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Li X, Zhao R, Liu J, Li Z, Chen A, Xu S, Sheng X. Dynamic changes in calcium signals during root gravitropism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108481. [PMID: 38447424 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Gravitropism is a vital mechanism through which plants adapt to their environment. Previous studies indicated that Ca2+ may play an important role in plant gravitropism. However, our understanding of the calcium signals in root gravitropism is still largely limited. Using a vertical stage confocal and transgenic Arabidopsis R-GECO1, our data showed that gravity stimulation enhances the occurrence of calcium spikes and increases the Ca2+ concentration in the lower side of the root cap. Furthermore, a close correlation was observed in the asymmetry of calcium signals with the inclination angles at which the roots were oriented. The frequency of calcium spikes on the lower side of 90°-rotated root decreases rapidly over time, whereas the asymmetric distribution of auxin readily strengthens for up to 3 h, indicating that the calcium spikes, promoted by gravity stimulation, may precede auxin as one of the early signals. In addition, the root gravitropism of starchless mutants is severely impaired. Correspondingly, no significant increase in calcium spike occurrence was observed in the root caps of these mutants within 15 min following a 90° rotation, indicating the involvement of starch grains in the formation of calcium spikes. However, between 30 and 45 min after a 90° rotation, asymmetric calcium spikes were indeed observed in the root of starchless mutants, suggesting that starch grains are not indispensable for the formation of calcium spikes. Besides, co-localization analysis suggests that the ER may function as calcium stores during the occurrence of calcium spikes. These findings provide further insights into plant gravitropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruoxin Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ai Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shi Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xianyong Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Ryan MH, Kaur P, Nazeri NK, Clode PL, Keeble-Gagnère G, Doolette AL, Smernik RJ, Van Aken O, Nicol D, Maruyama H, Ezawa T, Lambers H, Millar AH, Appels R. Globular structures in roots accumulate phosphorus to extremely high concentrations following phosphorus addition. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1987-2002. [PMID: 30734927 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crops with improved uptake of fertilizer phosphorus (P) would reduce P losses and confer environmental benefits. We examined how P-sufficient 6-week-old soil-grown Trifolium subterraneum plants, and 2-week-old seedlings in solution culture, accumulated P in roots after inorganic P (Pi) addition. In contrast to our expectation that vacuoles would accumulate excess P, after 7 days, X-ray microanalysis showed that vacuolar [P] remained low (<12 mmol kg-1 ). However, in the plants after P addition, some cortex cells contained globular structures extraordinarily rich in P (often >3,000 mmol kg-1 ), potassium, magnesium, and sodium. Similar structures were evident in seedlings, both before and after P addition, with their [P] increasing threefold after P addition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed seedling roots accumulated Pi following P addition, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed large plastids. For seedlings, we demonstrated that roots differentially expressed genes after P addition using RNAseq mapped to the T. subterraneum reference genome assembly and transcriptome profiles. Among the most up-regulated genes after 4 hr was TSub_g9430.t1, which is similar to plastid envelope Pi transporters (PHT4;1, PHT4;4): expression of vacuolar Pi-transporter homologs did not change. We suggest that subcellular P accumulation in globular structures, which may include plastids, aids cytosolic Pi homeostasis under high-P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Ryan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Plant Genetics and Breeding and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nazanin K Nazeri
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis and UWA School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ashlea L Doolette
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, Australia
| | - Ronald J Smernik
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, Australia
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dion Nicol
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia, Dryland Research Institute, Merredin, Australia
| | - Hayato Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ezawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hans Lambers
- UWA School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Rudi Appels
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio, Bundoora, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Bioscience, Parkville, Australia
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Moysset L, Llambrich E, Simón E. Calcium changes in Robinia pseudoacacia pulvinar motor cells during nyctinastic closure mediated by phytochromes. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:615-629. [PMID: 30382423 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Potassium pyroantimonate precipitation, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray microanalysis were used to investigate the subcellular localization of loosely bound calcium in Robinia pseudoacacia pulvinar motor cells during phytochrome-mediated nyctinastic closure. Calcium localization was carried out in pulvini collected in white light 2 h after the beginning of the photoperiod, immediately after a red light or a far-red light pulse applied 2 h after the beginning of the photoperiod and after 15 or 25 min of darkness respectively. Calcium antimonate precipitates were found in all the pulvinar tissues from the epidermis to the vascular bundle, independent of the light treatment. At subcellular level, precipitates were found mainly in the intercellular spaces, the inner surface of the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, colloidal vacuoles, and nuclei. Red light enhanced the nyctinastic closure of leaflets and caused an asymmetric distribution of cytosolic calcium precipitates between the extensor and flexor motor cells. Both the number and area of the cytosolic calcium precipitates drastically increased in the extensor cells compared to the flexor motor cells. Red light had a rapid and transient effect on the distribution of cytosolic calcium precipitates, which occurred during or at the end of the irradiation, before leaflet closure. By contrast, the distribution of cytosolic loosely bound calcium was similar between the extensor and flexor motor cells after irradiation with far-red light. Our results demonstrate that red light causes specific calcium mobilization in pulvinar motor cells and suggest the involvement of cytoplasmic Ca2+ as a second messenger for phytochrome during nyctinastic closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Moysset
- Departament of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Margalef Building, Floor 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esther Llambrich
- Departament of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Margalef Building, Floor 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Simón
- Departament of Evolutive Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Margalef Building, Floor 5, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Bizet F, Pereda-Loth V, Chauvet H, Gérard J, Eche B, Girousse C, Courtade M, Perbal G, Legué V. Both gravistimulation onset and removal trigger an increase of cytoplasmic free calcium in statocytes of roots grown in microgravity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11442. [PMID: 30061667 PMCID: PMC6065396 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravity is a permanent environmental signal guiding plant growth and development. Gravity sensing in plants starts with the displacement of starch-filled plastids called statoliths, ultimately leading to auxin redistribution and organ curvature. While the involvement in gravity sensing of several actors such as calcium is known, the effect of statolith displacement on calcium changes remains enigmatic. Microgravity is a unique environmental condition offering the opportunity to decipher this link. In this study, roots of Brassica napus were grown aboard the International Space Station (ISS) either in microgravity or in a centrifuge simulating Earth gravity. The impact of short simulated gravity onset and removal was measured on statolith positioning and intracellular free calcium was assessed using pyroantimonate precipitates as cytosolic calcium markers. Our findings show that a ten-minute onset or removal of gravity induces very low statolith displacement, but which is, nevertheless, associated with an increase of the number of pyroantimonate precipitates. These results highlight that a change in the cytosolic calcium distribution is triggered in absence of a significant statolith displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bizet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Hugo Chauvet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joëlle Gérard
- UMR IAM, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54280, Champenoux, France
- UMR EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Brigitte Eche
- GSBMS, AMIS5288, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Girousse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, GDEC, F- 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Gérald Perbal
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Legué
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- UMR IAM, INRA, Université de Lorraine, 54280, Champenoux, France.
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Itouga M, Hayatsu M, Sato M, Tsuboi Y, Kato Y, Toyooka K, Suzuki S, Nakatsuka S, Kawakami S, Kikuchi J, Sakakibara H. Protonema of the moss Funaria hygrometrica can function as a lead (Pb) adsorbent. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189726. [PMID: 29261745 PMCID: PMC5738082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water contamination by heavy metals from industrial activities is a serious environmental concern. To mitigate heavy metal toxicity and to recover heavy metals for recycling, biomaterials used in phytoremediation and bio-sorbent filtration have recently drawn renewed attention. The filamentous protonemal cells of the moss Funaria hygrometrica can hyperaccumulate lead (Pb) up to 74% of their dry weight when exposed to solutions containing divalent Pb. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that Pb is localized to the cell walls, endoplasmic reticulum-like membrane structures, and chloroplast thylakoids, suggesting that multiple Pb retention mechanisms are operating in living F. hygrometrica. The main Pb-accumulating compartment was the cell wall, and prepared cell-wall fractions could also adsorb Pb. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that polysaccharides composed of polygalacturonic acid and cellulose probably serve as the most effective Pb-binding components. The adsorption abilities were retained throughout a wide range of pH values, and bound Pb was not desorbed under conditions of high ionic strength. In addition, the moss is highly tolerant to Pb. These results suggest that the moss F. hygrometrica could be a useful tool for the mitigation of Pb-toxicity in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misao Itouga
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayatsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukari Kato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Suechika Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakatsuka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.,DOWA Technology Co., Ltd., Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Hayatsu M, Suzuki S. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis studies on the distribution change of intra- and extracellular calcium in the elongation zone of horizontally reoriented soybean roots. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015; 64:327-34. [PMID: 26069276 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the contribution of Ca to the gravitropic response, quantitative X-ray microanalyses were performed on cryosections of roots of soybean seedlings reoriented horizontally from their original vertical orientation. After reorientation, the roots bent gradually toward the ground at the elongation zone. The concentrations of Ca in the cell walls, cytoplasmic matrices and central vacuoles of cortical cells were measured in the upper and lower halves of the elongation zone at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min after reorientation. The Ca concentration did not significantly change in the cytoplasmic matrices or vacuoles. Additionally, the Ca concentration did not change significantly in cell walls at 30 min after reorientation; however, beyond 30 min, this concentration significantly increased gradually in the lower half of the elongation zone and decreased in the upper half of the elongation zone, indicating a typical asymmetrical distribution of Ca. These results suggest that Ca moves apoplastically in soybean roots to produce an asymmetrical Ca distribution in the elongation zone, which contributes to root curvature. The possible role of Ca in accelerating or repressing the effect of auxin is also discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hayatsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Suechika Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
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Hayatsu M, Suzuki S, Hasegawa A, Tsuchiya S, Sasamoto H. Effect of NaCl on ionic content and distribution in suspension-cultured cells of the halophyte Sonneratia alba versus the glycophyte Oryza sativa. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1385-1391. [PMID: 25062529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a high concentration of NaCl on the intra- (cytoplasmic matrix and vacuole) and extracellular (cell wall) distribution of Na, Cl, K, Mg, Ca, S, and P was investigated in suspension-cultured cells of the mangrove halophyte Sonneratia alba and compared to cultured cells of glycophytic rice (Oryza sativa). No significant differences were observed in ultrastructural features of cluster cells of both species cultured with and without 50mM NaCl. Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of cryosections of the cells cultured in the presence of 50mM NaCl showed that the Na concentration ([Na]) and Cl concentration ([Cl]) significantly increased in all three cell components measured. In S. alba, the [Na] was highest in the vacuole and lowest in the cytoplasmic matrix, while the [Cl] was highest in the cell wall and lowest in the cytoplasmic matrix. In O. sativa, however, the [Na] and [Cl] were highest in the cell wall, and the [Na] was lowest in the cytoplasmic matrix. Thus, the possible activities for Na and Cl transport from the cytoplasmic matrix into the vacuole were greater in S. alba than in O. sativa, suggesting that halophilic mangrove cells gain salt tolerance by transporting Na and Cl into their vacuoles. In O. sativa, the addition of NaCl to the culture medium caused no significant changes to the intracellular concentrations of various elements, such as K, P, S, Ca, and Mg, which suggests the absence of a direct relationship with the transport Na and Cl. In contrast, a marked decrease in the Ca concentration ([Ca]) in the cytoplasmic matrix and vacuole and an approximately two-fold increase in the P concentration ([P]) in the cytoplasmic matrix were found in S. alba, suggesting that the decrease in the [Ca] is related to the halophilic nature of S. alba (as indicated by the inward movement of Na(+) and Cl(-)). The possible roles of a Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange mechanism in halophilism and the effect of the [P] on the metabolic activity under saline conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Hayatsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan; Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan.
| | - Suechika Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan; Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Ai Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Shinpei Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Hamako Sasamoto
- Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan; Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
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