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Pfannenstiel LJ, Scott JG, Buchon N. Piperonyl butoxide elicits a robust transcriptional response in adult Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 204:106102. [PMID: 39277424 PMCID: PMC11403202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
While much attention has been devoted to understanding the transcriptional changes underlying resistance to insecticides, comparatively little is known about the transcriptional response of naive insects to agrochemicals. In this study, we analyze the transcriptomic response of an insecticide susceptible strain of Drosophila melanogaster to nine agrochemicals using a robust method that goes beyond classical replication standards. Our findings demonstrate that exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO), but not to eight other compounds, elicits a robust transcriptional response in a wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. PBO exposure leads to the upregulation of a subset of Cyps, GSTs, UGTs and EcKls. This response is both time and concentration-dependent, suggesting that the degree of inhibition of P450 activity correlates with the magnitude of the transcriptional response. Furthermore, the upregulation of these enzymes is excluded from reproductive organs. Additionally, different sets of genes are regulated in the digestive/secretory tract and the carcass. Our results suggest that P450s play a role in metabolizing yet unidentified endogenous compounds and are involved in an as-yet-unknown physiological regulatory feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Pfannenstiel
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Buchon
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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Zhang J, Cong Q, Sun Y, Hua J, Luo S. Four New Furofuran Lignans from Phryma leptostachya Inhibit the Accumulation of Molting Hormones in Armyworm. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7081. [PMID: 39000185 PMCID: PMC11240949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Furofuran lignans have been identified as the main substances responsible for the biological activities of the plant genus Phryma. Here, four new phrymarolin-type leptolignans A-D (7-10) and eight previously known lignans were isolated from P. leptostachya. Of these, nine exhibited significant antifeedant activity against armyworm (Mythimna separata) through a dual-choice bioassay, with the EC50 values ranging from 0.58 to 10.08 μg/cm2. In particular, the newly identified lignan leptolignan A (7) showed strong antifeedant activity, with an EC50 value of 0.58 ± 0.34 μg/cm2. Further investigation found that leptolignan A can inhibit the growth and nutritional indicators in the armyworm M. separata. The concentrations of two molting hormones, 20-hydroxyecdysone and ecdysone, were also found to decrease significantly following the treatment of the armyworms with the lignan, implying that the target of the P. leptostachya lignan may be involved in 20-hydroxyecdysone and ecdysone synthesis. These results enrich our knowledge of P. leptostachya metabolite structural diversity, and provide a theoretical basis for the control of armyworm using lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Hua
- Engineering Research Center of Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shihong Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Protection and Utilization of Plant Resources, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Liu X, Bao X, Yang J, Zhu X, Li Z. Preliminary study on toxicological mechanism of golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) larvae exposed to cd. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:503. [PMID: 37649007 PMCID: PMC10466719 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) flows into the ocean with industrial and agricultural pollution and significantly affects the growth and development of economic cephalopods such as Sepia esculenta, Amphioctopus fangsiao, and Loligo japonica. As of now, the reasons why Cd affects the growth and development of S. esculenta are not yet clear. RESULTS In this study, transcriptome and four oxidation and toxicity indicators are used to analyze the toxicological mechanism of Cd-exposed S. esculenta larvae. Indicator results indicate that Cd induces oxidative stress and metal toxicity. Functional enrichment analysis results suggest that larval ion transport, cell adhesion, and some digestion and absorption processes are inhibited, and the cell function is damaged. Comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was used to explore S. esculenta larval toxicological mechanisms, and we find that among the 20 identified key genes, 14 genes are associated with neurotoxicity. Most of them are down-regulated and enriched to the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, suggesting that larval nervous system might be destroyed, and the growth, development, and movement process are significantly affected after Cd exposure. CONCLUSIONS S. esculenta larvae suffered severe oxidative damage after Cd exposure, which may inhibit digestion and absorption functions, and disrupt the stability of the nervous system. Our results lay a function for understanding larval toxicological mechanisms exposed to heavy metals, promoting the development of invertebrate environmental toxicology, and providing theoretical support for S. esculenta artificial culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xibo Zhu
- Fishery Technology Service Center of Lanshan District, Rizhao, 276800, China.
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Pei Y, Cao W, Yu W, Peng C, Xu W, Zuo Y, Wu W, Hu Z. Identification and functional characterization of the dirigent gene family in Phryma leptostachya and the contribution of PlDIR1 in lignan biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:291. [PMID: 37259047 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Furofuran lignans, the main insecticidal ingredient in Phryma leptostachya, exhibit excellent controlling efficacy against a variety of pests. During the biosynthesis of furofuran lignans, Dirigent proteins (DIRs) are thought to be dominant in the stereoselective coupling of coniferyl alcohol to form ( ±)-pinoresinol. There are DIR family members in almost every vascular plant, but members of DIRs in P. leptostachya are unknown. To identify the PlDIR genes and elucidate their functions in lignan biosynthesis, this study performed transcriptome-wide analysis and characterized the catalytic activity of the PlDIR1 protein. RESULTS Fifteen full-length unique PlDIR genes were identified in P. leptostachya. A phylogenetic analysis of the PlDIRs classified them into four subfamilies (DIR-a, DIR-b/d, DIR-e, and DIR-g), and 12 conserved motifs were found among them. In tissue-specific expression analysis, except for PlDIR7, which displayed the highest transcript abundance in seeds, the other PlDIRs showed preferential expression in roots, leaves, and stems. Furthermore, the treatments with signaling molecules demonstrated that PlDIRs could be significantly induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ETH), both in the roots and leaves of P. leptostachya. In examining the tertiary structure of the protein and the critical amino acids, it was found that PlDIR1, one of the DIR-a subfamily members, might be involved in the region- and stereo-selectivity of the phenoxy radical. Accordingly, LC-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the catalytic activity of recombinant PlDIR1 protein from Escherichia coli to direct coniferyl alcohol coupling into ( +)-pinoresinol. The active sites and hydrogen bonds of the interaction between PlDIR1 and bis-quinone methide (bisQM), the intermediate in ( +)-pinoresinol formation, were analyzed by molecular docking. As a result, 18 active sites and 4 hydrogen bonds (Asp-42, Ala-113, Leu-138, Arg-143) were discovered in the PlDIR1-bisQM complex. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that the expression profile of PlDIR1 was closely connected with lignan accumulations after SA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will provide useful clues for uncovering P. leptostachya's lignan biosynthesis pathway as well as facilitate further studies on the DIR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Pei
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhan Cao
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoyang Peng
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yayun Zuo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management On Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang L, Wei DD, Wang GQ, Huang HQ, Wang JJ. High-Sucrose Diet Exposure on Larvae Contributes to Adult Fecundity and Insecticide Tolerance in the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050407. [PMID: 37233035 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the broad host ranges and economically-important insect pests in tropical and subtropical areas. A wide range of hosts means they have strong adaptation ability to changes in dietary macronutrients (e.g., sucrose and protein). However, the effects of dietary conditions on the phenotypes and genotypes of B. dorsalis are still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of larval dietary sucrose on the life history traits and stress tolerance of B. dorsalis, and its defense response at the molecular level. The results showed that low-sucrose (LS) induced decreased body size, shortened developmental duration, and enhanced sensitivity to beta-cypermethrin. Otherwise, high-sucrose (HS) diet increased developmental duration, adult fecundity, and tolerance to malathion. Based on transcriptome data, 258 and 904 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the NS (control) versus LS groups, and NS versus HS groups, respectively. These yielded DEGs were relevant to multiple specific metabolisms, hormone synthesis and signaling, and immune-related pathways. Our study will provide biological and molecular perspective to understand phenotypic adjustments to diets and the strong host adaptability in oriental fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Gui-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Han-Qin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Pei Y, Hao H, Zuo Y, Xue Y, Aioub AAA, Hu Z. Functional validation of CYP304A1 associated with haedoxan A detoxification in Aedes albopictus by RNAi and transgenic drosophila. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:447-453. [PMID: 36175391 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play important roles in the detoxification metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Haedoxan A (HA) from Phryma leptostachya L. is a highly efficient natural pesticide used to control houseflies and mosquitos. CYP4C21 and CYP304A1 were previously demonstrated to be transcriptionally increased in Aedes albopictus in response to HA exposure, but their involvement in HA metabolism is unknown. RESULTS Our data showed that CYP304A1 expression levels in A. albopictus were highest in third-instar larvae, and the expression level of CYP4C21 decreased significantly with the growth of instars, with the lowest occurring in the pupal stage. Compared with the control, the silencing of CYP304A1 and CYP4C21 genes by chitosan nanoparticle-mediated RNA interference could deplete 58.2% and 54.0% of the expression of corresponding genes, respectively. The bioassay data showed that knocking down the expression of CYP304A1 increased the mortality of A. albopictus when exposed to HA at LC30 and LC50 doses, but did not significantly increase mortality after silencing CYP4C21. Our data demonstrated that CYP304A1, but not CYP4C21, may be involved in HA detoxification. Moreover, the resistance ratio of CYP304A1 overexpressing flies was approximately 2-fold higher than that of the control line. The metabolized product of HA by CYP304A1 needs to be further confirmed by in vitro expression. CONCLUSION This finding showed that inducibility was not always linked to detoxifying capabilities, and enhanced our understanding of the molecular basis of HA metabolic detoxification in A. albopictus. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Pei
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Huanhuan Hao
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yayun Zuo
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yuxin Xue
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Ahmed A A Aioub
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Yangling, China
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Li Y, Wang R, Pei Y, Yu W, Wu W, Li D, Hu Z. Phylogeny and functional characterization of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in Phryma leptostachya. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:407-416. [PMID: 35841957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Phryma leptostachya has attracted increasing attention because it is rich in furofuran lignans with a wide range of biological activities. Biosynthesis of furofuran lignans begins with the dimerization of coniferyl alcohol, one of the monolignol. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes the final step of monolignol biosynthesis, reducing cinnamyl aldehydes to cinnamyl alcohol. As it is in the terminal position of monolignol biosynthesis, its type and activity can cause significant changes in the total amount and composition of lignans. Herein, combined with bioinformatics analysis and in vitro enzyme assays, we clarified that CAD in P. leptostachya belonged to a multigene family, and identified nearly the entire CAD gene family. Our in-depth characterization about the functions and structures of two major CAD isoforms, PlCAD2 and PlCAD3, showed that PlCAD2 exhibited the highest catalytic activity, and coniferyl aldehyde was its preferred substrate, followed by PlCAD3, and sinapyl aldehyde was its preferred substrate. Considering the accumulation patterns of furofuran lignans and expression patterns of PlCADs, we speculated that PlCAD2 was the predominant CAD isoform responsible for furofuran lignans biosynthesis in P. leptostachya. Moreover, these CADs found here can also provide effective biological parts for lignans and lignins biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Li
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yakun Pei
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ding Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Zhaonong Hu
- Institute of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R & D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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