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Wazawa T, Noma R, Uto S, Sugiura K, Washio T, Nagai T. A photoswitchable fluorescent protein for hours-time-lapse and sub-second-resolved super-resolution imaging. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:340-352. [PMID: 33481018 PMCID: PMC8350982 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) are a class of fluorescent proteins whose fluorescence can be turned on and off by light irradiation. RSFPs have become essential tools for super-resolution (SR) imaging. Because most SR imaging techniques require high-power-density illumination, mitigating phototoxicity in cells due to intense light irradiation has been a challenge. Although we previously developed an RSFP named Kohinoor to achieve SR imaging with low phototoxicity, the photoproperties were insufficient to move a step further to explore the cellular dynamics by SR imaging. Here, we show an improved version of RSFP, Kohinoor2.0, which is suitable for SR imaging of cellular processes. Kohinoor2.0 shows a 2.6-fold higher fluorescence intensity, 2.5-fold faster chromophore maturation and 1.5-fold faster off-switching than Kohinoor. The analysis of the pH dependence of the visible absorption band revealed that Kohinoor2.0 and Kohinoor were in equilibria among multiple fluorescently bright and dark states, with the mutations introduced into Kohinoor2.0 bringing about a higher stabilization of the fluorescently bright states compared to Kohinoor. Using Kohinoor2.0 with our SR imaging technique, super-resolution polarization demodulation/on-state polarization angle narrowing, we conducted 4-h time-lapse SR imaging of an actin filament network in mammalian cells with a total acquisition time of 480 s without a noticeable indication of phototoxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrated the SR imaging of mitochondria dynamics at a time resolution of 0.5 s, in which the fusion and fission processes were clearly visualized. Thus, Kohinoor2.0 is shown to be an invaluable RSFP for the SR imaging of cellular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuichi Wazawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Ryohei Noma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shusaku Uto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sugiura
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Washio
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.,Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.,Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Zhanghao K, Liu W, Li M, Wu Z, Wang X, Chen X, Shan C, Wang H, Chen X, Dai Q, Xi P, Jin D. High-dimensional super-resolution imaging reveals heterogeneity and dynamics of subcellular lipid membranes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5890. [PMID: 33208737 PMCID: PMC7674432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid membranes are found in most intracellular organelles, and their heterogeneities play an essential role in regulating the organelles' biochemical functionalities. Here we report a Spectrum and Polarization Optical Tomography (SPOT) technique to study the subcellular lipidomics in live cells. Simply using one dye that universally stains the lipid membranes, SPOT can simultaneously resolve the membrane morphology, polarity, and phase from the three optical-dimensions of intensity, spectrum, and polarization, respectively. These high-throughput optical properties reveal lipid heterogeneities of ten subcellular compartments, at different developmental stages, and even within the same organelle. Furthermore, we obtain real-time monitoring of the multi-organelle interactive activities of cell division and successfully reveal their sophisticated lipid dynamics during the plasma membrane separation, tunneling nanotubules formation, and mitochondrial cristae dissociation. This work suggests research frontiers in correlating single-cell super-resolution lipidomics with multiplexed imaging of organelle interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Zhanghao
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xingye Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqian Wang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xi
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Dayong Jin
- UTS-SUStech Joint Research Centre for Biomedical Materials & Devices, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Fluorescent Protein-Based Indicators for Functional Super-Resolution Imaging of Biomolecular Activities in Living Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225784. [PMID: 31744242 PMCID: PMC6887983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution light microscopy (SRM) offers a unique opportunity for diffraction-unlimited imaging of biomolecular activities in living cells. To realize such potential, genetically encoded indicators were developed recently from fluorescent proteins (FPs) that exhibit phototransformation behaviors including photoactivation, photoconversion, and photoswitching, etc. Super-resolution observations of biomolecule interactions and biochemical activities have been demonstrated by exploiting the principles of bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), points accumulation for imaging nanoscale topography (PAINT), and fluorescence fluctuation increase by contact (FLINC), etc. To improve functional nanoscopy with the technology of genetically encoded indicators, it is essential to fully decipher the photo-induced chemistry of FPs and opt for innovative indicator designs that utilize not only fluorescence intensity but also multi-parametric readouts such as phototransformation kinetics. In parallel, technical improvements to both the microscopy optics and image analysis pipeline are promising avenues to increase the sensitivity and versatility of functional SRM.
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Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors ensuring the mechanical connection between cells and the extracellular matrix. In addition to the anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, these receptors have critical functions in intracellular signaling, but are also taking center stage in many physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we provide some historical, structural, and physiological notes so that the diverse functions of these receptors can be appreciated and put into the context of the emerging field of mechanobiology. We propose that the exciting journey of the exploration of these receptors will continue for at least another new generation of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva , Switzerland ; and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Fimlab Laboratories , Tampere , Finland
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Zhanghao K, Chen X, Liu W, Li M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Luo S, Wang X, Shan C, Xie H, Gao J, Chen X, Jin D, Li X, Zhang Y, Dai Q, Xi P. Super-resolution imaging of fluorescent dipoles via polarized structured illumination microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4694. [PMID: 31619676 PMCID: PMC6795901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization microscopy images both the intensity and orientation of fluorescent dipoles and plays a vital role in studying molecular structures and dynamics of bio-complexes. However, current techniques remain difficult to resolve the dipole assemblies on subcellular structures and their dynamics in living cells at super-resolution level. Here we report polarized structured illumination microscopy (pSIM), which achieves super-resolution imaging of dipoles by interpreting the dipoles in spatio-angular hyperspace. We demonstrate the application of pSIM on a series of biological filamentous systems, such as cytoskeleton networks and λ-DNA, and report the dynamics of short actin sliding across a myosin-coated surface. Further, pSIM reveals the side-by-side organization of the actin ring structures in the membrane-associated periodic skeleton of hippocampal neurons and images the dipole dynamics of green fluorescent protein-labeled microtubules in live U2OS cells. pSIM applies directly to a large variety of commercial and home-built SIM systems with various imaging modality. Polarization microscopy has been combined with single-molecule localization, but it’s often limited in either speed or resolution. Here the authors present polarized Structured Illumination Microscopy (pSIM), a method that uses polarized laser excitation to measure dye orientation during fast super-resolution live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Zhanghao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingye Chen
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Meiqi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiangdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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