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Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, Squadrito F, Altavilla D, Bitto A. Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8416763. [PMID: 28819546 PMCID: PMC5551541 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8416763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1747] [Impact Index Per Article: 249.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify these reactive products. ROS can play, and in fact they do it, several physiological roles (i.e., cell signaling), and they are normally generated as by-products of oxygen metabolism; despite this, environmental stressors (i.e., UV, ionizing radiations, pollutants, and heavy metals) and xenobiotics (i.e., antiblastic drugs) contribute to greatly increase ROS production, therefore causing the imbalance that leads to cell and tissue damage (oxidative stress). Several antioxidants have been exploited in recent years for their actual or supposed beneficial effect against oxidative stress, such as vitamin E, flavonoids, and polyphenols. While we tend to describe oxidative stress just as harmful for human body, it is true as well that it is exploited as a therapeutic approach to treat clinical conditions such as cancer, with a certain degree of clinical success. In this review, we will describe the most recent findings in the oxidative stress field, highlighting both its bad and good sides for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Cucinotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arcoraci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Santos L, Davel AP, Almeida TIR, Almeida MR, Soares EA, Fernandes GJM, Magalhães SF, Barauna VG, Garcia JAD. Soy milk versus simvastatin for preventing atherosclerosis and left ventricle remodeling in LDL receptor knockout mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e5854. [PMID: 28225891 PMCID: PMC5333721 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional food intake has been highlighted as a strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases by reducing risk factors. In this study, we compared the effects of oral treatment with soy milk and simvastatin on dyslipidemia, left ventricle remodeling and atherosclerotic lesion of LDL receptor knockout mice (LDLr-/-) fed a hyperlipidic diet. Forty 3-month old male LDLr-/- mice were distributed into four groups: control group (C), in which animals received standard diet; HL group, in which animals were fed a hyperlipidic diet; HL+SM or HL+S groups, in which animals were submitted to a hyperlipidic diet plus soy milk or simvastatin, respectively. After 60 days, both soy milk and simvastatin treatment prevented dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic lesion progression and left ventricle hypertrophy in LDLr-/- mice. These beneficial effects of soy milk and simvastatin were associated with reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory state in the heart and aorta caused by the hyperlipidic diet. Treatment with soy milk was more effective in preventing HDLc reduction and triacylglycerol and VLDLc increase. On the other hand, simvastatin was more effective in preventing an increase in total cholesterol, LDLc and superoxide production in aorta, as well as CD40L both in aorta and left ventricle of LDLr-/-. In conclusion, our results suggest a cardioprotective effect of soy milk in LDLr-/- mice comparable to the well-known effects of simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Santos
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil.,Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - A P Davel
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - T I R Almeida
- Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas, Muzambinho, MG, Brasil
| | - M R Almeida
- Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas, Muzambinho, MG, Brasil
| | - E A Soares
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - G J M Fernandes
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - S F Magalhães
- Departmento de Biomedicina, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - V G Barauna
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - J A D Garcia
- Departmento de Tecnologia, Ciência e Educação, Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas, Machado, MG, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
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Korean traditional Chungkookjang improves body composition, lipid profiles and atherogenic indices in overweight/obese subjects: a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1116-1122. [PMID: 27302672 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Chungkookjang is a Korean representative fermented soybean food. In this study, we investigated the effect of Korean traditional Chungkookjang compared with placebo on body composition, dyslipidemia and risk factors for atherosclerosis in overweight/obese subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS This double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial was conducted on 120 overweight/obese subjects, aged 19-29 years. Subjects were randomly divided into a Chungkookjang (n=60) or a placebo (n=60) group. After 12 weeks, the groups were crossed over for an additional 12 weeks. During the intervention period, subjects were asked to maintain their usual diet and activity and not to take any functional foods or dietary supplements. The anthropometric measures, lipid profiles and atherogenic indices were determined at baseline and at the end of each 12-week period. RESULTS The anthropometry measurements, percentage body fat, lean body mass, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio of women in the Chungkookjang group were significantly improved compared with the placebo group. Lipid profiles and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein of women in Chungkookjang were significantly improved. The atherogenic indices of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 decreased in both the placebo and the Chungkookjang group, and it also decreased below 0.55 for all the men and women in the Chungkookjang group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results suggest that supplementation with Chungkookjang may improve body composition and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese adults.
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Kalaiselvan V, Kalaivani M, Vijayakumar A, Sureshkumar K, Venkateskumar K. Current knowledge and future direction of research on soy isoflavones as a therapeutic agents. Pharmacogn Rev 2012; 4:111-7. [PMID: 22228950 PMCID: PMC3249910 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.70900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones, the most abundant phytoestrogens in Soy beans, are structurally similar to 17beta-estradiol. The antioxidant property of the soy isoflavones, namely, genistein and daidzein is well established in different experimental models and also in clinical studies. The compounds have been found effective in the management of diabetes by acting on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. It reduces the risk of coronary heart disease by reducing the level of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Soy isoflavones have the potential in the treatment of osteoporosis to act on osteoclasts further to inhibit tyrosine kinase. Among the soy isoflavones, genistein is the potential compound found effective in the treatment of cancer by acting on androgen receptor further to inhibit tyrosine kinases. In this article, various aspects of the diverse biological activities of soy isoflavones and their potential clinical implications with mechanism of action, especially in the treatment and prevention of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, neuroprotection, and also future area of research on soy isoflavones are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kalaiselvan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Sector 23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad- 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Effect of dietary protein level and origin on the redox status in the digestive tract of mice. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:464-475. [PMID: 19325762 PMCID: PMC2635687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of high protein (soybean protein or casein) on the balance between production of free radicals and antioxidant level in digestive organs of mice. For this purpose, male (C57BL/6J) mice were adapted to experimental diets containing soybean protein or casein with 20% (normal protein diets, NPDs) or 60% (high protein diets, HPDs), and HPDs supplemented with 0.06g/kg cysteamine. After two weeks of feeding, oxidative and antioxidative parameters in duodenum, liver and pancreas were measured. The results show that ingestion of high protein markedly increased contents of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and Na+ K+-ATPase, and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in digestive organs of mice (P<0.05). Levels of oxidative parameters were lower and antioxidant capacity of both enzyme and non-enzyme was higher in mice fed with soybean protein than those fed with casein. In groups fed HPDs supplemented with cysteamine, oxidative stress was mitigated. However, oxidative parameter levels were still higher than those of NPD-fed groups. The present study indicates that ingestion of high protein diets could result in an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant, and thus induce oxidative stress in digestive organs of mice. The oxidative damage was smaller in mice fed with high level of soy protein in comparison with casein.
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