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Lee HJ, Longnecker M, Calkins TL, Renfro AD, Fredregill CL, Debboun M, Pietrantonio PV. Detection of the Nav channel kdr-like mutation and modeling of factors affecting survivorship of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from six areas of Harris County (Houston), Texas, after permethrin field-cage tests. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008860. [PMID: 33211688 PMCID: PMC7714350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus is one of the most important mosquito vectors of arboviruses. Currently, the fastest approach to control disease transmission is the application of synthetic adulticide insecticides. However, in highly populated urban centers the development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations could impair insecticide efficacy and therefore, disease control. To assess the effect of resistance on vector control, females of Cx. quinquefasciatus collected from six mosquito control operational areas in Harris County, Texas, were treated in field cage tests at three different distances with the pyrethroid Permanone® 31-66 applied at the operational rate. Females were analyzed by sequencing and/or diagnostic PCR using de novo designed primers for detecting the kdr-like mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (L982F; TTA to TTT) (house fly kdr canonical mutation L1014F). Females from the Cx. quinquefasciatus susceptible Sebring strain and those from the six operational areas placed at 30.4 m from the treatment source were killed in the tests, while 14% of field-collected mosquitoes survived at 60.8 m, and 35% at 91.2 m from the source. The diagnostic PCR had a with 97.5% accuracy to detect the kdr-like mutation. Pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes carrying the L982F mutation were broadly distributed in Harris County at high frequency. Among mosquitoes analyzed (n = 1,028), the kdr-kdr genotype was prevalent (81.2%), the kdr-s genotype was 18%, and s-s mosquitoes were less than 1% (n = 8). A logistic regression model estimated an equal probability of survival for the genotypes kdr-kdr and kdr-s in all areas analyzed. Altogether, our results point to a high-risk situation for the pyrethroid-based arboviral disease control in Harris County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jung Lee
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Longnecker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Travis L. Calkins
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Renfro
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chris L. Fredregill
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division (HCPH-MVCD), Texas, United States of America
| | - Mustapha Debboun
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division (HCPH-MVCD), Texas, United States of America
| | - Patricia V. Pietrantonio
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Bolfa P, Callanan JJ, Ketzis J, Marchi S, Cheng T, Huynh H, Lavinder T, Boey K, Hamilton C, Kelly P. Infections and pathology of free-roaming backyard chickens on St. Kitts, West Indies. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:343-349. [PMID: 30973088 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719843638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Free-roaming chickens on Caribbean islands are important sentinels for local avian diseases and those introduced by birds migrating through the Americas. We studied 81 apparently healthy unvaccinated free-roaming chickens from 9 parishes on St. Kitts, an eastern Caribbean island. Using commercial ELISAs, no chickens had antibodies against avian influenza virus, West Nile virus, or Salmonella Enteritidis, although seropositivity was high to infectious bursal disease virus (86%), infectious bronchitis virus (84%), Mycoplasma (37%), and avian avulavirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus, 31%). Examination of small and large intestinal contents revealed cestodes in 79% and nematodes in 75% of the chickens. Although ectoparasites and endoparasites were common (74% and 79%, respectively), only a few chickens had lesions at postmortem examination, mainly intestinal serosal nodules (12%) and feather loss (6%). Histologic examination of 18 organs from each bird revealed lesions in high percentages of organs, mainly the liver (86%), lung (75%), spleen (60%), small intestine (56%), skin (42%), and kidney (40%). Lesions included degenerative, reactive, inflammatory, and neoplastic, and were not correlated with the serologic status of the chickens except in one case of infectious bursal disease. Microscopically, Paratanaisia bragai was seen in the kidneys of 3 chickens and intestinal coccidiasis in 1 chicken. Pulmonary silicate aggregates were common, were present in intestinal serosal nodules, and were suggestive of environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pompei Bolfa
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - John J Callanan
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - Jenifer Ketzis
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - Silvia Marchi
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - Trista Cheng
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - Hieuhanh Huynh
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - Tiffany Lavinder
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - Kenneth Boey
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - Clare Hamilton
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).,Clinical Sciences (Kelly), Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.,Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK (Hamilton)
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Moore EL, Scott MA, Rodriguez SD, Mitra S, Vulcan J, Cordova JJ, Chung HN, Linhares Lino de Souza D, Gonzales KK, Hansen IA. An online survey of personal mosquito-repellent strategies. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5151. [PMID: 30002979 PMCID: PMC6034598 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito repellents can be an effective method for personal protection against mosquito bites that are a nuisance and carry the risk of transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens like plasmodia, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. A multitude of commercially available products are currently on the market, some of them highly effective while others have low or no efficacy. Many home remedies of unknown efficacy are also widely used. Methods We conducted a survey study to determine what kind of mosquito repellents and other mosquito control strategies people use. Our online survey was focused on unconventional methods and was answered by 5,209 participants. Results The majority of participants resided in the United States, were female (67%), had higher education (81% had a university degree), and were 18 to 37 years old (50%). The most commonly used repellent was DEET spray (48%), followed closely by citronella candles (43%) and ‘natural’ repellent sprays (36%). We collected a plethora of home remedies and other strategies people use that warrant further research into their effectiveness. Discussion Our study lays the foundation for future research in alternative, unconventional methods to repel mosquitoes that may be culturally acceptable and accessible for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lucille Moore
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Mary Alice Scott
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Stacy Deadra Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Soumi Mitra
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Julia Vulcan
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Joel Javierla Cordova
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Hae-Na Chung
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | | | - Kristina Kay Gonzales
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Immo Alex Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America.,Institute for Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
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