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, China
| | - Chuying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, China
| | - Enxiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, China
| | - Qianqian Geng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Antoniou N, Lagopati N, Balourdas DI, Nikolaou M, Papalampros A, Vasileiou PVS, Myrianthopoulos V, Kotsinas A, Shiloh Y, Liontos M, Gorgoulis VG. The Role of E3, E4 Ubiquitin Ligase (UBE4B) in Human Pathologies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010062. [PMID: 31878315 PMCID: PMC7017255 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome is exposed daily to many deleterious factors. Ubiquitination is a mechanism that regulates several crucial cellular functions, allowing cells to react upon various stimuli in order to preserve their homeostasis. Ubiquitin ligases act as specific regulators and actively participate among others in the DNA damage response (DDR) network. UBE4B is a newly identified member of E3 ubiquitin ligases that appears to be overexpressed in several human neoplasms. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the role of UBE4B ubiquitin ligase in DDR and its association with p53 expression, shedding light particularly on the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Antoniou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Dimitrios Ilias Balourdas
- Department of Pharmacy, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (D.I.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Michail Nikolaou
- General Maternal Hospital of Athens “Elena Venizelou”, GR-11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Papalampros
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis V. S. Vasileiou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
| | - Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- Department of Pharmacy, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (D.I.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (V.G.G.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2350 (V.G.G.)
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (N.A.); (N.L.); (P.V.S.V.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (V.G.G.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2350 (V.G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gamell C, Bandilovska I, Gulati T, Kogan A, Lim SC, Kovacevic Z, Takano EA, Timpone C, Agupitan AD, Litchfield C, Blandino G, Horvath LG, Fox SB, Williams SG, Russo A, Gallo E, Paul PJ, Mitchell C, Sandhu S, Keam SP, Haupt S, Richardson DR, Haupt Y. E6AP Promotes a Metastatic Phenotype in Prostate Cancer. iScience 2019; 22:1-15. [PMID: 31739170 PMCID: PMC6864340 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although primary prostate cancer is largely curable, progression to metastatic disease is associated with very poor prognosis. E6AP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a transcriptional co-factor involved in normal prostate development. E6AP drives prostate cancer when overexpressed. Our study exposed a role for E6AP in the promotion of metastatic phenotype in prostate cells. We revealed that elevated levels of E6AP in primary prostate cancer correlate with regional metastasis and demonstrated that E6AP promotes acquisition of mesenchymal features, migration potential, and ability for anchorage-independent growth. We identified the metastasis suppressor NDRG1 as a target of E6AP and showed it is key in E6AP induction of mesenchymal phenotype. We showed that treatment of prostate cancer cells with pharmacological agents upregulated NDRG1 expression suppressed E6AP-induced cell migration. We propose that the E6AP-NDRG1 axis is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of E6AP-driven metastatic prostate cancer. Elevated E6AP levels in primary PC in men correlate with regional metastasis Elevated E6AP levels promote mesenchymal features and migration potential E6AP promotes a metastatic phenotype by reducing NDRG1 expression levels Pharmacological upregulation of NDRG1 suppresses E6AP-induced cell migration
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gamell
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ivona Bandilovska
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Twishi Gulati
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arielle Kogan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Syer Choon Lim
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elena A Takano
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Clelia Timpone
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Arjelle D Agupitan
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Cassandra Litchfield
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Lisa G Horvath
- The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrea Russo
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Piotr J Paul
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Catherine Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Simon P Keam
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gao C, Xiao G, Bargonetti J. Contemplations on MDMX (MDM4) driving triple negative breast cancer circulating tumor cells and metastasis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5007-5010. [PMID: 31489110 PMCID: PMC6707941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MDMX (MDM4) is emerging as an important breast cancer (BC) biomarker, and oncoprotein, that can be targeted in combination with its well-known family member MDM2. While MDM2 has previously been implicated in driving BC metastasis, information about the role of MDMX in driving circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and BC metastasis is lacking. BCs often have alterations of MDM2, MDMX, and mutant p53 (mtp53). Therefore, the role of MDM2 and MDMX in the context of mtp53 in BCs requires further clarification. Our group has recently reported that triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis is dependent on both MDM2 and MDMX, and depleting MDM2 results in increased MDMX, but depleting MDMX does not cause an increase in MDM2. In the context of human TNBC expressing mtp53 in an orthotopic mouse model the down-regulation of MDMX virtually cleared CTCs from the blood. Contemplations, using the available literature, suggest that disrupting the stability and/or function of MDMX protein (and its downstream targets), in the context of mtp53 expressing BCs, might be beneficial for patient survival. It remains to be determined if blocking mtp53-MDMX pathways can inhibit early stage TNBC and eliminate CTCs that have the potential to form metastatic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Gao
- The Department of Biological Sciences at Hunter College, Belfer Building, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center Biology Program of City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gu Xiao
- The Department of Biological Sciences at Hunter College, Belfer Building, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- The Department of Biological Sciences at Hunter College, Belfer Building, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center Biology Program of City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu P, Li Y, Li P, Zhang Y, Wang X. c-Myc induced the regulation of long non-coding RNA RHPN1-AS1 on breast cancer cell proliferation via inhibiting P53. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:1219-1229. [PMID: 31089812 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The global burden of breast cancer has been increasing, the mechanism of which is related to multifactorial accumulation of gene mutations. Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) has been linked to multiple kinds of tumorigenesis. We aimed to identify functionally relevant targets of RHPN1 Antisense RNA 1 (RHPN1-AS1) in breast cancer using breast cancer cell line-based model. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed higher expression levels of RHPN1-AS1 in human breast cancer tissues and cell line MCF-7. RHPN1-AS1 was also located in MCF-7 cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization and western blot assays. Knockdown of RHPN1-AS1 delivered by lentivirus system inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation indicated by the cell proliferation and colony formation assays, and the knockdown of RHPN1-AS1 enhanced P53 protein expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, luciferase reporter assay validated that RHPN1-AS1 is a molecular sponge of miR-4261, and direct transcriptional target of c-Myc. RHPN1-AS1 exerts tumorigenesis by regulating P53 expression via MDM2 gene. These findings provide insights into the role and mechanism of action of lncRNA RHPN-AS1 in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Heze, 274031, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Heze, 274031, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Heze, 274031, Shandong, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Heze, 274031, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Heze Municipal Hospital, No. 2888 Caozhou Road, Heze, 274031, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ferreira MA, Gamazon ER, Al-Ejeh F, Aittomäki K, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arason A, Arndt V, Aronson KJ, Arun BK, Asseryanis E, Azzollini J, Balmaña J, Barnes DR, Barrowdale D, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Białkowska K, Blomqvist C, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Bolla MK, Borg A, Brauch H, Brenner H, Broeks A, Burwinkel B, Caldés T, Caligo MA, Campa D, Campbell I, Canzian F, Carter J, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Christiansen H, Chung WK, Claes KBM, Clarke CL, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, de la Hoya M, Dennis J, Devilee P, Diez O, Dörk T, Dunning AM, Dwek M, Eccles DM, Ejlertsen B, Ellberg C, Engel C, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Fletcher O, Flyger H, Friedman E, Frost D, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, Ganz PA, Gapstur SM, Garber J, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, Giles GG, Glendon G, Godwin AK, Goldberg MS, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Greene MH, Gronwald J, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hamann U, He W, Heyworth J, Hogervorst FBL, Hollestelle A, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Hulick PJ, Humphreys K, Imyanitov EN, Isaacs C, Jakimovska M, Jakubowska A, James PA, Janavicius R, Jankowitz RC, John EM, Johnson N, Joseph V, Karlan BY, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Ko YD, Jones ME, Konstantopoulou I, Kristensen VN, Laitman Y, Lambrechts D, Lazaro C, Leslie G, Lester J, Lesueur F, Lindström S, Long J, Loud JT, Lubiński J, Makalic E, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Margolin S, Maurer T, Mavroudis D, McGuffog L, Meindl A, Menon U, Michailidou K, Miller A, Montagna M, Moreno F, Moserle L, Mulligan AM, Nathanson KL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Nevelsteen I, Nielsen FC, Nikitina-Zake L, Nussbaum RL, Offit K, Olah E, Olopade OI, Olsson H, Osorio A, Papp J, Park-Simon TW, Parsons MT, Pedersen IS, Peixoto A, Peterlongo P, Pharoah PDP, Plaseska-Karanfilska D, Poppe B, Presneau N, Radice P, Rantala J, Rennert G, Risch HA, Saloustros E, Sanden K, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt MK, Schmutzler RK, Sharma P, Shu XO, Simard J, Singer CF, Soucy P, Southey MC, Spinelli JJ, Spurdle AB, Stone J, Swerdlow AJ, Tapper WJ, Taylor JA, Teixeira MR, Terry MB, Teulé A, Thomassen M, Thöne K, Thull DL, Tischkowitz M, Toland AE, Torres D, Truong T, Tung N, Vachon CM, van Asperen CJ, van den Ouweland AMW, van Rensburg EJ, Vega A, Viel A, Wang Q, Wappenschmidt B, Weitzel JN, Wendt C, Winqvist R, Yang XR, Yannoukakos D, Ziogas A, Kraft P, Antoniou AC, Zheng W, Easton DF, Milne RL, Beesley J, Chenevix-Trench G. Genome-wide association and transcriptome studies identify target genes and risk loci for breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1741. [PMID: 30988301 PMCID: PMC6465407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 breast cancer susceptibility loci. Here we hypothesize that some risk-associated variants might act in non-breast tissues, specifically adipose tissue and immune cells from blood and spleen. Using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) reported in these tissues, we identify 26 previously unreported, likely target genes of overall breast cancer risk variants, and 17 for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, several with a known immune function. We determine the directional effect of gene expression on disease risk measured based on single and multiple eQTL. In addition, using a gene-based test of association that considers eQTL from multiple tissues, we identify seven (and four) regions with variants associated with overall (and ER-negative) breast cancer risk, which were not reported in previous GWAS. Further investigation of the function of the implicated genes in breast and immune cells may provide insights into the etiology of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Ferreira
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9AL, UK
| | - Fares Al-Ejeh
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA, 92617
| | - Adalgeir Arason
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- BMC (Biomedical Centre), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, C070, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ella Asseryanis
- Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacopo Azzollini
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Oncogenetics Group, Vall dHebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 8035, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel R Barnes
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia
| | - Katarzyna Białkowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Örebro University Hospital, 70185, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, 223040, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 222 41, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, C070, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Womens Clinic Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Molecular Genetics, Dept. of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Campa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Carter
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse and The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Brian D Carter
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Oncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, 36312, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Christine L Clarke
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, CIBERONC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Group, Vall dHebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 8035, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Molecular Genetics Area, University Hospital Vall dHebron, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Diana M Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Ellberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Eitan Friedman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Cancer Prevention & Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90096-6900, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30303
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20850-9772, USA
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wei He
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jane Heyworth
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Frans B L Hogervorst
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Milena Jakimovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
- Independent Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, 71-252, Poland
| | - Paul A James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- Hematology, oncology and transfusion medicine center, Dept. of Molecular and Regenerative Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, 08410, Lithuania
| | - Rachel C Jankowitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Nichola Johnson
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054, Ufa, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State Medical University, 450076, Ufa, Russia
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, 53177, Germany
| | - Michael E Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0379, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0450, Norway
| | - Yael Laitman
- The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Conxi Lazaro
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, ICO-IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Catalan Institute of Oncology), CIBERONC, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Goska Leslie
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jenny Lester
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm U900, Paris, 75005, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, 75005, France
- Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, 77305, France
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20850-9772, USA
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Enes Makalic
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 118 83, Sweden
| | - Tabea Maurer
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, 711 10, Greece
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Munich, Campus Großhadern, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London, WC1V 6LJ, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology and The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, 1683, Cyprus
| | - Austin Miller
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Fernando Moreno
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Moserle
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19066, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | | | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1714, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | | | - Håkan Olsson
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 222 42, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Osorio
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janos Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | | | - Michael T Parsons
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Inge Sokilde Pedersen
- Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark
| | - Ana Peixoto
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, 4220-072, Portugal
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- Genome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - the FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Nadege Presneau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, W1B 2HW, UK
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Gad Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, 35254, Israel
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | | | - Kristin Sanden
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genetics Community Research Network, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Christian F Singer
- Dept of OB/GYN and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Penny Soucy
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Research Center, Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1G1, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - William J Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jack A Taylor
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, 4220-072, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, 4050-013, Portugal
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alex Teulé
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute),Catalan Institute of Oncology, CIBERONC, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odence C, 5000, Denmark
| | - Kathrin Thöne
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Darcy L Thull
- Department of Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, 110231, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Science Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Ans M W van den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ana Vega
- Fundación Pública galega Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-USC, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alessandra Viel
- Division of Functional onco-genomics and genetics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Camilla Wendt
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 118 83, Sweden
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA, 92617
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bauer M, Kantelhardt EJ, Stiewe T, Nist A, Mernberger M, Politt K, Hanf V, Lantzsch T, Uleer C, Peschel S, John J, Buchmann J, Weigert E, Bürrig KF, Wickenhauser C, Thomssen C, Bartel F, Vetter M. Specific allelic variants of SNPs in the MDM2 and MDMX genes are associated with earlier tumor onset and progression in Caucasian breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1975-1992. [PMID: 30956778 PMCID: PMC6443004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors play a substantial role in breast cancer etiology. Genes encoding proteins that have key functions in the DNA damage response, such as p53 and its inhibitors MDM2 and MDMX, are most likely candidates to harbor allelic variants that influence breast cancer susceptibility. The aim of our study was to comprehensively analyze the impact of SNPs in the TP53, MDM2, and MDMX genes in conjunction with TP53 mutational status regarding the onset and progression of breast cancer. Methods In specimen from 815 breast cancer patients, five SNPs within the selected genes were analyzed: TP53 – Arg72Pro (rs1042522), MDM2 – SNP285 (rs2279744), SNP309 (rs117039649); MDMX – SNP31826 (rs1563828), and SNP34091 (rs4245739). Classification of the tumors was evaluated by histomorphology. Subtyping according hormone receptor status, HER2-status and proliferation rate enabled provision of the clinico-pathological surrogate of intrinsic subtypes. Results The homozygous C-allele of MDM2 SNP285 was significantly associated with a younger age-at-diagnosis of 44.2 years, in contrast to G/G- and G/C-patients (62.4, 62.7 yrs., respectively; p = 0.0007; log-Rank-test). In contrast, there was no difference regarding the age-at-diagnosis for patients with the respective genotypes of MDM2 SNP309 (p = 0.799; log-Rank-test). In patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and TP53-mutated tumors, however, the T/T-genotype of the MDM2 SNP309 was significantly associated with an earlier average age-at-diagnosis compared with T/G+G/G-patients (53.5 vs. 68.2 yrs; p = 0.002; log-Rank-test). In the triple-negative subgroup, the G/G-patients had an average age-at-diagnosis of 51 years compared with 63 years for SNP309T carriers (p = 0.004; log-Rank-test) indicating a susceptibility of the G/G genotype for the development of triple negative breast cancer. Patients with the A/A-genotype of MDMX SNP31826 with ER-negative tumors were diagnosed 11 years earlier compared with patients and ER-positive tumors (53.2 vs. 64.4 yrs; p = 0.025, log-Rank-test). Furthermore, in luminal B-like patients (HER2-independent) the C/C-genotype of MDMX SNP34091 was significantly correlated with a decreased event-free survival compared with the A/A-genotype (p < 0.001; log-Rank-test). Conclusions We showed that SNPs in the MDM2 and MDMX genes affect at least in part the onset and progression of breast cancer dependent on the ER-status. Our findings provide further evidence for the distinct etiological pathways in ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Politt
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Hanf
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Tilmann Lantzsch
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Susanne Peschel
- Department of Gynaecology, St. Bernward Hospital, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Jutta John
- Department of Gynaecology, Helios Hospital Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Jörg Buchmann
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Martha-Maria, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edith Weigert
- Institute of Pathology, Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Bartel
- Institute of Pathology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martina Vetter
- Department of Gynaecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gao C, Xiao G, Piersigilli A, Gou J, Ogunwobi O, Bargonetti J. Context-dependent roles of MDMX (MDM4) and MDM2 in breast cancer proliferation and circulating tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:5. [PMID: 30642351 PMCID: PMC6332579 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many human breast cancers overexpress the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and its homolog MDMX. Expression of MDM2 and MDMX occurs in estrogen receptor α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). There are p53-independent influences of MDM2 and MDMX, and 80% of TNBC express mutant p53 (mtp53). MDM2 drives TNBC circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in mice, but the context-dependent influences of MDM2 and MDMX on different subtypes of breast cancers expressing mtp53 have not been determined. METHODS To assess the context-dependent roles, we carried out MDM2 and MDMX knockdown in orthotopic tumors of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells expressing mtp53 R280K and MDM2 knockdown in ERα+ T47D cells expressing mtp53 L194F. The corresponding cell proliferation was scored in vitro by growth curves and in vivo by orthotopic tumor volumes. Cell migration was assessed in vitro by wound-healing assays and cell intravasation in vivo by sorting GFP-positive CTCs by flow cytometry. The metastasis gene targets were determined by an RT-PCR array card screen and verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Knocking down MDMX or MDM2 in MDA-MB-231 cells reduced cell migration and CTC detection, but only MDMX knockdown reduced tumor volumes at early time points. This is the first report of MDMX overexpression in TNBC enhancing the CTC phenotype with correlated upregulation of CXCR4. Experiments were carried out to compare MDM2-knockdown outcomes in nonmetastatic ERα+ T47D cells. The knockdown of MDM2 in ERα+ T47D orthotopic tumors decreased primary tumor volumes, supporting our previous finding that estrogen-activated MDM2 increases cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that the expression of MDM2 in ERα+ breast cancer and TNBC can result in different tumor-promoting outcomes. Both MDMX and MDM2 overexpression in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells enhanced the CTC phenotype. These data indicate that both MDM2 and MDMX can promote TNBC metastasis and that it is important to consider the context-dependent roles of MDM2 family members in different subtypes of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Gao
- Graduate Center Biology Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, Belfer Building, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Weill Cornell Medical College, City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Building, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Gu Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Weill Cornell Medical College, City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Building, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiangtao Gou
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, Belfer Building, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olorunseun Ogunwobi
- Graduate Center Biology Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, Belfer Building, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Weill Cornell Medical College, City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Building, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- Graduate Center Biology Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, Belfer Building, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and Weill Cornell Medical College, City University of New York, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Building, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu L, Yang L, Chang H, Chen YN, Zhang F, Feng S, Peng J, Ren CC, Zhang XA. CP‑31398 attenuates endometrial cancer cell invasion, metastasis and resistance to apoptosis by downregulating MDM2 expression. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:942-954. [PMID: 30628640 PMCID: PMC6365028 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of the female reproductive system, and metastasis is a major cause of mortality. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of CP-31398 in the migration, invasion and apoptosis of EC cells by its regulation of the expression of the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene. For this purpose, EC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected, and the positive expression rate of MDM2 in these tissues was assessed. Subsequently, the cellular 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CP-31398 was measured. The EC RL95-2 and KLE cell lines had a higher MDM2 expression and were thus selected for use in subsequent experiments. The EC cells were then treated with CP-31398 (2 µg/ml), and were transfected with siRNA against MDM2 or an MDM2 overexpression plasmid in order to examine the effects of CP-31398 and MDM2 on EC cell activities. The expression of p53, p21, Bad, Bax, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome c (Cyt-c), caspase-3, Cox-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was measured to further confirm the effects of CP-31398 on cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. Our results indicated that MDM2 was highly expressed in EC tissues. Notably, EC cell viability decreased with the increasing concentrations of CP-31398. The EC cells treated with CP-31398 or siRNA against MDM2 exhibited an increased apoptosis and a suppressed migration and invasion, corresponding to an increased expression of p53, p21, Bad, Bax, Cyt-c and caspase-3, as well as to a decreased expression of Bcl-2, Cox-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, treatment with CP-31398 and siRNA against MDM2 further enhanced these effects. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that the CP-31398-mediated downregulation of MDM2 may suppress EC progression via its inhibitory role in EC cell migration, invasion and resistance to apoptosis. Therefore, treatment with CP-31398 may prove to be possible therapeutic strategy for EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chang
- Laboratory of Tumor Precision Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Nan Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-An Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Safar R, Houlgatte R, Le Faou A, Ronzani C, Wu W, Ferrari L, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Rihn BH, Joubert O. Encapsulation of S-nitrosoglutathione: a transcriptomic validation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:423-429. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1546313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramia Safar
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- INSERM U1256, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Le Faou
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Carole Ronzani
- UMR 7199 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wen Wu
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
| | - Luc Ferrari
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
- Institut Jean-Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Bertrand H. Rihn
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
- Institut Jean-Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Joubert
- EA 3452 CITHÉFOR, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
- Institut Jean-Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fan Y, Li M, Ma K, Hu Y, Jing J, Shi Y, Li E, Dong D. Dual-target MDM2/MDMX inhibitor increases the sensitization of doxorubicin and inhibits migration and invasion abilities of triple-negative breast cancer cells through activation of TAB1/TAK1/p38 MAPK pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:617-632. [PMID: 30462562 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1539290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis mainly due to insensitivity or resistance to standard anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy, urgently calling for new adjuvants to reverse drug resistance. Dual-target murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and murine double minute X (MDMX) inhibitor has been proved to play a critical part against cancer, particularly focusing on the tremendous potential to enhance the efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX), however little was reported in TNBC. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic antitumor effect of the MDM2/MDMX inhibitor with DOX using three TNBC cell lines, two in situ transplantation tumor models and 214 clinical samples. We observed that the MDM2/MDMX inhibitor combined with DOX could not only inhibit cell vitality and migration and invasion abilities, but also highly inhibit tumor growth in TNBC nude mice. Besides, co-treatment of MDM2/MDMX inhibitor and DOX suppressed epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through increasing the TAK1-binding protein 1 (TAB1), transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression. Small interfering RNA-mediated TAB1 knockdown induced the EMT, desensitized cells to DOX and enhanced the migration and invasion abilities. High MDM2/MDMX expression was positively associated with weak TAB1 expression in 214 TNBC tumor tissues confirmed by immumohistochemical staining and MDM2/MDMX/TAB1 expression was significantly related to TNBC patient survival. These findings indicate that dual-target MDM2/MDMX inhibitor could increase the sensitization of doxorubicin and inhibit migration and invasion abilities in TNBC cells through p38 MAPK pathway activation caused EMT suppression and hence could be useful in TNBC treatments in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangwei Fan
- a Department of Medical Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of medical school of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Mengya Li
- b Department of Medical Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University , Kaifeng , China
| | - Ke Ma
- c Department of Medical Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yuan Hu
- a Department of Medical Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of medical school of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiayu Jing
- a Department of Medical Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of medical school of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yu Shi
- a Department of Medical Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of medical school of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Enxiao Li
- a Department of Medical Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of medical school of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Danfeng Dong
- a Department of Medical Oncology , the First Affiliated Hospital of medical school of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kocaturk NM, Gozuacik D. Crosstalk Between Mammalian Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:128. [PMID: 30333975 PMCID: PMC6175981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular quality control and recycling mechanisms that are responsible for cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. Ubiquitylation is utilized as a degradation signal by both systems, yet, different mechanisms are in play. The UPS is responsible for the degradation of short-lived proteins and soluble misfolded proteins whereas autophagy eliminates long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates and even whole organelles (e.g., mitochondria, peroxisomes) and intracellular parasites (e.g., bacteria). Both the UPS and selective autophagy recognize their targets through their ubiquitin tags. In addition to an indirect connection between the two systems through ubiquitylated proteins, recent data indicate the presence of connections and reciprocal regulation mechanisms between these degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize these direct and indirect interactions and crosstalks between autophagy and the UPS, and their implications for cellular stress responses and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Mehpare Kocaturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Komoto TT, Bernardes TM, Mesquita TB, Bortolotto LFB, Silva G, Bitencourt TA, Baek SJ, Marins M, Fachin AL. Chalcones Repressed the AURKA and MDR Proteins Involved in Metastasis and Multiple Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082018. [PMID: 30104527 PMCID: PMC6222917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, trans-chalcone and licochalcone A were tested against MCF-7 and BT-20 breast cancer cell lines for anti-tumor activity. We found that both chalcones down regulated important genes associated to cancer development and inhibited cell migration of metastatic cells (BT-20). Finally, we observed that licochalcone A reduces the MDR-1 protein, while both chalcones suppress the AURKA protein in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we observed the trans-chalcone and licochalcone A affected the cell viability of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-20 and presents anti-metastatic and anti-resistance potential, by the repression of AUKA and MDR-1 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Takahasi Komoto
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Tayná Minervina Bernardes
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Balthazar Mesquita
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Buso Bortolotto
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Silva
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil.
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Tamires Aparecida Bitencourt
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Mozart Marins
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia Fachin
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Qin JJ, Li X, Hunt C, Wang W, Wang H, Zhang R. Natural products targeting the p53-MDM2 pathway and mutant p53: Recent advances and implications in cancer medicine. Genes Dis 2018; 5:204-219. [PMID: 30320185 PMCID: PMC6176154 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a major role in controlling the initiation and development of cancer by regulating cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, and DNA repair. The MDM2 oncogene is a major negative regulator of p53 that inhibits the activity of p53 and reduces its protein stability. MDM2, p53, and the p53-MDM2 pathway represent well-documented targets for preventing and/or treating cancer. Natural products, especially those from medicinal and food plants, are a rich source for the discovery and development of novel therapeutic and preventive agents against human cancers. Many natural product-derived MDM2 inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against various human cancers. In contrast to synthetic small-molecule MDM2 inhibitors, the majority of which have been designed to inhibit MDM2-p53 binding and activate p53, many natural product inhibitors directly decrease MDM2 expression and/or MDM2 stability, exerting their anticancer activity in both p53-dependent and p53-independent manners. More recently, several natural products have been reported to target mutant p53 in cancer. Therefore, identification of natural products targeting MDM2, mutant p53, and the p53-MDM2 pathway can provide a promising strategy for the development of novel cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we focus our discussion on the recent advances in the discovery and development of anticancer natural products that target the p53-MDM2 pathway, emphasizing several emerging issues, such as the efficacy, mechanism of action, and specificity of these natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Courtney Hunt
- Center for Drug Discovery, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX, 77204, USA. Fax: +1 713 743 1229.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gordon EM, Ravicz JR, Liu S, Chawla SP, Hall FL. Cell cycle checkpoint control: The cyclin G1/Mdm2/p53 axis emerges as a strategic target for broad-spectrum cancer gene therapy - A review of molecular mechanisms for oncologists. Mol Clin Oncol 2018; 9:115-134. [PMID: 30101008 PMCID: PMC6083405 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2018.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic research in genetics, biochemistry and cell biology has identified the executive enzymes and protein kinase activities that regulate the cell division cycle of all eukaryotic organisms, thereby elucidating the importance of site-specific protein phosphorylation events that govern cell cycle progression. Research in cancer genomics and virology has provided meaningful links to mammalian checkpoint control elements with the characterization of growth-promoting proto-oncogenes encoding c-Myc, Mdm2, cyclins A, D1 and G1, and opposing tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, pRb, p16INK4A and p21WAF1, which are commonly dysregulated in cancer. While progress has been made in identifying numerous enzymes and molecular interactions associated with cell cycle checkpoint control, the marked complexity, particularly the functional redundancy, of these cell cycle control enzymes in mammalian systems, presents a major challenge in discerning an optimal locus for therapeutic intervention in the clinical management of cancer. Recent advances in genetic engineering, functional genomics and clinical oncology converged in identifying cyclin G1 (CCNG1 gene) as a pivotal component of a commanding cyclin G1/Mdm2/p53 axis and a strategic locus for re-establishing cell cycle control by means of therapeutic gene transfer. The purpose of the present study is to provide a focused review of cycle checkpoint control as a practicum for clinical oncologists with an interest in applied molecular medicine. The aim is to present a unifying model that: i) clarifies the function of cyclin G1 in establishing proliferative competence, overriding p53 checkpoints and advancing cell cycle progression; ii) is supported by studies of inhibitory microRNAs linking CCNG1 expression to the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and viral subversion; and iii) provides a mechanistic basis for understanding the broad-spectrum anticancer activity and single-agent efficacy observed with dominant-negative cyclin G1, whose cytocidal mechanism of action triggers programmed cell death. Clinically, the utility of companion diagnostics for cyclin G1 pathways is anticipated in the staging, prognosis and treatment of cancers, including the potential for rational combinatorial therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erlinda M Gordon
- Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.,Aveni Foundation, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA.,DELTA Next-Gen, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA
| | - Joshua R Ravicz
- Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | - Seiya Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sant P Chawla
- Cancer Center of Southern California/Sarcoma Oncology Center, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | - Frederick L Hall
- Aveni Foundation, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA.,DELTA Next-Gen, LLC, Santa Monica, CA 90405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
McGowan EM, Lin Y, Hatoum D. Good Guy or Bad Guy? The Duality of Wild-Type p53 in Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer Origin, Treatment, and Recurrence. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060172. [PMID: 29857525 PMCID: PMC6025368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"Lactation is at one point perilously near becoming a cancerous process if it is at all arrested", Beatson, 1896. Most breast cancers arise from the milk-producing cells that are characterized by aberrant cellular, molecular, and epigenetic translation. By understanding the underlying molecular disruptions leading to the origin of cancer, we might be able to design novel strategies for more efficacious treatments or, ambitiously, divert the cancerous process. It is an established reality that full-term pregnancy in a young woman provides a lifetime reduction in breast cancer risk, whereas delay in full-term pregnancy increases short-term breast cancer risk and the probability of latent breast cancer development. Hormonal activation of the p53 protein (encode by the TP53 gene) in the mammary gland at a critical time in pregnancy has been identified as one of the most important determinants of whether the mammary gland develops latent breast cancer. This review discusses what is known about the protective influence of female hormones in young parous women, with a specific focus on the opportune role of wild-type p53 reprogramming in mammary cell differentiation. The importance of p53 as a protector or perpetrator in hormone-dependent breast cancer, resistance to treatment, and recurrence is also explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M McGowan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Yiguang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Diana Hatoum
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bulatov E, Zagidullin A, Valiullina A, Sayarova R, Rizvanov A. Small Molecule Modulators of RING-Type E3 Ligases: MDM and Cullin Families as Targets. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:450. [PMID: 29867461 PMCID: PMC5951978 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a primary signaling pathway for regulation of intracellular protein levels. E3 ubiquitin ligases, substrate-specific members of the UPS, represent highly attractive protein targets for drug discovery. The importance of E3 ligases as prospective targets for small molecule modulation is reinforced by ever growing evidence of their role in cancer and other diseases. To date the number of potent compounds targeting E3 ligases remains rather low and their rational design constitutes a challenging task. To successfully address this problem one must take into consideration the multi-subunit nature of many E3 ligases that implies multiple druggable pockets and protein-protein interfaces. In this review, we briefly cover the current state of drug discovery in the field of RING-type E3 ligases with focus on MDM and Cullin families as targets. We also provide an overview of small molecule chimeras that induce RING-type E3-mediated proteasomal degradation of substrate proteins of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bulatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Almaz Zagidullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Aygul Valiullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Regina Sayarova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Polo A, Nittoli C, Crispo A, Langastro T, Cocco S, Severino L, De Laurentiis M, Ciliberto G, Montella M, Budillon A, Costantini S. An interaction network approach to study the correlation between endocrine disrupting chemicals and breast cancer. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:2687-2696. [PMID: 29072741 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00489c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic exogenous substances affecting human health. Although present at low concentrations in the environment, they can cause a broad range of negative effects on the endocrine functions by mimicking the action of steroid hormones due to their structural similarity. Hormonal unbalance can play an important role in carcinogenesis at any stage of disease. In the case of the breast cancer, EDCs directly affect the transformation of normal breast cells into cancer cells by interfering with hormonal regulation and by inducing the alteration of factors that regulate gene expression. The principal aims of this work were to study the interaction networks of proteins modulated in breast cancer by either environmental EDCs or mycotoxins, and to identify the proteins with the strongest coordination role defined as hub nodes. Our studies evidenced the presence of seven and six hub proteins in two EDCs and mycotoxins networks, respectively. Then, by merging the two networks, we identified that three hub nodes (BCL2, ESR2 and CTNNB1) in the environmental EDCs network show direct interactions with three hub nodes (CASP8, RELA and MKI67) in the mycotoxins network. These data highlighted that two networks are linked through proteins involved in the apoptosis regulation and in processes related to cell proliferation and survival, and, thus, in breast cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polo
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cancer-mutated ribosome protein L22 (RPL22/eL22) suppresses cancer cell survival by blocking p53-MDM2 circuit. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90651-90661. [PMID: 29207594 PMCID: PMC5710875 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several ribosomal proteins (RPs) in response to various ribosomal stressors have been shown to play a critical role in p53-dependent regulation of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and tumor suppression. Here, we report ribosomal protein L22 (RPL22/eL22) as a novel p53 activator highly mutated (mostly deletion mutation) in various types of human cancers, but not essential for ribosomal biogenesis in normal cells. Ectopic expression of RPL22/eL22 suppressed the colony formation of cancer cells in a p53-dependent manner, whereas knockdown of RPL22/eL22 significantly compromised p53 activation by Actinomycin D, rescuing p53-induced G1/G0 cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, human tumors with RPL22/eL22 deletion appeared to sustain wild type p53. Mechanistically, RPL22/eL22 bound to MDM2 acidic domain and inhibited MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation, hence extending the half-life of p53. Ribosome-profiling analysis revealed that induction of ribosomal stress by Actinomycin D leads to the increase of ribosome-free RPL22/eL22 pool. Also, RPL22/eL22 formed a complex with MDM2/RPL5/uL18/RPL11/uL5 and synergized with RPL11/uL5 to activate p53. Furthermore, the N terminus of RPL22/eL22 bound to MDM2, while the C terminus interacted with RPL5/uL18/RPL11/uL5; both of these two fragments activated p53 by inhibiting MDM2. Our study indicates that RPL22/eL22 highly mutated in human cancers plays an anti-cancer role likely through regulation of the MDM2-p53 feedback loop, and also suggests that targeting the RPL22/eL22-MDM2-p53 pathway could be a potential strategy for future development of anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
|