1
|
Sun Y, Li M, Geng J, Meng S, Tu R, Zhuang Y, Sun M, Rui M, Ou M, Xing G, Johnson TK, Xie W. Neuroligin 2 governs synaptic morphology and function through RACK1-cofilin signaling in Drosophila. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1056. [PMID: 37853189 PMCID: PMC10584876 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroligins are transmembrane cell adhesion proteins well-known for their genetic links to autism spectrum disorders. Neuroligins can function by regulating the actin cytoskeleton, however the factors and mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. Here, using the Drosophila neuromuscular junction as a model, we reveal that F-Actin assembly at the Drosophila NMJ is controlled through Cofilin signaling mediated by an interaction between DNlg2 and RACK1, factors not previously known to work together. The deletion of DNlg2 displays disrupted RACK1-Cofilin signaling pathway with diminished actin cytoskeleton proteo-stasis at the terminal of the NMJ, aberrant NMJ structure, reduced synaptic transmission, and abnormal locomotion at the third-instar larval stage. Overexpression of wildtype and activated Cofilin in muscles are sufficient to rescue the morphological and physiological defects in dnlg2 mutants, while inactivated Cofilin is not. Since the DNlg2 paralog DNlg1 is known to regulate F-actin assembly mainly via a specific interaction with WAVE complex, our present work suggests that the orchestration of F-actin by Neuroligins is a diverse and complex process critical for neural connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Moyi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Junhua Geng
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Sibie Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Renjun Tu
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Mingkuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Menglong Rui
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Mengzhu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Guangling Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Travis K Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie H, Liu S, Fu Y, Cheng Q, Wang P, Bi CL, Wang R, Chen MM, Fang M. Nuclear access of DNlg3 c-terminal fragment and its function in regulating innate immune response genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:93-101. [PMID: 36525929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroligins (NLGNs) are one of the autism susceptibility genes, however, the mechanism that how dysfunction of NLGNs leads to Autism remains unclear. More and more studies have shown that the transcriptome alteration may be one of the important factors to generate Autism. Therefore, we are very concerned about whether Neuroligins would affect transcriptional regulation, which may at last lead to Autism. As a single-transmembrane receptor, proteolytic cleavage is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of NLGN proteins. In this study, we demonstrated the existence of DNlg3 C-terminal fragment. Studies in the S2 cells and HEK293T cells showed the evidence for nuclear access of the DNlg3 C-terminal fragment. Then we identified the possible targets of DNlg3 C-terminal fragment after its nuclear access by RNA-seq. The bioinformatics analysis indicated the transcriptome alteration between dnlg3 null flies and wild type flies focused on genes for the innate immune responses. These results were consistent with the infection hypotheses for autism. Our study revealed the nuclear access ability of DNlg3 c-terminal fragment and its possible function in transcriptional regulation of the innate immune response genes. This work provides the new links between synaptic adhesion molecule NLGNs and immune activation, which may help us to get a deeper understanding on the relationship between NLGNs and Autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Si Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yiqiu Fu
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Cai-Li Bi
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Meng-Meng Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ming Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan Y, Han Z, Lu X, Arbab AAI, Nazar M, Yang Y, Yang Z. Short Time-Series Expression Transcriptome Data Reveal the Gene Expression Patterns of Dairy Cow Mammary Gland as Milk Yield Decreased Process. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060942. [PMID: 34203058 PMCID: PMC8235497 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing research on dairy cow mammary gland genes is extensive, but there have been few reports about dynamic changes in dairy cow mammary gland genes as milk yield decrease. For the first time, transcriptome analysis based on short time-series expression miner (STEM) and histological observations were performed using the Holstein dairy cow mammary gland to explore gene expression patterns in this process of decrease (at peak, mid-, and late lactation). Histological observations suggested that the number of mammary acinous cells at peak/mid-lactation was significantly higher than that at mid-/late lactation, and the lipid droplets area secreted by dairy cows was almost unaltered across the three stages of lactation (p > 0.05). Totals of 882 and 1439 genes were differentially expressed at mid- and late lactation, respectively, compared to peak lactation. Function analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly related to apoptosis and energy metabolism (fold change ≥ 2 or fold change ≤ 0.5, p-value ≤ 0.05). Transcriptome analysis based on STEM identified 16 profiles of differential gene expression patterns, including 5 significant profiles (false discovery rate, FDR ≤ 0.05). Function analysis revealed DEGs involved in milk fat synthesis were downregulated in Profile 0 and DEGs in Profile 12 associated with protein synthesis. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying mammary gland development in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ziyin Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xubin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Abdelaziz Adam Idriss Arbab
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mudasir Nazar
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.F.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (A.A.I.A.); (M.N.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0514-87979269
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xue K, Hu Y, Gu S, Wang C, Kong R, Xie W, Li J. Using structural analysis to clarify the impact of single nucleotide variants in neurexin/neuroligin revealed in clinical genomic sequencing. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8085-8099. [PMID: 33818307 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1907225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The synapse is a highly specialized and dynamic structure, which is involved in regulating neurotransmission. Nerve cell adhesion molecule is a kind of transmembrane protein that mediates the interaction between cells and cells, cells and extracellular matrix, and plays a role in cell recognition, metastasis, and transmembrane signal transduction. Among nerve cell adhesion molecules, Neurexins (NRXNs) and Neuroligins (NLGNs) have been focused due to the relation with autism and other neuropsychiatric diseases. The previous research discovered numerous variants in NRXNs and NLGNs reported in neurodevelopmental disorders by genomic sequencing. However, structural variants in synaptic molecules caused by genome variants still prevent us from understanding the molecular mechanism of diseases. Thus, we sought to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment of the known NRXN and NLGN gene variants by protein structure analysis. In this study, we analyzed the structural properties of the NRXN/NLGN complex by calculating free energy in residue scanning, in combination with existing risk evaluation tools to focus on candidate missense mutations. Our calculations show that five candidate missense mutations in NLGNs can reduce the stability of NLGNs and even prevent the formation of NRXN/NLGN complexes, namely R87W, R204H, R437H, R437C and R583W. In addition, we found that the affinity of the amino acid substitution (Leu593Phe) (ΔΔG(affinity)) changes the affinity of the NLGN dimer. Overall, we have identified important potential pathological variants that provide clues to biomarkers.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Xue
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuanglin Gu
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ren Kong
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of DGHD, MOE, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neuroligin 1, 2, and 3 Regulation at the Synapse: FMRP-Dependent Translation and Activity-Induced Proteolytic Cleavage. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2741-2759. [PMID: 30056576 PMCID: PMC6459971 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroligins (NLGNs) are cell adhesion molecules located on the postsynaptic side of the synapse that interact with their presynaptic partners neurexins to maintain trans-synaptic connection. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common neurodevelopmental disease that often co-occurs with autism and is caused by the lack of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) expression. To gain an insight into the molecular interactions between the autism-related genes, we sought to determine whether FMRP controls the synaptic levels of NLGNs. We show evidences that FMRP associates with Nlgn1, Nlgn2, and Nlgn3 mRNAs in vitro in both synaptoneurosomes and neuronal cultures. Next, we confirm local translation of Nlgn1, Nlgn2, and Nlgn3 mRNAs to be synaptically regulated by FMRP. As a consequence of elevated Nlgns mRNA translation Fmr1 KO mice exhibit increased incorporation of NLGN1 and NLGN3 into the postsynaptic membrane. Finally, we show that neuroligins synaptic level is precisely and dynamically regulated by their rapid proteolytic cleavage upon NMDA receptor stimulation in both wild type and Fmr1 KO mice. In aggregate, our study provides a novel approach to understand the molecular basis of FXS by linking the dysregulated synaptic expression of NLGNs with FMRP.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ribeiro LF, Verpoort B, de Wit J. Trafficking mechanisms of synaptogenic cell adhesion molecules. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:34-47. [PMID: 29631018 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly every aspect of neuronal function, from wiring to information processing, critically depends on the highly polarized architecture of neurons. Establishing and maintaining the distinct molecular composition of axonal and dendritic compartments requires precise control over the trafficking of the proteins that make up these cellular domains. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), membrane proteins with a critical role in the formation, differentiation and plasticity of synapses, require targeting to the correct pre- or postsynaptic compartment for proper functioning of neural circuits. However, the mechanisms that control the polarized trafficking, synaptic targeting, and synaptic abundance of CAMs are poorly understood. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the sequential trafficking events along the secretory pathway that control the polarized surface distribution of synaptic CAMs, and discuss how their synaptic targeting and abundance is additionally influenced by post-secretory determinants. The identification of trafficking-impairing mutations in CAMs associated with various neurodevelopmental disorders underscores the importance of correct protein trafficking for normal brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís F Ribeiro
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben Verpoort
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xing G, Li M, Sun Y, Rui M, Zhuang Y, Lv H, Han J, Jia Z, Xie W. Neurexin-Neuroligin 1 regulates synaptic morphology and functions via the WAVE regulatory complex in Drosophila neuromuscular junction. eLife 2018. [PMID: 29537369 PMCID: PMC5873926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroligins are postsynaptic adhesion molecules that are essential for postsynaptic specialization and synaptic function. But the underlying molecular mechanisms of neuroligin functions remain unclear. We found that Drosophila Neuroligin 1 (DNlg1) regulates synaptic structure and function through WAVE regulatory complex (WRC)-mediated postsynaptic actin reorganization. The disruption of DNlg1, DNlg2, or their presynaptic partner neurexin (DNrx) led to a dramatic decrease in the amount of F-actin. Further study showed that DNlg1, but not DNlg2 or DNlg3, directly interacts with the WRC via its C-terminal interacting receptor sequence. That interaction is required to recruit WRC to the postsynaptic membrane to promote F-actin assembly. Furthermore, the interaction between DNlg1 and the WRC is essential for DNlg1 to rescue the morphological and electrophysiological defects in dnlg1 mutants. Our results reveal a novel mechanism by which the DNrx-DNlg1 trans-synaptic interaction coordinates structural and functional properties at the neuromuscular junction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Xing
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Moyi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yichen Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Menglong Rui
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junhai Han
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu J, Tao N, Tian Y, Xing G, Lv H, Han J, Lin C, Xie W. Proteolytic maturation of Drosophila Neuroligin 3 by tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme in the nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1862:440-450. [PMID: 29107812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functions of autism-associated Neuroligins (Nlgs) are modulated by their post-translational modifications, such as proteolytic cleavage. A previous study has shown that there are different endogenous forms of DNlg3 in Drosophila, indicating it may undergo proteolytic processing. However, the molecular mechanism underlying DNlg3 proteolytic processing is unknown. Here, we report a novel proteolytic mechanism that is essential for DNlg3 maturation and function in the nervous system. METHODS Molecular cloning, cell culture, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and genetic studies were employed to map the DNlg3 cleavage region, identify the protease and characterize the cleavage manner. Behavior analysis, immunohistochemistry and genetic manipulations were employed to study the functions of different DNlg3 forms in the nervous system and neuromuscular junction (NMJs). RESULTS Tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE) cleaved DNlg3 exclusively at its extracellular acetylcholinesterase-like domain to generate the N-terminal fragment and the short membrane-anchored fragment (sDNlg3). DNlg3 was constitutively processed in an activity-independent manner. Interestingly, DNlg3 was cleaved intracellularly in the Golgi apparatus before it arrived at the cell surface, a unique cleavage mechanism that is distinct from 'conventional' ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins, including rodent Nlg1. Genetic studies showed that sDNlg3 was essential for maintaining proper locomotor activity in Drosophila. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed a unique cleavage mechanism of DNlg3 and a neuron-specific role for DNlg3 maturation which is important in locomotor activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides a new insight into a cleavage mechanism of Nlgs maturation in the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, China
| | - Nana Tao
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, China
| | - Yao Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guanglin Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huihui Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junhai Han
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, China; The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chengqi Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Life Sciences, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Southeast University, China; The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| |
Collapse
|