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Dobrota CT, Florea AD, Racz CP, Tomoaia G, Soritau O, Avram A, Benea HRC, Rosoiu CL, Mocanu A, Riga S, Kun AZ, Tomoaia-Cotisel M. Dynamics of Dental Enamel Surface Remineralization under the Action of Toothpastes with Substituted Hydroxyapatite and Birch Extract. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2038. [PMID: 38730845 PMCID: PMC11084803 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
To address tooth enamel demineralization resulting from factors such as acid erosion, abrasion, and chronic illness treatments, it is important to develop effective daily dental care products promoting enamel preservation and surface remineralization. This study focused on formulating four toothpastes, each containing calcined synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) in distinct compositions, each at 4%, along with 1.3% birch extract. Substitution elements were introduced within the HAP structure to enhance enamel remineralization. The efficacy of each toothpaste formulation was evaluated for repairing enamel and for establishing the dynamic of the remineralization. This was performed by using an in vitro assessment of artificially demineralized enamel slices. The structural HAP features explored by XRD and enamel surface quality by AFM revealed notable restorative properties of these toothpastes. Topographic images and the self-assembly of HAP nanoparticles into thin films on enamel surfaces showcased the formulations' effectiveness. Surface roughness was evaluated through statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA followed by post-test Bonferroni's multiple comparison test with a p value < 0.05 significance setting. Remarkably, enamel nanostructure normalization was observed within a short 10-day period of toothpaste treatment. Optimal remineralization for all toothpastes was reached after about 30 days of treatment. These toothpastes containing birch extract also have a dual function of mineralizing enamel while simultaneously promoting enamel health and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teodora Dobrota
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandra-Diana Florea
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Csaba-Pal Racz
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Gheorghe Tomoaia
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 General Traian Mosoiu St., 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.T.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Olga Soritau
- Oncology Institute of Cluj-Napoca, 34-36 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Avram
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Horea-Rares-Ciprian Benea
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 47 General Traian Mosoiu St., 400132 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.T.)
| | - Cristina Lavinia Rosoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Aurora Mocanu
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Sorin Riga
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Attila-Zsolt Kun
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
| | - Maria Tomoaia-Cotisel
- Research Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos St., 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.T.D.); (A.-D.F.); (C.-P.R.); (A.A.); (A.M.); (S.R.); (A.-Z.K.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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Darzé FM, Bridi EC, França F, Amaral FD, Turssi CP, Basting RT. Enamel and Dentin Etching with Glycolic, Ferulic, and Phosphoric Acids: Demineralization Pattern, Surface Microhardness, and Bond Strength Stability. Oper Dent 2023; 48:E35-E47. [PMID: 36656318 DOI: 10.2341/21-143-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the etching pattern, surface microhardness, and bond strength for enamel and dentin submitted to treatment with phosphoric, glycolic, and ferulic acids. Enamel and dentin blocks were treated with phosphoric, glycolic, and ferulic acid to evaluate the surface and adhesive interface by scanning electron microscopy (2000×). Surface microhardness (Knoop) was evaluated before and after etching, and microtensile bond strength was evaluated after application of a two-step adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) at 24 hours and 12 months storage time points. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test showed a decrease in the microhardness values for both substrates after application of each acid (p<0.0001). The reduction percentage was significantly higher for enamel treated with phosphoric acid (59.9%) and glycolic acid (65.1%) than for ferulic acid (16.5%) (p<0.0001), and higher for dentin that received phosphoric acid (38.3%) versus glycolic acid (27.8%) and ferulic acid (21.9%) (p<0.0001). Phosphoric and glycolic acids led to homogeneous enamel demineralization, and promoted the opening of dentinal tubules, whereas ferulic acid led to enamel surface demineralization and partially removed the smear layer. The adhesive-enamel interface showed micromechanical embedding of the adhesive in the interprismatic spaces when phosphoric and glycolic acids were applied. Ferulic acid showed no tag formation. Microtensile bond strength at both time points, and for both substrates, was lower with ferulic acid (p=0.0003/E; p=0.0011/D; Kruskal Wallis and Dunn). The bond strength for enamel and dentin decreased when using phosphoric and glycolic acids at the 12-month time evaluation (p<0.05). Glycolic acid showed an etching pattern and microhardness similar to that of phosphoric acid. Ferulic acid was not effective in etching the enamel or dentin, and it did not provide satisfactory bond strength to dental substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Darzé
- Fernanda Medeiros Darzé, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - E C Bridi
- Enrico Coser Bridi, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Instituto Nacional de Ensino Superior e Pós-Graduação Padre Gervásio, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fmg França
- Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flb do Amaral
- Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - C P Turssi
- Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - R T Basting
- *Roberta Tarkany Basting, DDS, MSc, PhD, professor, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
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Lee YL, Li KC, Yiu CKY, Boyd DH, Ekambaram M. Evaluation of developmentally hypomineralised enamel after surface pretreatment with Papacarie Duo gel and different etching modes: an in vitro SEM and AFM study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:117-131. [PMID: 34586616 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at investigating the surface morphology and nanotopography of normal enamel (NE) and developmentally hypomineralised enamel (HE) when subjected to various pretreatment protocols under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). METHODS Sixteen NE, 16 creamy/white (CW) HE and 16 yellow/brown (YB) HE specimens sectioned from extracted hypomineralised first permanent molars (FPMs) were included in this study. They were randomly distributed into 12 experimental groups (n = 4). Each group involved the following: (1) deproteinisation with Papacarie Duo® gel or no deproteinisation, and (2) the use of Scotchbond™ Universal Adhesive (Scotchbond) in self-etch (SE) mode or 37% phosphoric acid etchant. Subsequently, the surface morphology and nanotopography of pretreated enamel specimens were evaluated under SEM and AFM, respectively. RESULTS SEM observation showed that deproteinisation with Papacarie Duo® gel before phosphoric acid etching led to favourable etching patterns. This was consistent across all groups irrespective of the type of enamel specimen and the severity of hypomineralisation. In contrast, AFM results identified three factors that influenced surface parameters: (1) type of enamel specimen, (2) severity of hypomineralisation and (3) etching mode. YB HE recorded higher surface roughness values than CW HE and NE when subjected to the same pretreatment protocol. Deproteinisation and the application of Scotchbond in SE mode led to minimal topographic changes; however, acid etching was associated with an increase in surface roughness. CONCLUSION Deproteinisation with Papacarie Duo® gel followed by acid etching contributed to improved etching patterns on HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Lee
- Discipline of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - K C Li
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C K Y Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - D H Boyd
- Discipline of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - M Ekambaram
- Discipline of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Wong J, Tsujimoto A, Fischer NG, Baruth AG, Barkmeier WW, Johnson EA, Samuel SM, Takamizawa T, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. Enamel Etching for Universal Adhesives: Examination of Enamel Etching Protocols for Optimization of Bonding Effectiveness. Oper Dent 2019; 45:80-91. [PMID: 31226005 DOI: 10.2341/18-275-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether different enamel etching methods with reduced etching times would improve the bonding effectiveness of universal adhesives. METHODS AND MATERIALS Three enamel etching methods, phosphoric acid ester monomer (PPM) etching, phosphoric acid (PPA) etching, and polyalkenoic acid (PLA) etching, and three universal adhesives, G-Premio Bond (GP), Prime&Bond elect (PE), and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU), were evaluated. Initial bond strengths and fatigue strengths of universal adhesives to ground enamel and ground enamel etched for less than one, five, 10, and 15 seconds using different etching methods were determined. The bonded fatigue specimens were loaded using a sine wave at a frequency of 20 Hz for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred with a staircase method. Atomic force micrograph (AFM) observations along with measurements of surface Ra roughness and modified surface area of enamel with different etching protocols were also conducted. RESULTS The bond fatigue durability of universal adhesives to enamel with PPA etching from less than one to 15 seconds and PLA etching for 15 seconds was significantly higher than that to ground enamel. The bond fatigue durability to enamel with PPM etching was not increased compared with ground enamel. The surface Ra roughness and surface area obtained with AFM of enamel increased after PPA and PLA etching, and those values were significantly higher than those of ground enamel. Furthermore, surface Ra roughness and surface area with PPA etching were significantly higher than those with PLA etching. However, surface Ra roughness and surface area of enamel with PPM etching were similar to those of ground enamel regardless of etching time. CONCLUSION PPA etching for less than one to 15 seconds and PLA etching for 15 seconds improve universal adhesive bonding, surface Ra roughness, and surface area of enamel. However, PPM etching is not effective, regardless of etching time, in improving bonds strengths, increasing surface roughness, and increasing surface area.
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Sorozini M, Dos Reis Perez C, Rocha GM. Enamel sample preparation for AFM: Influence on roughness and morphology. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:1071-1076. [PMID: 30295354 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human dental enamel is organized by prisms that are structured between 3 and 6 µm in diameter. Determining the relationships between different treatments on the surface of enamel using ultrastructural analysis is the purpose of many in vitro experiments. Different sample pretreatments have been reported in the literature. Grinding and polishing are common procedures for enamel preparation. They provide a flat and standardized surface, which is imperative for the use of some techniques such as ATR-FTIR. However, for morphological analysis, SEM and AFM represent easier methods to measure and reduce the biological sample variation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish how different forms of enamel preparation can influence the advent of artifacts during ultrastructural observation, especially by AFM analysis. Four groups (n = 10) were tested: (a) without preparation; (b) polishing with a diamond paste; (c) grinding with decreasing granulations of silicon carbide papers; (d) grinding with polishing. Images were obtained using the Peak-Force Tapping mode. After the first images were obtained, all fragments were acid etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, rinsed for 60 seconds, and dried intensively. Upon grinding and polishing, the exposure of the inner enamel surfaces provided a less mineralized layer that was marked by scratches and a higher susceptibility to treatments. Moreover, using native enamel provided more valuable information on the surface and the roughness changes for clinical applications. In addition, phosphoric acid is an option for observing the prismatic arrangement after grinding and/or polishing changes the morphology. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The use of native enamel samples to investigate the effects of different treatments on surface should be preferred in research, when the technique allows it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sorozini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesar Dos Reis Perez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Miranda Rocha
- Department of Biophysics, Biological Physics Laboratory, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Wang C, Zhao Y, Zheng S, Xue J, Zhou J, Tang Y, Jiang L, Li W. Effect of enamel morphology on nanoscale adhesion forces of streptococcal bacteria : An AFM study. SCANNING 2015; 37:313-21. [PMID: 26482011 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We explore the influence of enamel surface morphology on nanoscale bacterial adhesion forces. Three dimensional morphology characteristics of enamel slices, which were treated with phosphoric acid (for 0 s, 5 s, 10 s, 20 s, and 30 s), were acquired. Adhesion forces of three initial colonizers (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus mitis) and two cariogenic bacterial strains (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus) with etched enamel surfaces were determined. Comparison of the forces was made by using bacterial probe method under atomic force microscope (AFM) in adhesion buffer. The results showed that enamel morphology was significantly altered by etching treatment. The roughness, peak-to-valley height, and valley-to-valley width of the depth profile, surface area, and volume increased linearly with acid exposure time, and reached the maximum at 30s, respectively. The adhesion forces of different strains increased accordingly with etching time. Adhesion forces of S. oralis, S. mitis, S. mutans, and S. sobrinus reached the maximum values of 0.81 nN, 0.84 nN, 0.73 nN, and 0.64 nN with enamel treated for 20s, respectively, whereas that of S. sanguinis at 10s (1.28nN), and dropped on coarser enamel surfaces. In conclusion, enamel micro-scale morphology may significantly alter the direct adhesion forces of bacteria. And there may be a threshold roughness for bacterial adhesion on enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqi Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sainan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ji YW, Hong SH, Chung DY, Kim EK, Lee HK. Comparison of Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion between Cosmetic Contact Lenses and Conventional Contact Lenses. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2014.55.5.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woo Ji
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Hong
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Yong Chung
- Morphology Lab., Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Corneal Dystrophy Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Keun Lee
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Corneal Dystrophy Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lima JP, Melo MA, Passos VF, Braga CÍL, Rodrigues LK, Santiago SÉL. Dentin erosion by whitening mouthwash associated to toothbrushing abrasion: A focus variation 3D scanning microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:904-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P.M. Lima
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry Faculty of Pharmacy Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará; Brazil
| | - Mary A.S. Melo
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry Faculty of Pharmacy Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará; Brazil
| | | | - CÍcero L.N. Braga
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry Faculty of Pharmacy Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará; Brazil
| | - Lidiany K.A. Rodrigues
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry Faculty of Pharmacy Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará; Brazil
| | - SÉrgio L. Santiago
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry Faculty of Pharmacy Dentistry and Nursing; Federal University of Ceará; Brazil
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HASHIMOTO Y, HASHIMOTO Y, NISHIURA A, MATSUMOTO N. Atomic force microscopy observation of enamel surfaces treated with selfetching primer. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:181-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Treves-Manusevitz S, Hoz L, Rachima H, Montoya G, Tzur E, Vardimon A, Narayanan AS, Amar S, Arzate H, Pitaru S. Stem cells of the lamina propria of human oral mucosa and gingiva develop into mineralized tissues in vivo. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 40:73-81. [PMID: 23137193 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the mineralized tissue formed constitutively in the supracalvarial region of scid mice by a primitive stem cell population (hOMSC) derived from the lamina propria of the human oral mucosa and gingiva. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fibrin-hOMSC constructs were cultured for 14 days at which time point they were analysed for the expression of osteoblastic/cementoblastic markers and implanted between the skin and calvaria bones into scid mice. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the implantation sites analysed. RESULTS Two-week-old cultures of fibrin-hOMSC constructs expressed osteogenic/cementogenic markers at the gene level. Macroscopic and radiographic examinations revealed mineralized masses at the implantation sites of fibrin-hOMSC constructs. Histology, histochemistry and immunofluorescence showed mineralized masses consisting of avascular cellular and acellular matrices that stained positively for collagen, Ca, cementum attachment protein, cementum protein 1, bone sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, amelogenin and ameloblastin. Positive anti-human nuclear antigen indicated the human origin of the cells. Atomic force microscopy depicted long prismatic structures organized in lamellar aggregates. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of this study, the results indicate for the first time that fibrin-hOMSC constructs are endowed with the constitutive capacity to develop into mineralized tissues that exhibit certain similarities to cementum and bone.
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Silva-Benítez EL, Zavala-Alonso V, Martinez-Castanon GA, Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Patiño-Marin N, Ortega-Pedrajo I, García-Godoy F. Shear bond strength evaluation of bonded molar tubes on fluorotic molars. Angle Orthod 2012; 83:152-7. [PMID: 22725261 DOI: 10.2319/030812-203.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the shear bond strength (SBS), sites of failure, and micromorphology of bonded molar tubes used on teeth affected by dental fluorosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro study included 140 first molars classified according to Dean's index for dental fluorosis. Samples were divided into seven groups: (1) healthy teeth etched for 15 seconds, (2) teeth with moderate fluorosis (MOF) etched for 15 seconds, (3) teeth with MOF etched for 150 seconds, (4) teeth with MOF microabrasion etched for 15 seconds, (5) teeth with severe fluorosis (SEF) etched for 15 seconds, (6) teeth with SEF etched for 150 seconds, and (7) teeth with SEF microabrasion etched for 15 seconds. All samples were incubated and were then submitted to the SBS test and evaluated with the modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) and analyzed by using a scanning electronic microscope. RESULTS The SBS mean value for healthy enamel was 20 ± 10.2 MPa. For the group with MOF, the etched 150-second mean value was the highest (19 ± 7.6 MPa); for the group with SEF treated with microabrasion and etched for 15 seconds, the mean value was (13 ± 4.1 MPa). Significant differences (P ≤ .05) were found in the ARI between healthy and fluorosed groups. CONCLUSIONS Fluorotic enamel affects the adhesion of bonded molar tubes. The use of overetching in cases of MOF and the combination of microabrasion and etching in SEF provides a suitable adhesion for fixed appliance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Silva-Benítez
- Department of Dental Science Advanced Education, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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Torres-Gallegos I, Zavala-Alonso V, Patiño-Marín N, Martinez-Castañon GA, Anusavice K, Loyola-Rodríguez JP. Enamel roughness and depth profile after phosphoric acid etching of healthy and fluorotic enamel. Aust Dent J 2012; 57:151-6. [PMID: 22624754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2012.01677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental fluorosis requires aesthetic treatment to improve appearance and etching of enamel surfaces with phosphoric acid is a key step for adhesive restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate surface roughness and a depth profile in healthy and fluorotic enamel before and after phosphoric acid etching at 15, 30 and 60 seconds. METHODS One hundred and sixty enamel samples from third molars with no fluorosis to severe fluorosis were evaluated by atomic force microscopy. RESULTS Healthy enamel showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between mean surface roughness at 15 seconds (180.3 nm), 30 seconds (260.9 nm) and 60 seconds (346.5 nm); depth profiles revealed a significant difference for the 60 second treatment (4240.2 nm). For mild fluorosis, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between mean surface roughness for 30 second (307.8 nm) and 60 second (346.6 nm) treatments; differences in depth profiles were statistically significant at 15 seconds (2546.7 nm), 30 seconds (3884.2 nm) and 60 seconds (3612.1 nm). For moderate fluorosis, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed for surface roughness for 30 second (324.5 nm) and 60 second (396.6 nm) treatments. CONCLUSIONS Surface roughness and depth profile analyses revealed that the best etching results were obtained at 15 seconds for the no fluorosis and mild fluorosis groups, and at 30 seconds for the moderate fluorosis group. Increasing the etching time for severe fluorosis decreased surface roughness and the depth profile, which suggests less micromechanical enamel retention for adhesive bonding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Torres-Gallegos
- The Master's Degree in Dental Science with Specialization in Advanced Education General Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, México
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Zavala-Alonso V, Aguilera-Flores R, Patiño-Marin N, Martinez-Castañon GA, Anusavice KJ, Loyola-Rodriguez JP. Nanostructure evaluation of healthy and fluorotic dentin by atomic force microscopy before and after phosphoric acid etching. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:546-53. [PMID: 21778600 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2011-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to characterize by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the nanostructure of human dentin surfaces affected by dental fluorosis (DF) before and after phosphoric acid etching. This study included 240 human dentin samples classified according to the severity of DF, which were divided into four groups using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). Samples were analyzed by AFM before and after acid etching for 15, 30, and 60 s. The roughness (R(a)) for healthy dentin, and dentin with mild, moderate, and severe fluorosis were 440 nm, 442 nm, 445 nm, and 449 nm, respectively. After 15, 30, and 60 s of acid etching, all healthy and fluorotic dentin samples increased in roughness (p<0.05). The diameter of dentinal tubule orifices (D(t)) in healthy human dentin increased after acid etching for 60 s. We conclude that effective etching times are 15 s for healthy and mild dentin fluorosis, 30-s for moderately fluorosed dentin, and 45-60 s for severe fluorotic dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zavala-Alonso
- General Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry at San Luis Potosi University, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava # 2, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosi, SLP, México
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Belli R, Rahiotis C, Schubert EW, Baratieri LN, Petschelt A, Lohbauer U. Wear and morphology of infiltrated white spot lesions. J Dent 2011; 39:376-85. [PMID: 21376100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the toothbrush wear resistance of infiltrated artificial white spot lesions following two infiltration strategies, and to assess their ultramorphology. METHODS Flat enamel surfaces from freshly extracted bovine teeth were polished and immersed in a Buskes demineralising solution for 30 days to create incipient caries-like lesions (white spots). Two experimental regions on the surface of each tooth were infiltrated with an infiltrant and a commercial etch-and-rinse adhesive. Toothbrush abrasion was applied for 20,000 cycles. Vertical wear loss of the infiltrated areas was measured after 10,000 and 20,000 cycles against unabraded and abraded enamel using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM; multiple t-tests, α=0.05). Each lesion's surface and cross-section were evaluated under CLSM and scanning electron microscopy after etching and infiltration to assess ultramorphology. RESULTS After 20,000 abrasion cycles, a statistically non-significant difference in vertical wear loss was measured for the infiltrant versus the adhesive compared with the original enamel (42.6±20.7 μm vs. 40.4±18.5 μm, p>0.05). Irregular surface profiles were common for the adhesive-infiltrated group as a result of peeling and blistering of the resin-covering layer. Ultramorphology of the infiltrated lesions revealed different patterns of penetration regarding density and depth. CONCLUSIONS Although both infiltration strategies had equivalent wear resistance to toothbrush abrasion, surface and morphological aspects pointed to improved surface stability and infiltration quality for the infiltrant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Belli
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Zavala-Alonso V, Martínez-Castanon GA, Patiño-Marín N, Terrones H, Anusavice K, Loyola-Rodríguez JP. Characterization of healthy and fluorotic enamel by atomic force microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2010; 16:531-536. [PMID: 20813079 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927610093748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to characterize the external structure, roughness, and absolute depth profile (ADP) of fluorotic enamel compared with healthy enamel. Eighty extracted human molars were classified into four groups [TFI: 0, control (C); 1-3, mild (MI); 4-5, moderate (MO); 6-9, severe fluorosis (S)] according to the Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). All samples were analyzed by atomic force microscopy.The mean values of enamel surface roughness (ESR) in nm were: Group C, 92.6; Group MI, 188.8; Group MO, 246.9; and Group S, 532.2. The mean values of absolute depth profile in nm were: C, 1,065.7; MI, 2,360.7; MO, 2,536.7; and S, 6,146.2. The differences between mean ESR and mean ADP among groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This structural study confirms at the nanometer level that there is a positive association between fluorosis severity, ESR, and ADP, and there is an association with the clinical findings of fluorosis measured by TFI as well.
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