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Pan X, Dutta D, Lu S, Bellen HJ. Sphingolipids in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1137893. [PMID: 36875645 PMCID: PMC9978793 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1137893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDDs) are a group of disorders that cause progressive deficits of neuronal function. Recent evidence argues that sphingolipid metabolism is affected in a surprisingly broad set of NDDs. These include some lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), hereditary sensory and autonomous neuropathy (HSAN), hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), as well as some forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Many of these diseases have been modeled in Drosophila melanogaster and are associated with elevated levels of ceramides. Similar changes have also been reported in vertebrate cells and mouse models. Here, we summarize studies using fly models and/or patient samples which demonstrate the nature of the defects in sphingolipid metabolism, the organelles that are implicated, the cell types that are initially affected, and potential therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Gray N, Limberg MM, Wiebe D, Weihrauch T, Langner A, Brandt N, Bräuer AU, Raap U. Differential Upregulation and Functional Activity of S1PR1 in Human Peripheral Blood Basophils of Atopic Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16117. [PMID: 36555755 PMCID: PMC9785255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils are key effector cells in atopic diseases, and the signaling sphingolipid Sphigosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as an important mediator in these conditions. The possible interaction of S1P and basophils and the resulting biological effects have not yet been studied. We hypothesize that S1P influences the function of basophils in atopy and aim to elucidate the modes of interaction. S1P receptor (S1PR) expression in human peripheral blood basophils from atopic and non-atopic patients was assessed through qRT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. Functional effects of S1P were assessed through a basophil activation test (BAT), calcium flux, apoptosis, and chemotaxis assays. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to visualize intracellular S1P. Human basophils express S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR3, and S1PR4 on the mRNA level. 0.1 µM S1P have anti-apoptotic, while 10 µM exhibits apoptotic effects on basophils. Basophils from atopic patients show less chemotactic activity in response to S1P than those from healthy donors. Protein expression of S1PR1 is downregulated in atopic patients, and basophils in lesional AD skin possess intracellular S1P. These findings suggest that the interaction of S1P and basophils might be an important factor in the pathophysiology of atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gray
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Maren M. Limberg
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Wiebe
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Weihrauch
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anna Langner
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Brandt
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anja U. Bräuer
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
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Sattar RSA, Sumi MP, Nimisha, Apurva, Kumar A, Sharma AK, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS. S1P signaling, its interactions and cross-talks with other partners and therapeutic importance in colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110080. [PMID: 34245863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) plays an important role in normal physiology, inflammation, initiation and progression of cancer. Deregulation of S1P signaling causes aberrant proliferation, affects survival, leads to angiogenesis and metastasis. Sphingolipid rheostat is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Discrepancy in sphingolipid metabolism is linked to cancer and drug insensitivity. Owing to these diverse functions and being a potent mediator of tumor growth, S1P signaling might be a suitable candidate for anti-tumor therapy or combination therapy. In this review, with a focus on colorectal cancer we have summarized the interacting partners of S1P signaling pathway, its therapeutic approaches along with the contribution of S1P signaling to various cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Mamta P Sumi
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ejaj Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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Rhee JE, Choi JH, Park JH, Lee G, Pak B, Kwon SH, Jeon SH. CG11426 gene product negatively regulates glial population size in the Drosophila eye imaginal disc. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:805-816. [PMID: 34047015 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells play essential roles in the nervous system. Although glial populations are tightly regulated, the mechanisms regulating the population size remain poorly understood. Since Drosophila glial cells are similar to the human counterparts in their functions and shapes, rendering them an excellent model system to understand the human glia biology. Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are important for regulating bioactive lipids. In Drosophila, there are three known LPP-encoding genes: wunen, wunen-2, and lazaro. The wunens are important for germ cell migration and survival and septate junction formation during tracheal development. Lazaro is involved in phototransduction. In the present study, we characterized a novel Drosophila LPP-encoding gene, CG11426. Suppression of CG11426 increased glial cell number in the eye imaginal disc during larval development, while ectopic CG11426 expression decreased it. Both types of mutation also caused defects in axon projection to the optic lobe in larval eye-brain complexes. Moreover, CG11426 promoted apoptosis via inhibiting ERK signaling in the eye imaginal disc. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that CG11426 gene product negatively regulates ERK signaling to promote apoptosis for proper maintenance of the glial population in the developing eye disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Rhee
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae H Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Neuronet Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gyunghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Neuronet Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Banya Pak
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Jeon
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ruiz M, Okada H, Dahlbäck B. HDL-associated ApoM is anti-apoptotic by delivering sphingosine 1-phosphate to S1P1 & S1P3 receptors on vascular endothelium. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:36. [PMID: 28179022 PMCID: PMC5299634 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) attenuates endothelial cell apoptosis induced by different cell-death stimuli such as oxidation or growth factor deprivation. HDL is the main plasma carrier of the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which it is a signaling molecule that promotes cell survival in response to several apoptotic stimuli. In HDL, S1P is bound to Apolipoprotein M (ApoM), a Lipocalin that is only present in around 5% of the HDL particles. The goal of this study is to characterize ApoM-bound S1P role in endothelial apoptosis protection and the signaling pathways involved. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultures were switched to serum/grow factor deprivation medium to induce apoptosis and the effect caused by the addition of ApoM and S1P analyzed. Results The addition of HDL+ApoM or recombinant ApoM-bound S1P promoted cell viability and blocked apoptosis, whereas HDL-ApoM had no protective effect. Remarkably, S1P exerted a more potent anti-apoptotic effect when carried by ApoM as compared to albumin, or when added as free molecule. Mechanistically, cooperation between S1P1 and S1P3 was required for the HDL/ApoM/S1P-mediated anti-apoptotic ability. Furthermore, AKT and ERK phosphorylation was also necessary to achieve the anti-apoptotic effect of the HDL/ApoM/S1P complex. Conclusions Altogether, our results indicate that ApoM and S1P are key elements of the anti-apoptotic activity of HDL and promote optimal endothelial function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0429-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ruiz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Wallenberg Laboratory, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 53, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Hiromi Okada
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Dahlbäck
- Department of Translational Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Kang Y, Nagaraja AS, Armaiz-Pena GN, Dorniak PL, Hu W, Rupaimoole R, Liu T, Gharpure KM, Previs RA, Hansen JM, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Ivan C, Ram P, Sehgal V, Lopez-Berestein G, Lutgendorf SK, Cole SW, Sood AK. Adrenergic Stimulation of DUSP1 Impairs Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1713-24. [PMID: 26581245 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic adrenergic activation has been shown to associate with adverse clinical outcomes in cancer patients, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The focus of the current study was to determine the functional and biologic effects of adrenergic pathways on response to chemotherapy in the context of ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Increased DUSP1 production by sympathetic nervous system mediators (e.g., norepinephrine) was analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and by Western blotting. In vitro chemotherapy-induced cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. For in vivo therapy, a well-characterized model of chronic stress was used. RESULTS Catecholamines significantly inhibited paclitaxel- and cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Genomic analyses of cells treated with norepinephrine identified DUSP1 as a potential mediator. DUSP1 overexpression resulted in reduced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells compared with control; conversely, DUSP1 gene silencing resulted in increased apoptosis compared with control cells. DUSP1 gene silencing in vivo significantly enhanced response to paclitaxel and increased apoptosis. In vitro analyses indicated that norepinephrine-induced DUSP1 gene expression was mediated through ADRB2 activation of cAMP-PLC-PKC-CREB signaling, which inhibits JNK-mediated phosphorylation of c-Jun and protects ovarian cancer cells from apoptosis. Moreover, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data showed that increased DUSP1 expression was associated with decreased overall (P= 0.049) and progression-free (P= 0.0005) survival. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a new understanding of the mechanisms by which adrenergic pathways can impair response to chemotherapy and have implications for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China. Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Piotr L Dorniak
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kshipra M Gharpure
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca A Previs
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jean M Hansen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prahlad Ram
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vasudha Sehgal
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Departments of Psychology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Urology and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Steven W Cole
- Department of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, UCLA Molecular Biology Institute, and Norman Cousins Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate protects intestinal epithelial cells from apoptosis through the Akt signaling pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:499-510. [PMID: 18654850 PMCID: PMC2696985 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The regulation of apoptosis of intestinal mucosal cells is important in maintenance of normal intestinal physiology. SUMMARY Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to play a critical role in cellular protection to otherwise lethal stimuli in several nonintestinal tissues. METHODS The current study determines whether S1P protected normal intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from apoptosis and whether Akt activation was the central pathway for this effect. RESULTS S1P demonstrated significantly reduced levels of apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)/cycloheximide (CHX). S1P induced increased levels of phosphorylated Akt and increased Akt activity, but did not affect total amounts of Akt. This activation of Akt was associated with decreased levels of both caspase-3 protein levels and of caspase-3 activity. Inactivation of Akt by treatment with the PI3K chemical inhibitor LY294002 or by overexpression of the dominant negative mutant of Akt (DNMAkt) prevented the protective effect of S1P on apoptosis. Additionally, silencing of the S1P-1 receptor by specific siRNA demonstrated a lesser decrease in apoptosis to S1P exposure. CONCLUSION These results indicate that S1P protects intestinal epithelial cells from apoptosis via an Akt-dependent pathway.
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Whetzel AM, Bolick DT, Hedrick CC. Sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibits high glucose-mediated ERK1/2 action in endothelium through induction of MAP kinase phosphatase-3. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 296:C339-45. [PMID: 19091959 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial activation is a key early event in vascular complications of Type 1 diabetes. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a well-characterized model of Type 1 diabetes. We previously reported that Type 1 diabetic NOD mice have increased endothelial activation, with increased production of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and IL-6, and a 30% increase of surface VCAM-1 expression leading to a fourfold increase in monocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) prevents monocyte:endothelial interactions in these diabetic NOD mice. Incubation of diabetic NOD endothelial cells (EC) with S1P (100 nmol/l) reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation by 90%, with no significant changes in total ERK1/2 protein. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of S1P action on ERK1/2 to reduce activation of diabetic endothelium. S1P caused a significant threefold increase in mitogen-activated kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) expression in EC. MKP-3 selectively regulates ERK1/2 activity through dephosphorylation. Incubation of diabetic NOD EC with S1P and the S1P(1)-selective agonist SEW2871 significantly increased expression of MKP-3 and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, while incubation with the S1P(1)/S1P(3) antagonist VPC23019 decreased the expression of MKP-3, both results supporting a role for S1P(1) in MKP-3 regulation. To mimic the S1P-mediated induction of MKP-3 diabetic NOD EC, we overexpressed MKP-3 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) cultured in elevated glucose (25 mmol/l). Overexpression of MKP-3 in glucose-cultured HAEC decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and resulted in decreased monocyte:endothelial interactions in a static monocyte adhesion assay. Finally, we used small interfering RNA to MKP-3 and observed increased monocyte adhesion. Moreover, S1P was unable to inhibit monocyte adhesion in the absence of MKP-3. Thus, one mechanism for the anti-inflammatory action of S1P in diabetic EC is inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation through induction of MKP-3 expression via the S1P-S1P(1) receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Whetzel
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Univ. of Virginia, P. O. Box 801394, 415 Lane Rd., MR5 Rm. G123, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Herzinger T, Kleuser B, Schäfer-Korting M, Korting HC. Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling and the skin. Am J Clin Dermatol 2008; 8:329-36. [PMID: 18039015 DOI: 10.2165/00128071-200708060-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids have long been viewed as rather passive structural components of cellular membranes. More recently, it has become evident that metabolism of sphingomyelin yields several lipid mediators that evoke diverse and specific responses in different cell types. One sphingomyelin derivate, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), has attracted particular attention for its effect on epidermal cells, which differs from those on most other cell types. S1P inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and induces keratinocyte differentiation and migration, suggesting a role for S1P in the re-epithelialization of wounds. The migratory response involves the phosphorylation and activation of Smad3. In epithelial tumors, S1P signaling has been linked with potential oncogenic effects, but has also been found to inhibit metastasis in a mouse melanoma model. S1P promotes endothelial cell survival, acts as a chemoattractant for vascular cells, and exerts a protective effect on the endothelial barrier. Conversely, S1P receptor knockout leads to embryonic lethality mainly due to impaired vascular maturation. S1P presumably modulates peripheral T-lymphocyte levels by stimulating their egress from lymphoid organs rather than by promoting T-cell proliferation. The S1P analog FTY720 (fingolimod) acts as a functional antagonist by inhibiting lymphocyte egress, and thus holds great promise as an immunosuppressant drug for the prevention of allograft rejection and treatment of T-lymphocyte-driven inflammatory skin diseases, such as lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. Topical use of S1P and other sphingosine compounds is also under investigation, particularly for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Herzinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany.
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DeKroon R, Robinette JB, Hjelmeland AB, Wiggins E, Blackwell M, Mihovilovic M, Fujii M, York J, Hart J, Kontos C, Rich J, Strittmatter WJ. APOE4-VLDL inhibits the HDL-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt Pathway via the phosphoinositol phosphatase SHIP2. Circ Res 2006; 99:829-36. [PMID: 16973905 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000245479.03190.9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis are critical in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both endothelial cell apoptosis and atherosclerosis are reduced by high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Low HDL levels increase the risk of CVD and are also a key characteristic of the metabolic syndrome. The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele also increases the risk of atherosclerosis and CVD. We previously demonstrated that the antiapoptotic activity of HDL is inhibited by APOE4 very-low-density lipoprotein (APOE4-VLDL) in endothelial cells, an effect similar to reducing the levels of HDL. Here we establish the intracellular mechanism by which APOE4-VLDL inhibits the antiapoptotic pathway activated by HDL. We show that APOE4-VLDL diminishes the phosphorylation of Akt by HDL but does not alter phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, or Src family kinases by HDL. Furthermore APOE4-VLDL inhibits Akt phosphorylation by reducing the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase product phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate (PI[3,4,5]P3). We further demonstrate that APOE4-VLDL reduces PI(3,4,5)P3, through the phosphoinositol phosphatase SHIP2, and not through PTEN. SHIP2 is already implicated as an independent risk factor for type II diabetes, hypertension and obesity, which are also all components of the metabolic syndrome and independent risk factors for CVD. Significantly, the association between CVD and type 2 diabetes or hypertension is further increased by the APOE4 allele. Therefore the activation of SHIP2 by APOE4-VLDL, with the subsequent inhibition of the HDL/Akt pathway, is a novel and significant biological mechanism and may be a critical intermediate by which APOE4 increases the risk of atherosclerotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert DeKroon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Ozbay T, Rowan A, Leon A, Patel P, Sewer MB. Cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-dependent sphingosine-1-phosphate biosynthesis induces human CYP17 gene transcription by activating cleavage of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1. Endocrinology 2006; 147:1427-37. [PMID: 16306078 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the human adrenal cortex, ACTH activates steroid hormone biosynthesis by acutely increasing cholesterol delivery to the mitochondrion and chronically increasing the transcription of steroidogenic genes (including CYP17) via a cAMP-dependent pathway. In the present study, we characterized the role of sphingolipids in ACTH-dependent steroidogenesis. H295R human adrenocortical cells were treated with ACTH or dibutyryl cAMP (Bt2cAMP) and the content of several sphingolipid species quantified by mass spectrometry. Both ACTH and Bt2cAMP decreased cellular amounts of several sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin, ceramides, and sphingosine and stimulating the activity of sphingosine kinase and increasing the release of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) into the media. S1P increased CYP17 mRNA expression by promoting the cleavage and nuclear localization of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Bt2cAMP and S1P increased acetylation of histone H3 and promoted binding of SREBP1 to the -520/-331 region of the CYP17 promoter. In summary, our studies demonstrate a role for sphingolipid metabolism and SREBP1 in ACTH-dependent CYP17 regulation and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ozbay
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, USA
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Lindner K, Uhlig U, Uhlig S. Ceramide alters endothelial cell permeability by a nonapoptotic mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 145:132-40. [PMID: 15735657 PMCID: PMC1576124 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a lipid second messenger that was recently identified as mediator of pulmonary edema in vivo. Here, we investigated the effect of ceramide on the permeability of confluent endothelial cell monolayers. In monolayers of bovine pulmonary artery and human microvascular pulmonary endothelial cells, incubation with C6-ceramide for 3 h elevated permeability in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas dihydroceramide was without effect. After 3 h of incubation with ceramide, we found no signs of necrosis (release of lactate dehydrogenase, loss of thiazylyl blue reduction) or apoptosis (ssDNA, caspase-8 activity). The increased endothelial permeability in response to ceramide was attenuated by the Ser/Thr protein kinase inhibitors K252a, K252b and H-7, as well as by the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C inhibitor L108. Since in some systems sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts antagonistic to ceramide, the effect of S1P was studied. S1P transiently increased endothelial cell resistance, whether it was given together with ceramide or 90 min thereafter. These data provide a novel example of the antagonism between S1P and ceramide. Our findings further suggest that ceramide alters vascular permeability by activation of pathways dependent on unidentified phospholipase C and Ser/Thr kinase isoenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Lindner
- Division Pulmonary Pharmacology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
| | - Ulrike Uhlig
- Division Pulmonary Pharmacology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
| | - Stefan Uhlig
- Division Pulmonary Pharmacology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 22, Borstel D-23845, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
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Choi YJ, Jeong YJ, Lee YJ, Kwon HM, Kang YH. (-)Epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin enhance survival signaling in response to oxidant-induced human endothelial apoptosis. J Nutr 2005; 135:707-13. [PMID: 15795422 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.4.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported recently that (-)epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis through modulation of the expression of apoptosis-related Bcl-2 and Bax in endothelial cells. This study attempted to identify possible regulatory sites and mechanisms of antiapoptotic flavonoids, focusing on ROS-mediated signaling in HUVEC. The effects of apigenin on the signaling pathway downstream were compared. Submillimolar H2O2 caused >30% cell killing with intracellular oxidant generation. H2O2-induced oxidant generation markedly decreased total intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. Micromolar (-)epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin partially eliminated the dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) and phospho-p53 staining, suggesting that these flavonoids inhibited the accumulation of intracellular oxidants and nuclear transactivation of p53 in H2O2-exposed cells. In contrast, cells treated with apigenin remained DCF and phospho-p53 staining positive in response to H2O2. (-)Epigallocatechin gallate significantly raised the total GSH level that had been depleted by H2O2. Caspase-3 activity was enhanced by H2O2, and this increase was inhibited by (-)epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin. Additionally, the upregulation of caspase-3 activation was reversed by these flavonoids at > or =10 micromol/L; these inhibitory effects were dose dependent. Western blot data revealed that H2O2 upregulated phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which was rapidly reversed by quercetin within 30 min; H2O2 activation of c-Jun was downregulated. (-)Epigallocatechin gallate inhibited H2O2-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK after 60 min. These results reveal that quercetin blocks JNK- and p38 MAPK-related signaling triggered by the oxidant and may regulate expression of apoptotic downstream genes, preventing apoptosis and promoting cell survival. (-)Epigallocatechin gallate may function as an antiapoptotic agent through other antiapoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean-Jung Choi
- Division of Life Sciences and Silver Biotechnology Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Liu S, Yu S, Hasegawa Y, Lapushin R, Xu HJ, Woodgett JR, Mills GB, Fang X. Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta is a negative regulator of growth factor-induced activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:51075-81. [PMID: 15466414 PMCID: PMC5328675 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m408607200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/stress activated protein kinase is preferentially activated by stress stimuli. Growth factors, particularly ligands for G protein-coupled receptors, usually induce only modest JNK activation, although they may trigger marked activation of the related extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In the present study, we demonstrated that homozygous disruption of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) dramatically sensitized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to JNK activation induced by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate, two prototype ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. To a lesser degree, a lack of GSK-3beta also potentiated JNK activation in response to epidermal growth factor. In contrast, the absence of GSK-3beta decreased UV light-induced JNK activation. The increased JNK activation induced by LPA in GSK-3beta null MEFs was insufficient to trigger apoptotic cell death or growth inhibition. Instead, the increased JNK activation observed in GSK-3beta-/- MEFs was associated with an increased proliferative response to LPA, which was reduced by the inhibition of JNK. Ectopic expression of GSK-3beta in GSK-3beta-negative MEFs restrained LPA-triggered JNK phosphorylation and induced a concomitant decrease in the mitogenic response to LPA compatible with GSK-3beta through the inhibition of JNK activation, thus limiting LPA-induced cell proliferation. Mutation analysis indicated that GSK-3beta kinase activity was required for GSK-3beta to optimally inhibit LPA-stimulated JNK activation. Thus GSK-3beta serves as a physiological switch to specifically repress JNK activation in response to LPA, sphingosine-1-phosphate, or the epidermal growth factor. These results reveal a novel role for GSK-3beta in signal transduction and cellular responses to growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Liu
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Wu W, Chaudhuri S, Brickley DR, Pang D, Karrison T, Conzen SD. Microarray Analysis Reveals Glucocorticoid-Regulated Survival Genes That Are Associated With Inhibition of Apoptosis in Breast Epithelial Cells. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1757-64. [PMID: 14996737 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) results in diverse physiological effects depending on cell type. For example, glucocorticoids (GC) cause apoptosis in lymphocytes but can rescue mammary epithelial cells from growth factor withdrawal-induced death. However, the molecular mechanisms of GR-mediated survival remain poorly understood. In this study, a large-scale oligonucleotide screen of GR-regulated genes was performed. Several of the genes that were found to be induced 30 min after GR activation encode proteins that function in cell survival signaling pathways. We also demonstrate that dexamethasone pretreatment of breast cancer cell lines inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in a GR-dependent manner and is associated with the transcriptional induction of at least two genes identified in our screen, serum and GC-inducible protein kinase-1 (SGK-1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). Furthermore, GC treatment alone or GC treatment followed by chemotherapy increases both SGK-1 and MKP-1 steady-state protein levels. In the absence of GC treatment, ectopic expression of SGK-1 or MKP-1 inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, suggesting a possible role for these proteins in GR-mediated survival. Moreover, specific inhibition of SGK-1 or MKP-1 induction by the introduction of SGK-1- or MKP-1-small interfering RNA reversed the anti-apoptotic effects of GC treatment. Taken together, these data suggest that GR activation in breast cancer cells regulates survival signaling through direct transactivation of genes that encode proteins that decrease susceptibility to apoptosis. Given the widespread clinical administration of dexamethasone before chemotherapy, understanding GR-induced survival mechanisms is essential for achieving optimal therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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