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Wong Min M, Liu L, Karboune S. Investigating the Potential of Phenolic Compounds and Carbohydrates as Acceptor Substrates for Levansucrase-Catalyzed Transfructosylation Reaction. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400107. [PMID: 38536122 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study characterizes the acceptor specificity of levansucrases (LSs) from Gluconobacter oxydans (LS1), Vibrio natriegens (LS2), Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (LS3), and Paraburkholderia graminis (LS4) using sucrose as fructosyl donor and selected phenolic compounds and carbohydrates as acceptors. Overall, V. natriegens LS2 proved to be the best biocatalyst for the transfructosylation of phenolic compounds. More than one fructosyl unit could be attached to fructosylated phenolic compounds. The transfructosylation of epicatechin by P. graminis LS4 resulted in the most diversified products, with up to five fructosyl units transferred. In addition to the LS source, the acceptor specificity of LS towards phenolic compounds and their transfructosylation products were found to greatly depend on their chemical structure: the number of phenolic rings, the reactivity of hydroxyl groups and the presence of aliphatic chains or methoxy groups. Similarly, for carbohydrates, the transfructosylation yield was dependent on both the LS source and the acceptor type. The highest yield of fructosylated-trisaccharides was Erlose from the transfructosylation of maltose catalyzed by LS2, with production reaching 200 g/L. LS2 was more selective towards the transfructosylation of phenolic compounds and carbohydrates, while reactions catalyzed by LS1, LS3 and LS4 also produced fructooligosaccharides. This study shows the high potential for the application of LSs in the glycosylation of phenolic compounds and carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Wong Min
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111, Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Baky MH, Salah M, Ezzelarab N, Shao P, Elshahed MS, Farag MA. Insoluble dietary fibers: structure, metabolism, interactions with human microbiome, and role in gut homeostasis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1954-1968. [PMID: 36094440 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of food rich in dietary fibers (DFs) has been long recognized to exert an overall beneficial effect on human health. This review aims to provide a holistic overview on how IDFs impact human gut health either directly, or through modulation of the gut microbiome. Several databases were searched for collecting papers such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and Reaxys from 2000 till 2022. Firstly, an overview of the chemical structure of the various IDFs and the pathways employed by gut microbiota for their degradation is provided. The impact of IDFs on microbial community structure and pathogens colonization inside the human gut was discussed. Finally, the impact of IDFs on gut homeostasis and systemic effects at the cellular level, as well as the overall immunological benefits of IDFs consumption were analyzed. IDFs viz., cellulose, hemicellulose, resistant starch, and lignin found enriched in food are discussed for these effects. IDFs were found to induce gut immunity, improve intestinal integrity and mucosal proliferation, and favor adhesion of probiotics and hence improve human health. Also, IDFs were concluded to improve the bioavailability of plant polyphenols and improve their health-related functional roles. Ultimately, dietary fibers processing by modification shows potential to enhance fibers-based functional food production, in addition to increase the economic value and usage of food-rich fibers and their by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Microbiology Department, College of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Nada Ezzelarab
- Biology Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Mostafa S Elshahed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Long J, Pan T, Xie Z, Xu X, Jin Z. Co-immobilization of β-fructofuranosidase and glucose oxidase improves the stability of Bi-enzymes and the production of lactosucrose. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Long J, Pan T, Xie Z, Xu X, Jin Z. Effective production of lactosucrose using β-fructofuranosidase and glucose oxidase co-immobilized by sol-gel encapsulation. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3302-3316. [PMID: 31660144 PMCID: PMC6804766 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of lactosucrose is hampered by the costly use of β-fructofuranosidase, which shows poor stability and a low efficiency in transfructosylation activity. Immobilization could improve enzyme stability and realize the cyclic utilization at a reduced cost. In order to eliminate the by-product inhibition and improve the transfructosylation efficiency, β-fructofuranosidase and glucose oxidase were co-immobilized by sol-gel encapsulation and the subsequent production efficiency of lactosucrose was investigated. The as-prepared immobilized bi-enzymes retained 85.39% of their initial activity at an enzyme concentration of 1.47 mg/g·sol during immobilization and showed great operational stability (maintaining 78.5% of their initial activity) after 15 consecutive reuses. The yield of lactosucrose synthesized by immobilized bi-enzymes reached 160.8 g/L under the optimized conditions, which was relatively higher than previous reported results. Moreover, the yield of lactosucrose synthesized by immobilized bi-enzymes was significantly improved as compared to that synthesized by immobilized β-fructofuranosidase. HPLC and NMR spectrum results confirmed the presence of lactosucrose during immobilized bi-enzymes catalysis. Furthermore, a relatively high purity of lactosucrose was obtained (87.4% determined by HPLC) after separation with Diaion UBK535 calcium ester resin, and the optimal conditions for separation of lactosucrose were investigated. These results indicated that the co-immobilization of β-fructofuranosidase-glucose oxidase was helpful to improve the production of lactosucrose with low costs, which can be used in continuous lactosucrose production in food industry in advantages of high stability and reusability. And the as-prepared lactosucrose with high purity can be applied to many kinds of food as functional additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Long
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvinceJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Ting Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Zhengjun Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xueming Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvinceJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
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Li W, Yu S, Zhang T, Jiang B, Stressler T, Fischer L, Mu W. Efficient Biosynthesis of Lactosucrose from Sucrose and Lactose by the Purified Recombinant Levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512 FMC. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9755-9763. [PMID: 26487543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lactosucrose, a rare trisaccharide formed from sucrose and lactose by enzymatic transglycosylation, is a type of indigestible carbohydrate with a good prebiotic effect. In this study, lactosucrose biosynthesis was efficiently carried out by a purified levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512. The target gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity by nickel affinity and gel filtration chromatography. The effects of pH, temperature, substrate concentration, substrate ratio, and enzyme amount on lactosucrose biosynthesis were studied in detail, and the optimized conditions were determined to be pH 6.5, 50 °C, 27% (W/V) sucrose, 27% (W/V) lactose, and 5 U mL(-1) of the purified recombinant enzyme. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maximal lactosucrose yield reached 224 g L(-1) after reaction for 1 h. Therefore, L. mesenteroides levansucrase could be considered a potential candidate for future industrial production of lactosucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Timo Stressler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology , Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstrasse 25, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology , Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstrasse 25, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology , Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Science, Garbenstrasse 25, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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Corzo-Martinez M, Luscher A, de Las Rivas B, Muñoz R, Moreno FJ. Valorization of Cheese and Tofu Whey through Enzymatic Synthesis of Lactosucrose. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139035. [PMID: 26406885 PMCID: PMC4583474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with the development of a new bioprocess for the efficient synthesis of lactosucrose, a potential prebiotic oligosaccharide with a high value-added, from two important and inexpensive agro-industrial by-products such as tofu whey and cheese whey permeate. The bioconversion is driven by the ability of the enzyme levansucrase SacB from Bacillus subtilis CECT 39 to transfructosylate lactose contained in the cheese whey permeate by using not only sucrose but also raffinose and stachyose, which are present in considerable amounts in the tofu whey, as suitable donors of fructosyl moieties. The maximum lactosucrose concentration obtained from both by-products was 80.1 g L-1 after a short reaction time 120 min at 37°C, leading to productivity and specific productivity values of 40.1 g lactosucrose L-1 h-1 and 80.1 mg lactosucrose U enzyme−1 h−1, respectively. Findings contained in this work could provide a new strategy to valorize agro-industrial by-products as cheese whey permeate and, specially, tofu whey by means of their use as renewable resources in the enzymatic synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Corzo-Martinez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Luscher
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Recent novel applications of levansucrases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6959-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wu C, Zhang T, Mu W, Miao M, Jiang B. Biosynthesis of lactosylfructoside by an intracellular levansucrase from Bacillus methylotrophicus SK 21.002. Carbohydr Res 2015; 401:122-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Current studies on physiological functions and biological production of lactosucrose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:7073-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Buddington RK, Kelly-Quagliana K, Buddington KK, Kimura Y. Non–digestible oligosaccharides and defense functions: lessons learned from animal models. Br J Nutr 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/bjn/2002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Animals are constantly exposed to a diversity of health challenges and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a major, if not the principal, site of exposure. Animal models and a limited number of human clinical studies have shown that the assemblages and metabolic activities of the resident bacteria are important determinants of the effectiveness of the various host defense mechanisms and thereby influence the ability of animals to respond to health challenges. The assemblages of bacteria resident in the GIT provide a first line of defense that can exclude invading pathogens, reduce the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens already resident in the GIT, and reduce the availability, carcinogenicity, or toxicity of noxious chemicals. The mucosa of the GIT is a second, multilayered line of defense that includes the mucous and other secretions, the epithelial cells, and immune-associated cells scattered within and under the epithelium. The final line of defense contends with pathogens or noxious chemicals that transcend the mucosal barrier and enter the host and consists of the innate and acquired components of the systemic immune system and the xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. The lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) are considered to be immunomodulatory and directly or indirectly influence the GIT and systemic defense functions. Corresponding with this, supplementing the diet with inulin, oligofructose, or other nondigestible oligosaccharides that increase the densities and metabolic capacities of the LAB enhances defense mechanisms of the host, increases resistance to various health challenges, and accelerates recovery of the GIT after disturbances.
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Kimura Y, Nagata Y, Buddington RK. Diets supplemented with fiber do not increase accumulation of 1-naphthol. Nutr Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The prebiotics concept, which was launched in 1995, concerns nondigested and selectively fermented carbohydrate food ingredients. It was thought that their effect in the colon could reduce risk for disease. The prebiotic concept is revisited and possible mechanisms are proposed. The physiologic consequences of prebiotic consumption are evaluated in terms of potential to reduce risk for disease. This is a compilation of several research papers, each of which complied with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. METHODS For human dietary intervention trials, the aim was to perform double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studies. A parallel design was used only for long-term studies. Most research has been done with beta(2-1) fructans, so they are used as an example of prebiotics here. RESULTS The results are relevant to the fields of gut function, lipid metabolism, mineral absorption, bone formation, immunology, and cancer. CONCLUSION It is observed that modification of intestinal flora by inherently selectively fermented prebiotics is central in determining their nutritional properties. They interact positively through the large intestinal surface with various physiologic processes and are thought to improve health status by reducing risk for disease (markers).
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Kimura Y, Nagata Y, Buddington RK. Some dietary fibers increase elimination of orally administered polychlorinated biphenyls but not that of retinol in mice. J Nutr 2004; 134:135-42. [PMID: 14704306 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber supplementation can increase the size and nutrient absorption capacities of the small intestine in some mammals, but does this increase the risk of accumulating environmental contaminants? This study addressed this question by feeding mice diets containing various types of fiber at 0 or 100 g/kg (cellulose, lactosucrose, polydextrose, indigestible dextrin, soy polysaccharide, rice bran and chitosan) for 10 wk. During the final 2 wk, the mice were fed retinol and a dose of Arochlor 1254 [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)] estimated to be 5% of the median lethal dose. Accumulation was determined using whole blood samples collected on days 1, 3 and 7 as well as eight tissues (whole blood, small and large intestine, liver, gall bladder, mesentery, kidney and brain). Elimination of Arochlor 1254 and retinol was determined using daily collections of feces and urine. The patterns of accumulation and elimination differed between Arochlor 1254 and retinol, among tissues, and among mice fed diets with various amounts and types of fiber. Dietary fiber supplementation did not decrease accumulation of PCB. However, the diet with chitosan increased fecal excretion of Arochlor 1254 compared to the fiber-free diet (P<0.05). The diets with fermentable fiber (polydextrose, indigestible dextrin and soy polysaccharides) increased urinary excretion of PCB compared to the diets with water-insoluble fiber (cellulose, rice bran and chitosan; P<0.05). The most efficacious diets for minimizing accumulation of environmental contaminants and accelerating elimination likely include a combination of soluble and insoluble fiber, but the specific types, proportions and amounts remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe postnatal changes in the populations of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of dogs. ANIMALS 110 Beagles ranging from neonatal to adult dogs. PROCEDURE Contents of the stomach and proximal and distal portions of the colon and contents and mucosa of the mid region of the small intestine were collected from puppies at 1 day after birth and subsequent suckling; puppies at 21, 42, and 63 days after birth; and adult female dogs (ie, dams of the puppies) for enumeration of bacterial populations. RESULTS The entire GIT was colonized at day 1 by all groups of bacteria studied; aerotolerant forms were dominant. During subsequent postnatal development, there were changes in the relative proportions of the various groups of bacteria with anaerobic groups increasing in absolute and relative numbers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Establishment of bacterial populations in the GIT of dogs is a gradual process that begins immediately after birth. Age-related changes in the relative proportions of bacterial groups coincided with changes in diet and physiologic processes of the host and can influence nutritional state and disease resistance of developing dogs. Differences among regions of the GIT suggest that fecal samples may have limited use for understanding the populations of bacteria and the age and diet-related changes in various regions of the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal K Buddington
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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