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Gomes RAMP, Catarino L, Santos AL. The Role of Fe, S, P, Ca, and Sr in Porous Skeletal Lesions: A Study on Non-adult Individuals Using pXRF. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04187-4. [PMID: 38691307 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Portable X-ray fluorescence is a new tool in the study of human bone. This research aims to investigate if variations in bone elemental concentrations are related with porous skeletal lesions (PSLs). One hundred well-preserved non-adult skeletons aged 0-11 years were selected from the archaeological site Convent of São Domingos, Lisbon (18th-19th century). Measuring a standard reference material and calculating the technical error of measurement assured elemental data reliability. Moreover, measuring soil samples excluded possible contamination of bones with elements from the soil, except for Pb. Additionally, the Ca/P ratio indicates maintenance of bone integrity. Cribra cranii, orbitalia, humeralis, and femoralis were recorded as present/absent, and the estimated intra-/inter-observer errors were low. The multivariate analysis found higher odds of having cribra orbitalia (OR = 1.76; CI = 0.97-3.20) and cribra femoralis (OR = 1.42; CI = 0.73-2.74) in individuals with lower Fe and higher S. Furthermore, higher levels of P, Ca, and Sr increased the odds of individuals developing cribra femoralis (OR = 2.30; CI = 1.23-4.29). Age also correlated with increased odds of exhibiting cribra orbitalia (OR = 1.86; CI = 0.94-3.68), cribra femoralis (OR = 6.97; CI = 2.78-17.45), and cribra humeralis (OR = 8.32; CI = 2.71-25.60). These findings suggest a shared etiology for these three cribras, contrasting with the higher Fe levels in individuals with cribra cranii. Lower Fe and higher S levels in individuals with cribra suggest a complex etiology, possibly involving conditions like megaloblastic or chronic disease anemia(s). Age-related elemental changes support the hypothesis that age influences cribra frequencies. This study highlights PSL complexity and opens new avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A M P Gomes
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Do Arco da Traição, 3000-056, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Carrera de Antropologia, University of Concepción, Barrio Universitário S/N, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Lidia Catarino
- Geosciences Center, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima - Pólo II, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Santos
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Do Arco da Traição, 3000-056, Coimbra, Portugal
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Guzelcicek A, Bayraktar N, Bayraktar M. Amino Acids Profile in Children with Acute Brucellosis. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:188-193. [PMID: 36380403 DOI: 10.2174/1573396319666221114093653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many new cases of brucella infections are seen in Turkey every year, especially in March, April, and May, due to the consumption of local unpasteurized cheese. Amino acids profiles have not been studied in brucellosis so far. AIMS The amino acid profiles may be affected by infectious diseases. Our study aims to evaluate the plasma amino acid profile in the progression of acute brucellosis. METHODS Plasma amino acid profile was performed by an 8045 LC-MS / MS device (Shimadzu 8045, Japan) using JASEM amino acid kit. RESULTS Analysis of 45 amino acid profiles was made and results profiles showed significant differences in concentrations and types of amino acids in brucella patients. We observed a significant difference in terms of alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, alpha-aminoadipic acid, alpha-amino-pimelic acid, argininosuccinic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, thiaproline, 1-methylhistidine, 3-methylhistidine, hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, cystine, serotonin, ethanolamine, and taurine (p-value < 0.05 for each). No significant differences were determined regarding asparagine, citrulline, histidine, leucine, alloisoleucine, lysine, methionine, serine, threonine, tryptophan, anserine, alpha aminobutyric acid, beta aminoisobutyric acid, beta-alanine, cystathionine, histamine, and 5-oh-trp (p-value > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Patients with brucellosis have a specific profile of amino acids which may reflect sequelae of pathological and metabolic biochemical changes in the disease process due to the growth of Brucella spp. in the human body leading to an imbalance of amino acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Guzelcicek
- Department of Pediatrics, Harran University, Medical School, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Nihayet Bayraktar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Harran University, Medical School, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bayraktar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Harran University, Medical School, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Chen S, Wang H, Hu N. Long-Term Dietary Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Anthocyanins Intake Alleviated Oxidative Stress-Mediated Aging-Related Liver Injury and Abnormal Amino Acid Metabolism. Foods 2022; 11:3377. [PMID: 36359989 PMCID: PMC9658481 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the relationship between Lycium ruthenicum Murr. anthocyanins (LRA) and health has attracted increasing attention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-aging effect and mechanism of LRA through a D-galactose (DG)-induced aging rat model. Our results showed that the long-term intake of LRA, for 8 weeks, improved motor function, reduced serum aging markers, promoted the endogenous antioxidant system, and suppressed the serum inflammatory cytokines in aging rats. Besides, the LRA treatment alleviated DG-induced liver injuries by relieving the inflammation and inhibiting Fas/FasL-mediated cell death. More importantly, the abnormal serum metabolome profiles of the aging rats were restored by the LRA, relating to 38 metabolites and 44 pathways. Specifically, the LRA significantly affected the amino acid and protein-related metabolic pathways by regulating the levels of L-threonine, L-aspartic acid, glycine, L-histidine, D-homocysteine, L-homocitrulline, L-homoserine, guanidineacetic acid, and kynurenine. These results have important implications for the development of LRA as an anti-aging and liver-protective ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Chen
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China
- Huzhou China-Science Innovation Centre of Plateau Biology, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Na Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810008, China
- Huzhou China-Science Innovation Centre of Plateau Biology, Huzhou 313000, China
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Ascenção K, Szabo C. Emerging roles of cystathionine β-synthase in various forms of cancer. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102331. [PMID: 35618601 PMCID: PMC9168780 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the reverse transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is markedly increased in many forms of cancer, including colorectal, ovarian, lung, breast and kidney, while in other cancers (liver cancer and glioma) it becomes downregulated. According to the clinical database data in high-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. colon or ovarian cancer), high CBS expression typically predicts lower survival, while in the low-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. liver cancer), low CBS expression is associated with lower survival. In the high-CBS expressing tumor cells, CBS, and its product hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as a bioenergetic, proliferative, cytoprotective and stemness factor; it also supports angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the cancer microenvironment. The current article reviews the various tumor-cell-supporting roles of the CBS/H2S axis in high-CBS expressor cancers and overviews the anticancer effects of CBS silencing and pharmacological CBS inhibition in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo; it also outlines potential approaches for biomarker identification, to support future targeted cancer therapies based on pharmacological CBS inhibition.
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Schmitt J, Wurm M, Schwab KO, Spiekerkoetter U, Hannibal L, Grünert SC. Glycogen storage disease type I patients with hyperlipidemia have no signs of early vascular dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3384-3392. [PMID: 34627694 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) is associated with hyperlipidemia, a known risk factor for premature atherosclerosis. Few studies have addressed endothelial dysfunction in patients with GSD I, and these studies yielded controversial results. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated vascular dysfunction in a cohort of 32 patients with GSD I (26 GSD Ia, 6 GSD Ib, mean age 20.7 (4.8-47.5) years) compared to 32 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched healthy controls using non-invasive techniques such as quantification of carotid intima media thickness, retinal vessel analysis and 24 h-blood pressure measurements. In addition, early biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative endothelial stress were assessed in blood. Although GSD I patients had a clearly proatherogenic lipid profile, increased oxidative stress, higher levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and increased lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 activity, functional and structural parameters including carotid intima media thickness and retinal vessel diameters did not indicate premature atherosclerosis in this patient cohort. Blood pressure values and pulse wave velocity were comparable in patients and healthy controls, while central blood pressure and augmentation index were higher in GSD patients. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that GSD I is not associated with early vascular dysfunction up to the age of at least 20 years. Further studies are needed to elucidate the possibly protective mechanisms that prevent early atherosclerosis is GSD I. Longer follow-up studies are required to assess the long-term risk of vascular disease with increased oxidative stress being present in GSD I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schmitt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wurm
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Hedwigs Campus, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, 93049 Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Otfried Schwab
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Cobalamin and folate status in women during early pregnancy in Bhaktapur, Nepal. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e57. [PMID: 34422259 PMCID: PMC8358842 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate is increased during pregnancy, and deficiency during pregnancy may lead to complications and adverse outcomes. Yet, the status of these micronutrients is unknown in many populations. We assessed the concentration of cobalamin, folate and their functional biomarkers, total homocysteine (tHcy) and methylmalonic acid (MMA), in 561 pregnant women enrolled in a community-based randomised controlled trial in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Plasma concentrations of cobalamin, folate, tHcy and MMA were measured and a combined indicator of vitamin B12 status (3cB12) was calculated. We report mean or median concentrations and the prevalence of deficiency according to commonly used cut-offs, and assessed their association with indicators of socio-economic status, and maternal and dietary characteristics by linear regression. Among the women at gestational week less than 15, deficiencies of cobalamin and folate were seen in 24 and 1 %, respectively. Being a vegetarian was associated with lower plasma cobalamin, and a higher socio-economic status was associated with a better micronutrient status. We conclude that cobalamin deficiency defined by commonly used cut-offs was common in Nepalese women in early pregnancy. In contrast, folate deficiency was rare. As there is no consensus on cut-off points for vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy, future studies are needed to assess the potential functional consequences of these low values.
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MacFarlane AJ. Hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with cardiovascular manifestations: to treat or not to treat. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1081-1082. [PMID: 33851207 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J MacFarlane
- Nutrition Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Verzola D, Picciotto D, Saio M, Aimasso F, Bruzzone F, Sukkar SG, Massarino F, Esposito P, Viazzi F, Garibotto G. Low Protein Diets and Plant-Based Low Protein Diets: Do They Meet Protein Requirements of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease? Nutrients 2020; 13:E83. [PMID: 33383799 PMCID: PMC7824653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A low protein diet (LPD) has historically been used to delay uremic symptoms and decrease nitrogen (N)-derived catabolic products in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years it has become evident that nutritional intervention is a necessary approach to prevent wasting and reduce CKD complications and disease progression. While a 0.6 g/kg, high biological value protein-based LPD has been used for years, recent observational studies suggest that plant-derived LPDs are a better approach to nutritional treatment of CKD. However, plant proteins are less anabolic than animal proteins and amino acids contained in plant proteins may be in part oxidized; thus, they may not completely be used for protein synthesis. In this review, we evaluate the role of LPDs and plant-based LPDs on maintaining skeletal muscle mass in patients with CKD and examine different nutritional approaches for improving the anabolic properties of plant proteins when used in protein-restricted diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Verzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
| | - Daniela Picciotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Saio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Aimasso
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy; (F.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Bruzzone
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy; (F.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Samir Giuseppe Sukkar
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy; (F.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Massarino
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy; (F.A.); (F.B.); (S.G.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
- Clinica Nefrologica, Dialisi, Trapianto, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16142 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (D.V.); (D.P.); (M.S.); (P.E.); (F.V.)
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