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Farooqui H, Anjum F, Lebeche D, Ali S. Boron Facilitates Amelioration of Hepatic Injury by the Osmolyte Glycine and Resolves Injury by Improving the Tissue Redox Homeostasis. J Diet Suppl 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38501915 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2024.2328340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Glycine is a conditional non-essential amino acid in human and other mammals. It is abundant in the liver and is known for a wide spectrum of characteristics including the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cryoprotective effects. The amino acid is a naturally occurring osmolyte compatible with protein surface interactions and has been reported in literature as a potent therapeutic immuno-nutrient for liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease. Oral glycine administration protects ethanol-induced liver injury, improves serum and tissue lipid profile, and alleviates hepatic injury in various conditions. In recent years, sodium salt of boron (borax) has been reported for its beneficial effects on cellular stress, including the effects on cell survival, immunity, and tissue redox state. Incidentally both glycine and boron prevent apoptosis and promote cell survival under stress. Objective: This study investigates the beneficial effect of borax on liver protection by glycine. Methods: Briefly, liver toxicity was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide (400 mg/kg b. wt.). Results: Significant changes in oxidative stress and liver function test parameters, the molybdenum Fe-S flavin hydroxylase activity, nitric oxide and tissue histopathology were observed in thioacetamide treated positive control group. The changes were ameliorated both by glycine as well as borax, but the combinatorial treatment yielded a better response indicating the impact of boron supplementation on glycine mediated protection of liver injury in experimental animal model. Conclusions: The study has clinical implications as the hepatotoxicity caused by thioacetamide mimics features of hepatitis C infection in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Farooqui
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The University of TN Health Science Centre, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shakir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Merrill AK, Sobolewski M, Susiarjo M. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals impacts immunological and metabolic status of women during pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112031. [PMID: 37506868 PMCID: PMC10592265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa K Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.
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3
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Czuba LC, Malhotra K, Enthoven L, Fay EE, Moreni SL, Mao J, Shi Y, Huang W, Totah RA, Isoherranen N, Hebert MF. CYP2D6 Activity Is Correlated with Changes in Plasma Concentrations of Taurocholic Acid during Pregnancy and Postpartum in CYP2D6 Extensive Metabolizers. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1474-1482. [PMID: 37550070 PMCID: PMC10586507 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is involved in the metabolism of >20% of marketed drugs. CYP2D6 expression and activity exhibit high interindividual variability and is induced during pregnancy. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a transcriptional regulator of CYP2D6 that is activated by bile acids. In pregnancy, elevated plasma bile acid concentrations are associated with maternal and fetal risks. However, modest changes in bile acid concentrations may occur during healthy pregnancy, thereby altering FXR signaling. A previous study demonstrated that hepatic tissue concentrations of bile acids positively correlated with the hepatic mRNA expression of CYP2D6. This study sought to characterize the plasma bile acid metabolome in healthy women (n = 47) during midpregnancy (25-28 weeks gestation) and ≥3 months postpartum and to determine if plasma bile acids correlate with CYP2D6 activity. It is hypothesized that during pregnancy, plasma bile acids would favor less hydrophobic bile acids (cholic acid vs. chenodeoxycholic acid) and that plasma concentrations of cholic acid and its conjugates would positively correlate with the urinary ratio of dextrorphan/dextromethorphan. At 25-28 weeks gestation, taurine-conjugated bile acids comprised 23% of the quantified serum bile acids compared with 7% ≥3 months postpartum. Taurocholic acid positively associated with the urinary ratio of dextrorphan/dextromethorphan, a biomarker of CYP2D6 activity. Collectively, these results confirm that the bile acid plasma metabolome differs between pregnancy and postpartum and provide evidence that taurocholic acid may impact CYP2D6 activity during pregnancy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Bile acid homeostasis is altered in pregnancy, and plasma concentrations of taurocholic acid positively correlate with CYP2D6 activity. Differences between plasma and/or tissue concentrations of farnesoid X receptor ligands such as bile acids may contribute to the high interindividual variability in CYP2D6 expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Czuba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karan Malhotra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Luke Enthoven
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Emily E Fay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sue L Moreni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennie Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Weize Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary F Hebert
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (L.C.C., W.H., N.I.), Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (K.M., L.E., M.F.H.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine (E.E.F., S.L.M., J.M., M.F.H.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (Y.S., R.A.T.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Duan W, Cheng M. Diagnostic value of serum neuroactive substances in the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with depression. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220693. [PMID: 37671095 PMCID: PMC10476482 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the potential diagnostic value of five serum neuroactive substances in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) complicated with depression. A total of 103 patients with AECOPD were enrolled between August 2020 and August 2021. All patients were assessed using a self-rating depression scale and divided into AECOPD with or without depression groups. Baseline data and serum neuroactive substance levels were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors. The diagnostic performance of neuroactive substances was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Patients with AECOPD complicated with depression exhibited higher partial pressure of CO2 values and higher chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) scores. An elevated proportion of patients with more than two acute exacerbations (AEs) in the previous year was observed in this patient group (all P < 0.001). The CAT score and number of AEs during the previous year were identified as independent risk factors for AECOPD complicated with depression. No significant differences were observed in the levels of aspartic acid and glutamate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Serum γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly) levels were decreased. In contrast, serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were increased in the AECOPD complicated with the depression group (P < 0.05). Serum GABA and Gly levels exhibited a negative correlation, and NO levels positively correlated with the number of AEs in the previous year and the CAT score. The area under the ROC curve values for GABA, Gly, and NO were 0.755, 0.695, and 0.724, respectively. Serum GABA exhibited a sensitivity of 85.1% and a specificity of 58.9%, below the cut-off value of 4855.98 nmol/L. Serum GABA, Gly, and NO may represent potential biomarkers for AECOPD complicated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengyu Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Kurdi C, Lelovics V, Hesszenberger D, Lajtai A, Lakatos Á, Herczeg R, Gödöny K, Mauchart P, Várnagy Á, Kovács GL, Kőszegi T. Amino Acid Profiling of Follicular Fluid in Assisted Reproduction Reveals Important Roles of Several Amino Acids in Patients with Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12458. [PMID: 37569834 PMCID: PMC10419978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) is increasing continuously, influencing metabolic parameters and fertility. The metabolic changes due to IR can alter the molecular composition of plasma and other body fluids. Follicular fluid (FF) is derived mainly from plasma, and it is a critical microenvironment for the developing oocytes. It contains various metabolites and amino acids, and the quality of the oocytes is linked at least partially to amino acid metabolism. Our goal was to quantitatively determine the amino acid (AA) profile of FF in IVF patients and to compare IR and non-insulin resistance (NIR) groups to investigate the AA changes in their FF. Using UHPLC-based methods, we quantified the main 20 amino acids from human FF samples in the IR and NIR groups. Several amino acids (aspartate, glycine, glutamate, and cysteine) differed significantly (p < 0.05 or less) between the two groups. The most significant alterations between the IR and NIR groups were related to the glutathione metabolic pathway involving glycine, serine, and threonine. Since insulin resistance alters the amino acid composition of the FF, the oocytes may undergo metabolism-induced changes resulting in poor oocyte quality and less fertility in the insulin resistance groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Kurdi
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.K.); (G.L.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary (A.L.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Vanessza Lelovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary (A.L.)
| | - Dávid Hesszenberger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary (A.L.)
| | - Anikó Lajtai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary (A.L.)
| | - Ágnes Lakatos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary (A.L.)
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.K.); (G.L.K.)
| | - Krisztina Gödöny
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Édesanyák útja 17, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mauchart
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Édesanyák útja 17, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ákos Várnagy
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Édesanyák útja 17, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor L. Kovács
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.K.); (G.L.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary (A.L.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (C.K.); (G.L.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 13, 7624 Pécs, Hungary (A.L.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francois Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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Is It Time to Reconsider the U.S. Recommendations for Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Intake? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040838. [PMID: 36839196 PMCID: PMC9963165 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the U.S. Institute of Medicine's recommendations on protein and amino acid intake in 2005, new information supports the need to re-evaluate these recommendations. New lines of evidence include: (1) re-analysis/re-interpretation of nitrogen balance data; (2) results from indicator amino acid oxidation studies; (3) studies of positive functional outcomes associated with protein intakes higher than recommended; (4) dietary guidance and protein recommendations from some professional nutrition societies; and (5) recognition that the synthesis of certain dispensable amino acids may be insufficient to meet physiological requirements more often than previously understood. The empirical estimates, theoretical calculations and clinical functional outcomes converge on a similar theme, that recommendations for intake of protein and some amino acids may be too low in several populations, including for older adults (≥65 years), pregnant and lactating women, and healthy children older than 3 years. Additional influential factors that should be considered are protein quality that meets operational sufficiency (adequate intake to support healthy functional outcomes), interactions between protein and energy intake, and functional roles of amino acids which could impact the pool of available amino acids for use in protein synthesis. Going forward, the definition of "adequacy" as it pertains to protein and amino acid intake recommendations must take into consideration these critical factors.
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Hosseini M, Iraji zad A, Vossoughi M, Hosseini M. L-lysine biodetector based on a TOCNFs-coated Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Foratori-Junior GA, Guennec AL, Fidalgo TKDS, Cleaver L, Buzalaf MAR, Carpenter GH, Sales-Peres SHDC. Metabolomic Profiles Associated with Obesity and Periodontitis during Pregnancy: Cross-Sectional Study with Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1H-NMR)-Based Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111029. [PMID: 36355112 PMCID: PMC9694155 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the metabolomic signature associated with obesity and periodontitis during pregnancy in plasma and saliva biofluids. Ninety-eight pregnant women were divided into: with obesity and periodontitis (OP = 20), with obesity but without periodontitis (OWP = 27), with normal BMI but with periodontitis (NP = 21), with normal BMI and without periodontitis (NWP = 30). Saliva and plasma were analyzed by 1H-NMR for metabolites identification. Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Sparse PLS-DA (sPLS-DA), and Variable Importance of Projection (VIP) were performed. ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation were applied (p < 0.05). Plasmatic analysis indicated the levels of glucose (p = 0.041) and phenylalanine (p = 0.015) were positively correlated with periodontal parameters and BMI, respectively. In saliva, periodontitis was mainly associated with high levels of acetic acid (p = 0.024), isovaleric acid, butyric acid, leucine, valine, isoleucine, and propionic acid (p < 0.001). High salivary concentrations of glycine (p = 0.015), succinic acid (p = 0.015), and lactate (p = 0.026) were associated with obesity. Saliva demonstrated a more elucidative difference than plasma, indicating the glucose-alanine cycle, alanine metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation, glutamate metabolism, and Warburg effect as the main metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Aparecido Foratori-Junior
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.-J.); (S.H.d.C.S.-P.)
| | - Adrien Le Guennec
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Leanne Cleaver
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | | | - Guy Howard Carpenter
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.-J.); (S.H.d.C.S.-P.)
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10
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1985-2001. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, the concept of dietary dispensable amino acids has been increasingly challenged, as more indirect and direct (experimental) evidence has pointed to the need for them in the diet during specific life stages or disease states. Here, we discuss the classification of amino acids, methods to assess the needs for dispensable amino acids with experimental evidence from our recent studies, and highlight the role of specific dispensable amino acids in metabolism and health. RECENT FINDINGS There exist differences among the dispensable amino acids to act as effective nitrogen sources in humans. Glycine, a dispensable amino acid is conditionally indispensable in later stages of human pregnancy. SUMMARY The so-called 'dispensable' amino acids are quantitatively nearly 75% of the daily protein needs in humans. In certain life-stages and diseases, there is a dietary demand for the dispensable amino acids. Future well-designed studies are required to identify the dietary demand for these amino acids, which will certainly be useful for dietary management in specific diseases and to maintain health across all life-stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine A Ennis
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
| | - Rajavel Elango
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, BC Children's Hospital
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital
- Department of Pediatrics
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Matthews DE. Can We Define Dietary Requirements of Dispensable Amino Acids? J Nutr 2021; 151:275-276. [PMID: 33326558 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dwight E Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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