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Vaz RF, Albaladejo-Fuentes V, Sanchez J, Ocaña U, Corral ZG, Canales H, Cano IG. Metal Knitting: A New Strategy for Cold Gas Spray Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6785. [PMID: 36234127 PMCID: PMC9572054 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing (CSAM) is an emergent technique to produce parts by the additive method, and, like other technologies, it has pros and cons. Some advantages are using oxygen-sensitive materials to make parts, such as Ti alloys, with fast production due to the high deposition rate, and lower harmful residual stress levels. However, the limitation in the range of the parts' geometries is a huge CSAM con. This work presents a new conceptual strategy for CSAM spraying. The controlled manipulation of the robot arm combined with the proper spraying parameters aims to optimize the deposition efficiency and the adhesion of particles on the part sidewalls, resulting in geometries from thin straight walls, less than 5 mm thick, up to large bulks. This new strategy, Metal Knitting, is presented regarding its fundamentals and by comparing the parts' geometries produced by Metal Knitting with the traditional strategy. The Metal Knitting described here made parts with vertical sidewalls, in contrast to the 40 degrees of inclination obtained by the traditional strategy. Their mechanical properties, microstructures, hardness, and porosity are also compared for Cu, Ti, Ti6Al4V, 316L stainless steel, and Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolpho F. Vaz
- Thermal Spray Centre CPT, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franques 1, 7a planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Albaladejo-Fuentes
- Thermal Spray Centre CPT, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franques 1, 7a planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Sanchez
- Thermal Spray Centre CPT, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franques 1, 7a planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Unai Ocaña
- Thermal Spray Centre CPT, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franques 1, 7a planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ziortza G. Corral
- Thermal Spray Centre CPT, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franques 1, 7a planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Horacio Canales
- Cátedras CONACyT—Centro de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Industrial (CIDESI), Av. Playa Pie de la Cuesta No. 702, Desarrollo San Pablo, Santiago de Querétaro C.P. 76125, Mexico
| | - Irene G. Cano
- Thermal Spray Centre CPT, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franques 1, 7a planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Liu Y, Xie D, Zhou R, Zhang Y. 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging for the microarchitecture evaluation of porous metallic implants and scaffolds. Micron 2020; 142:102994. [PMID: 33341436 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As an advanced microscopy technology with strong sample adaptability and non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) characteristics, X-ray micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) can establish the overall connection between various microarchitecture parameters and accelerate the research process of porous metallic implants and scaffolds. In this review, the Micro-CT based quantitative evaluation methods of microarchitecture and bone formation are investigated. To ensure reliability of the results, the Micro-CT setup is discussed briefly and the essential image processing algorithms are introduced in detail. The significance and limitations of Micro-CT are analyzed in the context of research on porous metallic implants. We also discuss the future development of Micro-CT technology in the field of biological tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Liu
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Dongyang Xie
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Rifeng Zhou
- Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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