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Mogi M, Armbruster PA, Eritja R, Sunahara T, Tuno N. How far do forest container mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) invade rural and urban areas in Japan? - Simple landscape ecology with comparison of the invasive Aedes ecology between native and invasive ranges. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae094. [PMID: 39102891 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The distribution of container mosquitoes in relation to distances from forests was studied in temperate Japan. Mosquito larvae were collected between May and September in 4 years from tree holes, bamboo stumps, riverine rock pools, and artificial containers; sampling ranged spatially from the mountain forest across the deforested plain developed as agriculture and urban areas to the seacoast. Although tree holes, bamboo stumps, and artificial containers existed throughout the deforested plain area, 10 container species of 6 genera were found virtually only within 5 km from the nearest forest edge. Worldwide invasive Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes japonicus (Theobald) of Asian origin showed unique occurrence patterns different from other container species and from each other. Ae. japonicus was dominant in artificial containers in and near the forest but minor in forest natural containers and only occurred within 5 km from the forest. Ae. albopictus was minor in the forest irrespective of container types but not bound to the forest and dominant in natural and artificial containers throughout rural and urban areas. The 5-km range was designated as the circum-forest zone for container mosquitoes (except Ae. albopictus) in Japan, and an expanded concept, circum-boundary zone, is proposed. The widths of these zones primarily depend on the dispersal traits of mosquitoes. Whether the relation of Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus to forests we observed are common in the native and invasive ranges is discussed. The study of across-ecosystem dispersal is important for mosquito management under anthropogenically changing environments due to either deforestation or green restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyoshi Mogi
- Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan (retired)
| | | | - Roger Eritja
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, Spain
| | - Toshihiko Sunahara
- Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tuno
- Laboratory of Ecology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Day CA, Byrd BD, Trout Fryxell RT. La Crosse virus neuroinvasive disease: the kids are not alright. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1165-1182. [PMID: 37862102 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
La Crosse virus (LACV) is the most common cause of neuroinvasive mosquito-borne disease in children within the United States. Despite more than 50 years of recognized endemicity in the United States, the true burden of LACV disease is grossly underappreciated, and there remain severe knowledge gaps that inhibit public health interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Long-standing deficiencies in disease surveillance, clinical diagnostics and therapeutics, actionable entomologic and environmental risk indices, case response capacity, public awareness, and availability of community support groups clearly frame LACV disease as neglected. Here we synthesize salient prior research and contextualize our findings as an assessment of current gaps and opportunities to develop a framework to prevent, detect, and respond to LACV disease. The persistent burdens of LACV disease clearly require renewed public health attention, policy, and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Day
- Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Brian D Byrd
- Environmental Health Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC, USA
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Beckermann AJ, Medley KA, Adalsteinsson SA, Westby KM. The final countdown: presence of an invasive mosquito extends time to predation for a native mosquito. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Bridging landscape ecology and urban science to respond to the rising threat of mosquito-borne diseases. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1601-1616. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The role of priority effects in limiting the success of the invasive tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Westby KM, Juliano SA, Medley KA. Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Has Not Become the Dominant Species in Artificial Container Habitats in a Temperate Forest More Than a Decade After Establishment. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:950-955. [PMID: 33073848 PMCID: PMC8244635 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) is one of the most invasive species globally, and has led to rapid declines and local extirpations of resident mosquitoes where it becomes established. A potential mechanism behind these displacements is the superior competitive ability of Ae. albopictus in larval habitats. Research on the context-dependent nature of competitive displacement predicts that Ae. albopictus will not replace native Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) in treeholes but could do so in artificial container habitats. Aedes albopictus remains rare in temperate treeholes but less is known about how Ae. albopictus fares in artificial containers in forests. Tyson Research Center (TRC) is a field station composed of mostly oak-hickory forest located outside Saint Louis, MO. The container community has been studied regularly at TRC since 2007 with permanently established artificial containers on the property since 2013. Aedes albopictus was detected each year when these communities were sampled; however, its abundance remains low and it fails to numerically dominate other species in these communities. We present data that show Ae. albopictus numbers have not increased in the last decade. We compare egg counts from 2007 to 2016 and combine larval sample data from 2012 to 2017.We present average larval densities and prevalence of Ae. albopictus and two competitors, Ae. triseriatus and Aedes japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), as well as monthly averages by year. These data highlight a circumstance in which Ae. albopictus fails to dominate the Aedes community despite it doing so in more human-impacted habitats. We present hypotheses for these patterns based upon abiotic and biotic environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Westby
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Eureka, MO
| | - Steven A Juliano
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL
| | - Kim A Medley
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Eureka, MO
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Kuo TC, Lin CC, Tsai CC, Chen SJ, Hung TM, Hsieh CC, Lu JY, Huang RN. Toxicity of Terahertz-Based Functional Mineral Water (Plant-Derived) to Immature Stages of Mosquito Vectors. INSECTS 2021; 12:211. [PMID: 33801362 PMCID: PMC7998476 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional mineral water and related products are popular in some Asian countries as health drinks and, recently, have been employed in agricultural crop production as well as pest control. This study aimed to investigate the survival of mosquito vectors exposed to plant-derived functional mineral water produced by terahertz technology. The terahertz-based functional mineral water used in the current study not only decreased the hatching of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) larvae but also showed concentration-dependent toxicity to the 3rd instar larvae and pupae of the three mosquito species tested. Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Cx. quinquefasciatus pupae were more susceptible to terahertz-based functional mineral water than the larval stage, as indicated by their lower LC50. Lower concentrations (<100 ppm) of terahertz-based functional mineral water were not lethal to the pupae; however, these low concentrations still resulted in a reduced adult emergence. Although terahertz-based functional mineral water did not significantly affect Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) hatching, it could potentially be used for vector control at the larvae and pupae stages. The larvicidal and pupicidal activity of diluted terahertz-based functional mineral water gradually diminished after 24 h, indicating that it is a biodegradable and eco-friendly bioinsecticide. However, as the terahertz-based functional mineral water is also toxic to larvivorous predatory-copepods, it should not be utilized in aquatic environments where predatory-based mosquito control programs are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chih Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Special Education, University of Taipei, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chu Tsai
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Shiang-Jiuun Chen
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (S.-J.C.)
| | - Tso-Min Hung
- Department of Entomology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Che-Chu Hsieh
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Ja-Yu Lu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (J.-Y.L.)
| | - Rong-Nan Huang
- Department of Entomology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Master Program for Plant Medicine, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Aedes albopictus Populations and Larval Habitat Characteristics across the Landscape: Significant Differences Exist between Urban and Rural Land Use Types. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12030196. [PMID: 33668917 PMCID: PMC7996563 DOI: 10.3390/insects12030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most profound recent global changes has been the proliferation of urban metropolitan areas. A consequence of urbanization is a reduction in abundance, or diversity, of wildlife. One exception, is the proliferation of vectors of disease; recent years have seen the emergence and resurgence of diseases vectored by species closely associated with humans. Aedes albopictus, a mosquito with a near global range and broad ecological niche, has been described as an urban, suburban, or rural vector, or a forest edge species depending on local conditions. We tested the hypothesis that abundance and phenological patterns of this species vary among different land use types in a temperate city because of the variation in the biotic and abiotic conditions characteristic of those habitat types. A. albopictus populations in urban and suburban areas were an order of magnitude larger than in rural areas and were detected several weeks earlier in the season. Additionally, we found fewer overall mosquito species, higher temperatures, lower nitrogen, higher pH, and faster water evaporation in larval habitats in urban vs. rural areas. By understanding the ecological differences that facilitate a species in one habitat and not another, we can potentially exploit those differences for targeted control.
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Day CA, Lewandowski K, Vonesh JR, Byrd BD. Phenology of Rock Pool Mosquitoes in the Southern Appalachian Mountains: Surveys Reveal Apparent Winter Hatching of Aedes japonicus and the Potential For Asymmetrical Stage-Specific Interactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2020; 36:216-226. [PMID: 33647114 DOI: 10.2987/20-6964.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The North American rock pool mosquito, Aedes atropalpus, has reportedly decreased in abundance following the introduction of Ae. japonicus japonicus to the USA, but the specific mechanisms responsible for the reduction remain unclear. Thus, there is a need for field studies to improve our knowledge of natural rock pool systems where both species co-occur. We sampled rock pool invertebrates over a 12-month period along the Chattooga River at a high-elevation site (728 m) near Cashiers, NC, and at a lower-elevation site (361 m) near Clayton, GA. We identified 12 orders of macroinvertebrates representing at least 19 families and 5 mosquito species. Aedes j. japonicus was present year-round at both sites. We observed overwintering Ae. j. japonicus larvae in pools with water temperatures as cold as 3°C and detected apparent winter egg hatching in water below 10°C. Aedes atropalpus was rarely encountered at the high-elevation site but was highly abundant in the summer months at the low-elevation site. Late-stage Ae. j. japonicus larvae inhabited pools in March 2019 when Ae. atropalpus first appeared in the same pools, creating the potential for asymmetrical stage-specific interactions. Our observations provide evidence of overwintering and early hatching of Ae. j. japonicus in the southeastern climate. Further study of the importance of stage-dependent competition and winter egg hatching of diapausing Ae. j. japonicus eggs is warranted.
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Cuthbert RN, Callaghan A, Dick JTA. A novel metric reveals biotic resistance potential and informs predictions of invasion success. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15314. [PMID: 31653905 PMCID: PMC6814831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species continue to proliferate and detrimentally impact ecosystems on a global scale. Whilst impacts are well-documented for many invaders, we lack tools to predict biotic resistance and invasion success. Biotic resistance from communities may be a particularly important determinant of the success of invaders. The present study develops traditional ecological concepts to better understand and quantify biotic resistance. We quantified predation towards the highly invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus and a representative native mosquito Culex pipiens by three native and widespread cyclopoid copepods, using functional response and prey switching experiments. All copepods demonstrated higher magnitude type II functional responses towards the invasive prey over the analogous native prey, aligned with higher attack and maximum feeding rates. All predators exhibited significant, frequency-independent prey preferences for the invader. With these results, we developed a novel metric for biotic resistance which integrates predator numerical response proxies, revealing differential biotic resistance potential among predators. Our results are consistent with field patterns of biotic resistance and invasion success, illustrating the predictive capacity of our methods. We thus propose the further development of traditional ecological concepts, such as functional responses, numerical responses and prey switching, in the evaluation of biotic resistance and invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross N Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK. .,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK.
| | - Amanda Callaghan
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Jaimie T A Dick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
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