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Carbonara M, Mendonza-Roldan JA, Perles L, Alfaro-Alarcon A, Romero LM, Murillo DB, Piche-Ovares M, Corrales-Aguilar E, Iatta R, Walochnik J, Santoro M, Otranto D. Parasitic fauna of bats from Costa Rica. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 20:63-72. [PMID: 36655207 PMCID: PMC9841367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bats are important reservoirs and spreaders of pathogens, including those of zoonotic concern. Though Costa Rica hosts one of the highest bat species' diversity, no information is available about their parasites. In order to investigate the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) and gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of chiropterans from this neotropical area, ectoparasites (n = 231) and stools (n = 64) were collected from 113 bats sampled in Santa Cruz (site 1) and Talamanca (site 2). Mites, fleas and ticks were morphologically and molecularly identified, as well as pathogens transmitted by vectors (VBPs, i.e., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp.) and from feces, such as Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Eimeria spp. were molecularly investigated. Overall, 21 bat species belonging to 15 genera and 5 families were identified of which 42.5% were infested by ectoparasites, with a higher percentage of mites (38.9%, i.e., Cameronieta sp. and Mitonyssoides sp.) followed by flies (2.6%, i.e., Joblingia sp.) and tick larvae (1.7%, i.e., Ornithodoros sp.). Rickettsia spp. was identified in one immature tick and phylogenetically clustered with two Rickettsia species of the Spotted Fever Group (i.e., R. massiliae and R. rhipicephali). The frequency of GI parasite infection was 14%, being 3.1% of bats infected by Giardia spp. (un-identified non-duodenalis species), 1.5% by Eimeria spp. and 9.4% by Cryptosporidium spp. (bat and rodent genotypes; one C. parvum-related human genotype). The wide range of ectoparasites collected coupled with the detection of Rickettsia sp., Giardia and Cryptosporidium in bats from Costa Rica highlight the role these mammals may play as spreaders of pathogens and the need to further investigate the pathogenic potential of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lívia Perles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniel Barrantes Murillo
- Pathology Department, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alabama, USA
| | - Marta Piche-Ovares
- Research Center for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica,Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Roberta Iatta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Santoro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy,Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran,Corresponding author. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, 70010, Bari, Italy.
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Minaya D, Mendoza J, Iannacone J. Fauna de ectoparásitos en el vampiro común Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) de Huarochiri, Lima, y una lista de los ectoparásitos en murciélagos del Perú. GRAELLSIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3989/graellsia.2021.v77.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
El murciélago hematófago Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810) es una especie de importancia zoonótica y amplia distribución. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar su fauna ectoparasitaria y elaborar una lista de los artrópodos parásitos presentes en los murciélagos del Perú. Los murciélagos fueron capturados en el distrito de San Bartolomé, provincia de Huarochirí, Lima, Perú. La preparación de la lista se llevó a cabo mediante la búsqueda en las principales bases de datos en línea. Se estudiaron 27 murciélagos, de los cuales el 70,37 % (n = 19) estaban infectados con al menos una especie de ectoparásito. Se registraron las especies de Diptera Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856, y Trichobius parasiticus Gervais, 1844, y el ixódido Ornithodoros peruvianus Kohls, Clifford & Jones, 1969. La especie de mayor abundancia y prevalencia fue O. peruvianus. Se reportan tres especies de piojos en D. rotundus, que consideramos como parásitos accidentales. En cuanto a la lista, hasta la fecha se han reportado 104 especies de ectoparásitos distribuidos entre los grupos principales: Diptera, Hemiptera, Siphonaptera, Phthiraptera, Mesostigmata e Ixodida a partir de ejemplares de 75 especies de murciélagos en 19 departamentos del Perú. Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel, 1976, y Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899) (Streblidae) son los ectoparásitos con el mayor número de huéspedes registrados. Lophostoma silvicolum d’Orbigny, 1836; Phyllostomus elongatus (Geoffroy, 1810) y Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767) son los huéspedes con el mayor registro de ectoparásitos en murciélagos del Perú (s = 10). Según el nivel de especificidad de los ectoparásitos para sus huéspedes, las especies monoxenas (s = 47) fueron las dominantes, seguidas por las oligoxenas (s = 21). Las regiones geográficas con mayor información acerca de ectoparásitos huéspedes fueron Loreto y Madre de Dios. Es necesario ampliar los estudios ya que el 60.3% de las especies de murciélagos del Perú no tienen registros de ectoparásitos.
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