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Yoshida K, Sasaki Y, Kuwabara A, Ikuhara Y. Applications of electron microscopic observations to electrochemistry in liquid electrolytes for batteries. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:154-168. [PMID: 37698551 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we review notable points from observations of electrochemical reactions in a liquid electrolyte by liquid-phase electron microscopy. In situ microscopic observations of electrochemical reactions are urgently required, particularly to solve various battery issues. Battery performance is evaluated by various electrochemical measurements of bulk samples. However, it is necessary to understand the physical/chemical phenomena occurring in batteries to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. Thus, in situ microscopic observation is effective for understanding the reactions that occur in batteries. Herein, we focus on two methods, of the liquid phase (scanning) transmission electron microscopy and liquid phase scanning electron microscopy, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Yoshida
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Yuki Sasaki
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Akihide Kuwabara
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Velasco-Velez JJ, Mom RV, Sandoval-Diaz LE, Falling LJ, Chuang CH, Gao D, Jones TE, Zhu Q, Arrigo R, Roldan Cuenya B, Knop-Gericke A, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R. Revealing the Active Phase of Copper during the Electroreduction of CO 2 in Aqueous Electrolyte by Correlating In Situ X-ray Spectroscopy and In Situ Electron Microscopy. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2020; 5:2106-2111. [PMID: 32551364 PMCID: PMC7296532 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The variation in the morphology and electronic structure of copper during the electroreduction of CO2 into valuable hydrocarbons and alcohols was revealed by combining in situ surface- and bulk-sensitive X-ray spectroscopies with electrochemical scanning electron microscopy. These experiments proved that the electrified interface surface and near-surface are dominated by reduced copper. The selectivity to the formation of the key C-C bond is enhanced at higher cathodic potentials as a consequence of increased copper metallicity. In addition, the reduction of the copper oxide electrode and oxygen loss in the lattice reconstructs the electrode to yield a rougher surface with more uncoordinated sites, which controls the dissociation barrier of water and CO2. Thus, according to these results, copper oxide species can only be stabilized kinetically under CO2 reduction reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Jesus Velasco-Velez
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Rik V. Mom
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Luis-Ernesto Sandoval-Diaz
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Lorenz J. Falling
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Department
of Physics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Dunfeng Gao
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - Travis E. Jones
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- School of
Science, Engineering and Environment, University
of Salford, 314 Cockcroft
Building, M5 4 WT Manchester, U.K.
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin 14195, Germany
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Ushiki T. K-3 Scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy for visualizing the three-dimensional structure of cells and tissues. Microscopy (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Ushiki
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Inoue N, Takashima Y, Suga M, Suzuki T, Nemoto Y, Takai O. Observation of wet specimens sensitive to evaporation using scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy (Oxf) 2018; 67:356-366. [PMID: 30307558 PMCID: PMC6278750 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet specimens are notoriously difficult to image in scanning electron microscopes (SEM) owing to evaporation from the required vacuum of the specimen chamber. Traditionally, this issue has been addressed by increasing the specimen chamber pressure. Unfortunately, observation under high specimen chamber pressure cannot prevent the initial evaporation effects. The wet cover method, where the original surface water is retained (and, therefore, considered wet), provides a way to introduce and subsequently image specimens that are sensitive to evaporation within a SEM, while preventing evaporation-related damage, and to observe interesting specimen-water interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Osamu Takai
- Materials and Surface Engineering Research Institute, Kanto Gakuin University, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Scanning ion conductance microscopy for visualizing the three-dimensional surface topography of cells and tissues. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 73:125-131. [PMID: 28939037 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), which belongs to the family of scanning probe microscopy, regulates the tip-sample distance by monitoring the ion current through the use of an electrolyte-filled nanopipette as the probing tip. Thus, SICM enables "contact-free" imaging of cell surface topography in liquid conditions. In this paper, we applied hopping mode SICM for obtaining topographical images of convoluted tissue samples such as trachea and kidney in phosphate buffered saline. Some of the SICM images were compared with the images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after drying the same samples. We showed that the imaging quality of hopping mode SICM was excellent enough for investigating the three-dimensional surface structure of the soft tissue samples. Thus, SICM is expected to be used for imaging a wide variety of cells and tissues - either fixed or alive- at high resolution under physiologically relevant liquid conditions.
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Begemann I, Galic M. Correlative Light Electron Microscopy: Connecting Synaptic Structure and Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:28. [PMID: 27601992 PMCID: PMC4993758 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many core paradigms of contemporary neuroscience are based on information obtained by electron or light microscopy. Intriguingly, these two imaging techniques are often viewed as complementary, yet separate entities. Recent technological advancements in microscopy techniques, labeling tools, and fixation or preparation procedures have fueled the development of a series of hybrid approaches that allow correlating functional fluorescence microscopy data and ultrastructural information from electron micrographs from a singular biological event. As correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) approaches become increasingly accessible, long-standing neurobiological questions regarding structure-function relation are being revisited. In this review, we will survey what developments in electron and light microscopy have spurred the advent of correlative approaches, highlight the most relevant CLEM techniques that are currently available, and discuss its potential and limitations with respect to neuronal and synapse-specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Begemann
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion', (EXC 1003), University of Muenster, MuensterGermany; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University Hospital Münster, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
| | - Milos Galic
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion', (EXC 1003), University of Muenster, MuensterGermany; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University Hospital Münster, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
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