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da Silva CVA, Salimo ZM, de Souza TA, Reyes DE, Bassicheto MC, de Medeiros LS, Sartim MA, de Carvalho JC, Gonçalves JFC, Monteiro WM, Tavares JF, de Melo GC, da Silva FMA, Bataglion GA, Koolen HHF. Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum): A Multifunctional Amazonian Fruit with Extensive Benefits. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114729. [PMID: 39147481 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The Amazon region is known for its continental dimension, water abundance, and especially for the rich biodiversity that this biome hosts. Among the thousands of plant species in the Amazon, many represent food sources. Among these, cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum.) stands out as an iconic fruit with an exotic flavor, appreciated for its remarkable organoleptic properties. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive description of its biology, agronomical uses, nutritional values, chemical compositions, medicinal properties, and industrial applications. The search based on scientific articles demonstrates T. grandiflorum as a valuable ingredient for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors. Data analysis demonstrates that cupuaçu cultivation and processing contribute to the strengthening of local production chains and promotes the development of small communities, and thus the bioeconomy in the Amazon region. In this sense, since the last decade, cultivar improvement has required multidisciplinary efforts, resulting in disease-resistant plants with better productivity. Regarding its chemical composition, T. grandiflorum is a notable source of methylxanthine alkaloids, polyphenols, aroma compounds, and lipids. The presence of these compounds supports the use of cupuaçu in various products and help us to understand the potential health benefits of its consumption. Through the integration of all collected information, key gaps in basic and applied sciences were observed, highlighting the need for more research to uncover novel applications and products of T. grandiflorum. The development of new products based on biodiversity is fundamental to promoting environmental and economic sustainability, which are key steps to the survival of the Amazon rainforest. Therefore, this work summarizes the knowledge on this source and sheds light on a food source that is little known outside of the Amazon borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos V A da Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69065-001, Brazil
| | - Zeca M Salimo
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Thalisson A de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - David E Reyes
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Milena C Bassicheto
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Livia S de Medeiros
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Marco A Sartim
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, Brazil; Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Brazil
| | - Josiane C de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus 69011-970, Brazil
| | - José Francisco C Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Bioquímica Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Josean F Tavares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Gisely C de Melo
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe M A da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Giovana A Bataglion
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus 69065-001, Brazil; Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus 69040-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil.
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Roman HE, Cesura F, Maryam R, Levchenko I, Alexander K, Riccardi C. The fractal geometry of polymeric materials surfaces: surface area and fractal length scales. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3082-3096. [PMID: 38315084 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01497e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Using three common polymeric materials (polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polycaprolactone (PCL)), a standard oxygen-plasma treatment and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we performed a scaling analysis of the modified surfaces yielding effective Hurst exponents (H ≃ 0.77 ± 0.02 (PP), ≃0.75 ± 0.02 (PTFE), and ≃0.83 ± 0.02 (PCL)), for the one-dimensional profiles, corresponding to the transversal sections of the surface, by averaging over all possible profiles. The surface fractal dimensions are given by ds = 3 - H, corresponding to ds ≃ 2.23, 2.25, and 2.17, respectively. We present a simple method to obtain the surface area from the AFM images stored in a matrix of 512 × 512 pixels. We show that the considerable increase found in the surface areas of the treated samples w.r.t. to the non-treated ones (43% for PP, 85% for PTFE, and 25% for PCL, with errors of about 2.5% on samples of 2 µm × 2 µm) is consistent with the observed increase in the length scales of the fractal regime to determine H, typically by a factor of about 2, extending from a few to hundreds of nanometres. We stipulate that the intrinsic roughness already present in the original non-treated material surfaces may serve as 'fractal' seeds undergoing significant height fluctuations during plasma treatment, suggesting a pathway for the future development of advanced material interfaces with large surface areas at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eduardo Roman
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Federico Cesura
- Dipartimento Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Rabia Maryam
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy.
| | - Igor Levchenko
- Plasma Sources and Application Centre, Space Propulsion Centre Singapore, 637616 NIE, Singapore.
| | - Katia Alexander
- Electronics Materials Lab, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, QLD 4811 Townsville, Australia
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, ACT 2601 Canberra, Australia.
| | - Claudia Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy.
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Ghaderi A, Sabbaghzadeh J, Dejam L, Behzadi Pour G, Moghimi E, Matos RS, da Fonseca Filho HD, Țălu Ș, Salehi Shayegan A, Aval LF, Astani Doudaran M, Sari A, Solaymani S. Nanoscale morphology, optical dynamics and gas sensor of porous silicon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3677. [PMID: 38355956 PMCID: PMC10866982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the multifaceted gas sensing properties of porous silicon thin films electrodeposited onto (100) oriented P-type silicon wafers substrates. Our investigation delves into morphological, optical properties, and sensing capabilities, aiming to optimize their use as efficient gas sensors. Morphological analysis revealed the development of unique surfaces with distinct characteristics compared to untreated sample, yielding substantially rougher yet flat surfaces, corroborated by Minkowski Functionals analysis. Fractal mathematics exploration emphasized that despite increased roughness, HF/ethanol-treated surfaces exhibit flatter attributes compared to untreated Si sample. Optical approaches established a correlation between increased porosity and elevated localized states and defects, influencing the Urbach energy value. This contributed to a reduction in steepness values, attributed to heightened dislocations and structural disturbances, while the transconductance parameter decreases. Simultaneously, porosity enhances the strength of electron‒phonon interaction. The porous silicon thin films were further tested as effective gas sensors for CO2 and O2 vapors at room temperature, displaying notable changes in electrical resistance with varying concentrations. These findings bring a comprehensive exploration of some important characteristics of porous silicon surfaces and established their potential for advanced industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ghaderi
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamshid Sabbaghzadeh
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laya Dejam
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Islamic Azad University, West Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghobad Behzadi Pour
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 18661-13118, Iran
| | - Emad Moghimi
- Faculty of Physics, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robert S Matos
- Amazonian Materials Group, Physics Department, Federal University of Amapá-UNIFAP, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - Henrique Duarte da Fonseca Filho
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Nanoscopy, Physics Department, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ștefan Țălu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), The Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Constantin Daicoviciu Street, No. 15, Cluj-Napoca, 400020, Cluj County, Romania
| | - Amirhossein Salehi Shayegan
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Fekri Aval
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Astani Doudaran
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sari
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Solaymani
- Quantum Technologies Research Center (QTRC), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Predoi D, Ciobanu SC, Iconaru SL, Ţălu Ş, Ghegoiu L, Matos RS, da Fonseca Filho HD, Trusca R. New Physico-Chemical Analysis of Magnesium-Doped Hydroxyapatite in Dextran Matrix Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:125. [PMID: 38201790 PMCID: PMC10780894 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The new magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite in dextran matrix (10MgHApD) nanocomposites were synthesized using coprecipitation technique. A spherical morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization results show hydroxyapatite hexagonal phase formation. The element map scanning during the EDS analysis revealed homogenous distribution of constituent elements of calcium, phosphor, oxygen and magnesium. The presence of dextran in the sample was revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the 10MgHAPD nanocomposites was assessed by in vitro assays using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 microbial strains. The results of the antimicrobial assays highlighted that the 10MgHApD nanocomposites presented excellent antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms and for all the tested time intervals. Furthermore, the biocompatibility assays determined that the 10MgHApD nanocomposites did not exhibit any toxicity towards Human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Predoi
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (S.L.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Steluta Carmen Ciobanu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (S.L.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Simona Liliana Iconaru
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (S.L.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Ştefan Ţălu
- The Directorate of Research, Development and Innovation Management (DMCDI), Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 15 Constantin Daicoviciu St., 400020 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Liliana Ghegoiu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street, No. 405A, P.O. Box MG 07, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (S.L.I.); (L.G.)
| | - Robert Saraiva Matos
- Amazonian Materials Group, Physics Department, Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá 68903-419, Amapá, Brazil;
| | - Henrique Duarte da Fonseca Filho
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Nanoscopy (LSNN), Physics Department, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus 69067-005, Amazonas, Brazil;
| | - Roxana Trusca
- National Centre for Micro and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
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