1
|
Le Couteur DG, Raubenheimer D, Solon-Biet S, de Cabo R, Simpson SJ. Does diet influence aging? Evidence from animal studies. J Intern Med 2024; 295:400-415. [PMID: 35701180 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition profoundly influences the risk for many age-related diseases. Whether nutrition influences human aging biology directly is less clear. Studies in different animal species indicate that reducing food intake ("caloric restriction" [CR]) can increase lifespan and delay the onset of diseases and the biological hallmarks of aging. Obesity has been described as "accelerated aging" and therefore the lifespan and health benefits generated by CR in both aging and obesity may occur via similar mechanisms. Beyond calorie intake, studies based on nutritional geometry have shown that protein intake and the interaction between dietary protein and carbohydrates influence age-related health and lifespan. Studies where animals are calorically restricted by providing free access to diluted diets have had less impact on lifespan than those studies where animals are given a reduced aliquot of food each day and are fasting between meals. This has drawn attention to the role of fasting in health and aging, and exploration of the health effects of various fasting regimes. Although definitive human clinical trials of nutrition and aging would need to be unfeasibly long and unrealistically controlled, there is good evidence from animal experiments that some nutritional interventions based on CR, manipulating dietary macronutrients, and fasting can influence aging biology and lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samantha Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging (NIH), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carta G, Murru E, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Manca C, Mollica MP, Banni S. Reducing Dietary Polyunsaturated to Saturated Fatty Acids Ratio Improves Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4761. [PMID: 38004155 PMCID: PMC10674282 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of varying dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratios on insulin resistance (IR), fatty acid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine (NAE) bioactive metabolite levels, and mitochondrial function in lean and obese Zucker rats in a model designed to study obesity and IR from overnutrition. We provided diets with 7% fat (w/w), with either a low PUFA/SFA ratio of 0.48, predominantly comprising palmitic acid (PA), (diet-PA), or the standard AIN-93G diet with a high PUFA/SFA ratio of 3.66 (control, diet-C) over eight weeks. In obese rats on diet-PA versus diet-C, there were reductions in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin concentrations and improved muscle mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and increased muscle N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), a bioactive lipid that modulates lipid metabolism and metabolic flexibility. Elevated palmitic acid levels were found exclusively in obese rats, regardless of their diet, implying an endogenous production through de novo lipogenesis rather than from a dietary origin. In conclusion, a reduced dietary PUFA/SFA ratio positively influenced glucose and lipid metabolism without affecting long-term PA tissue concentrations. This likely occurs due to an increase in OEA biosynthesis, improving metabolic flexibility in obese rats. Our results hint at a pivotal role for balanced dietary PA in countering the effects of overnutrition-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (E.M.); (C.M.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee J, Purello C, Booth SL, Bennett B, Wiley CD, Korstanje R. Chow diet in mouse aging studies: nothing regular about it. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-023-00775-9. [PMID: 37079216 PMCID: PMC10400503 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chow diet is used in the majority of rodent studies and, although assumed to be standardized for dietary source and nutritional contents, it varies widely across commercial formulations. Similarly, current approaches to study aging in rodents involve a single-diet formulation across the lifespan and overlook age-specific nutritional requirements, which may have long-term effects on aging processes. Together, these nutrition-based disparities represent major gaps in geroscience research, affecting the interpretation and reproducibility of the studies. This perspective aims to raise awareness on the importance of rodent diet formulation and proposes that geroscientists include detailed descriptions of all experimental diets and feeding protocols. Detailed reporting of diets will enhance rigor and reproducibility of aging rodent studies and lead to more translational outcomes in geroscience research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lee
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Chloe Purello
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Bennett
- Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Wiley
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aguiar LM, Moura CSD, Ballard CR, Roquetto AR, Silva Maia JKD, Duarte GH, Costa LBED, Torsoni AS, Amaya-Farfan J, Maróstica Junior MR, Cazarin CBB. Metabolic dysfunctions promoted by AIN-93G standard diet compared with three obesity-inducing diets in C57BL/6J mice. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:436-444. [PMID: 36466151 PMCID: PMC9713253 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers from different fields have studied the causes of obesity and associated comorbidities, proposing ways to prevent and treat this condition by using a common animal model of obesity to create a profound energy imbalance in young adult rodents. However, to confirm the harmful effects of consuming a high-fat and hypercaloric diet, it is common to include normolipidic and normocaloric control groups in the experimental protocols. This study compared the effect of three experimental diets described in the literature - namely, a high-fat diet, a high-fat and high-sucrose diet, and a high-fat and high-fructose diet - to induce obesity in C57BL/6 J mice with the standard AIN-93G diet as a control. We hypothesize that the AIN diet formulation is not a good control in this type of experiment because this diet promotes weight gain and metabolic dysfunctions similar to the hypercaloric diet. The metabolic data of animals fed the AIN-93G diet were similar to those of the high-calorie groups (development of steatosis and hyperlipidemia). However, it is important to emphasize that the group fed a high-fat diet had a higher percentage of total fat (p = 0.0002) and abdominal fat (p = 0.013) compared to the other groups. Also, the high-fat group responded poorly to glucose and insulin tolerance tests, showing a picture of insulin resistance. As expected, the intake of the AIN-93G diet promotes metabolic alterations in the animals like the high-fat formulations. Therefore, although this diet continues to be used as the gold standard for growth and maintenance, it warrants a reassessment of its composition to minimize the metabolic changes observed in this study, thus updating its fitness as a normocaloric model of a standard rodent diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lais Marinho Aguiar
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Soares de Moura
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Reis Ballard
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Rissetti Roquetto
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kelly da Silva Maia
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Center for Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Av. Senador Salgado Filho 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H.B. Duarte
- University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josué de Castro, S/n - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bastos Eloy da Costa
- University of Campinas, School of Medical Science, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- University of Campinas, School of Applied Sciences, Rua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaime Amaya-Farfan
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário R. Maróstica Junior
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Baú Betim Cazarin
- University of Campinas, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Griffin LE, Radhakrishnan S, Pellizzon MA. Addition of Soluble Fiber in Low-Fat Purified Diets Maintains Cecal and Colonic Morphology, Modulates Bacterial Populations and Predicted Functions, and Improves Glucose Tolerance Compared with Traditional AIN Diets in Male Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac105. [PMID: 36204330 PMCID: PMC9529224 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Purified diets (PDs) contain refined ingredients with one main nutrient, allowing for greater control relative to grain-based diets (GBDs), which contain unrefined grains and animal byproducts. Traditional PDs like the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-76A (76A) and AIN-93G (93G) can negatively impact metabolic and gut health when fed long term, in part due to lower total fiber, no soluble fiber, and higher sucrose content. Objective Two studies were conducted to determine how PDs with reduced sucrose and increased fiber (soluble and insoluble) influence metabolic and gut health in mice compared with traditional AIN PDs or GBDs. Methods In study 1, C57Bl/6N mice (n = 75) consumed a GBD [LabDiet 5002 (5002)], 76A, 93G, or 2 PDs with reduced sucrose and higher fiber for 88 d. Body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed. In study 2, C57Bl/6N mice (n = 54) consumed either 2 GBDs (LabDiet 5001 or 5002) or PDs with different types/levels of fiber for 14 d. Microbiome alterations and predicted functional metagenomic changes were measured. Results The PD with 75 g cellulose and 25 g inulin per 4084 kcals marginally influenced body weight and adiposity, but improved glucose tolerance relative to 93G (P = 0.0131) and 76A (P = 0.0014). Cecal and colonic weights were lower in mice fed cellulose-based PDs compared with those fed GBDs and soluble-fiber PDs. Soluble-fiber PDs reduced alpha diversity and showed similar beta diversity, which differed from cellulose-based PDs and GBDs. Certain genera associated with improved gut health such as Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia were significantly elevated by soluble-fiber PDs (P ≤ 0.01). Metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism were affected by PDs. Conclusions PDs formulated with lower sucrose and increased fiber content, particularly soluble fiber, blunted elevations in metabolic parameters and favorably impacted the microbiota and metagenome in C57BL/6N mice.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sukreet S, Pereira Braga C, An TT, Adamec J, Cui J, Zempleni J. Ultrasonication of Milk Decreases the Content of Exosomes and MicroRNAs in an Exosome-Defined Rodent Diet. J Nutr 2022; 152:961-970. [PMID: 34982830 PMCID: PMC8970979 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk exosomes (BMEs) harbor regulatory proteins, lipids, and microRNAs. Consumption of an exosome- and RNA-depleted (ERD) diet elicited phenotypes compared with controls fed an exosome- and RNA-sufficient (ERS) diet in mice. All other ingredients were identical in the diets. ERD and ERS diets were prepared by substituting ultrasonicated and nonultrasonicated milk, respectively, for casein in the AIN-93G formulation. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ultrasonication of milk on exosome content and bioavailability, and cargo content. METHODS Bovine milk was ultrasonicated and exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation [ultrasonicated exosomes (USEs)]; controls were not ultrasonicated [nonultrasonicated exosomes (NSEs)]. Exosome count, size, and morphology were assessed using a nanoparticle tracker and electron microscopy. RNAs, lipids, and proteins were analyzed by RNA sequencing and MS. Intestinal transport, bioavailability, and distribution were measured by using fluorophore-labeled USEs and NSEs in Caco-2 cells, FHs 74 Int cells, and C57BL/6J mice (n = 3; age: 6-8 wk). RESULTS The exosome count was 76% ± 22% lower in USEs than in NSEs (P < 0.05). Ultrasonication caused a degradation of ≤100% of microRNAs. USEs and NSEs contained 145 and 332 unique lipid signatures, respectively (P < 0.05). We detected a total of 525 and 484 proteins in USEs and NSEs, respectively. The uptake of USEs decreased by 46% ± 30% and 40% ± 27% compared with NSEs in Caco-2 and FHs 74 Int cells, respectively (P < 0.05). The hepatic accumulation of USEs was 48% ± 28% lower than the accumulation of NSEs in mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonication of milk depletes bioavailable BMEs in studies of Caco-2 cells, FHs 74 Int cells, and C57BL/6J mice and causes a near-complete degradation of microRNA cargos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Sukreet
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Thuy T An
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jiri Adamec
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Juan Cui
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Smith AD, Chen C, Cheung L, Ward R, Hintze KJ, Dawson HD. Resistant Potato Starch Alters the Cecal Microbiome and Gene Expression in Mice Fed a Western Diet Based on NHANES Data. Front Nutr 2022; 9:782667. [PMID: 35392294 PMCID: PMC8983116 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.782667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate that the four major types of resistant starch (RS1-4) are fermented in the cecum and colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and can alter the microbiome and host physiology. However, nearly all these studies were conducted in rodents fed with a diet that does not approximate what is typically consumed by humans. To address this, mice were fed a Total Western Diet (TWD) based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data that mimics the macro and micronutrient composition of a typical American diet for 6 weeks and then supplemented with 0, 2, 5, or 10% of the RS2, resistant potato starch (RPS), for an additional 3 weeks. The cecal microbiome was analyzed by 16S sequencing. The alpha-diversity of the microbiome decreased with increasing consumption of RPS while a beta-diversity plot showed four discreet groupings based on the RPS level in the diet. The relative abundance of various genera was altered by feeding increasing levels of RPS. In particular, the genus Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group was markedly increased. Cecal, proximal, and distal colon tissue mRNA abundance was analyzed by RNASeq. The cecal mRNA abundance principal component analysis showed clear segregation of the four dietary groups whose separation decreased in the proximal and distal colon. Differential expression of the genes was highest in the cecum, but substantially decreased in the proximal colon (PC) and distal colon (DC). Most differentially expressed genes were unique to each tissue with little overlap in between. The pattern of the observed gene expression suggests that RPS, likely through metabolic changes secondary to differences in microbial composition, appears to prime the host to respond to a range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. In summary, consumption of dietary RPS led to significant changes to the microbiome and gene expression in the cecum and to a lesser extent in the proximal and distal colon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allen D. Smith
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Allen D. Smith
| | - Celine Chen
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Lumei Cheung
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Robert Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Korry J. Hintze
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Harry D. Dawson
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yajima Y, Okuno A, Nakamura I, Miyazaki T, Honda A, Toyoda A. Differential Effect of Non-Purified and Semi-Purified Standard Diets on Kynurenine and Peripheral Metabolites in Male C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469211066285. [PMID: 35002254 PMCID: PMC8733355 DOI: 10.1177/11786469211066285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine (Kyn) pathway plays crucial roles in several inflammation-induced disorders such as depression. In this study, we measured Kyn and other related molecules in the blood plasma, brain, and urine of male C57BL/6J mice (B6) fed non-purified (MF) and semi-purified (AIN-93G and AIN-93M) standard rodent diets. Mice fed MF had increased plasma Kyn levels compared with those on AIN93-based diets, as well as decreased hippocampal Kyn levels compared with those fed AIN-93G. Previous studies showed that branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) suppress peripheral blood Kyn transportation to the brain, but plasma BCAA levels were not significantly different between the diet groups in our study. Urine metabolome analysis revealed that feed ingredients affected the excretion of many metabolites, and MF-fed mice had elevated excretion of kynurenic and quinolinic acids, pivotal metabolites in the Kyn pathway. Collectively, the level of critical metabolites in the Kyn pathway in the central and peripheral tissues was strongly affected by feed ingredients. Therefore, feed selection is a critical factor to ensure the reproducibility of experimental data in studies involving rodent models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Yajima
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Alato Okuno
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Design, Shibata Gakuen University, Hirosaki-city, Aomori, Japan
| | - Isamu Nakamura
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, Japan.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-city, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Butler MJ, Deems NP, Muscat S, Butt CM, Belury MA, Barrientos RM. Dietary DHA prevents cognitive impairment and inflammatory gene expression in aged male rats fed a diet enriched with refined carbohydrates. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 98:198-209. [PMID: 34425209 PMCID: PMC8511052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of a processed foods diet (PD) enriched with refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and lack of fiber has increased in recent decades and likely contributed to increased incidence of chronic disease and weight gain in humans. These diets have also been shown to negatively impact brain health and cognitive function in rodents, non-human primates, and humans, potentially through neuroimmune-related mechanisms. However, mechanisms by which PD impacts the aged brain are unknown. This gap in knowledge is critical, considering the aged brain has a heightened state of baseline inflammation, making it more susceptible to secondary challenges. Here, we showed that consumption of a PD, enriched with refined carbohydrate sources, for 28 days impaired hippocampal- and amygdalar-dependent memory function in aged (24 months), but not young (3 months) F344 × BN rats. These memory deficits were accompanied by increased expression of inflammatory genes, such as IL-1β, CD11b, MHC class II, CD86, NLRP3, and complement component 3, in the hippocampus and amygdala of aged rats. Importantly, we also showed that when the same PD is supplemented with the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA, these memory deficits and inflammatory gene expression changes were ameliorated in aged rats, thus providing the first evidence that DHA supplementation can protect against memory deficits and inflammatory gene expression in aged rats fed a processed foods diet. Lastly, we showed that while PD consumption increased weight gain in both young and aged rats, this effect was exaggerated in aged rats. Aging was also associated with significant alterations in hypothalamic gene expression, with no impact by DHA on weight gain or hypothalamic gene expression. Together, our data provide novel insights regarding diet-brain interactions by showing that PD consumption impairs cognitive function likely through a neuroimmune mechanism and that dietary DHA can ameliorate this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas P Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Martha A Belury
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwan STC, Ricketts DK, Presswood BH, Smith SM, Mooney SM. Prenatal choline supplementation during mouse pregnancy has differential effects in alcohol-exposed fetal organs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2471-2484. [PMID: 34697823 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are preventable adverse outcomes consequent to prenatal alcohol exposure. Supplemental choline confers neuroprotection to the alcohol-exposed offspring, but its actions outside the brain are unclear. We previously reported that prenatal exposure of mice to 4.5 g/kg of alcohol decreased placental weight in females only, but decreased body weight and liver-to-body weight ratio and increased brain-to-body weight ratio in both sexes. Here we test the hypotheses that a lower alcohol dose will elicit similar outcomes, and that concurrent choline treatment will mitigate these outcomes. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were gavaged with alcohol (3 g/kg; Alc) or maltodextrin (MD) from embryonic day (E) 8.5-17.5. Some also received a subcutaneous injection of 100 mg/kg choline chloride (Alc + Cho, MD + Cho). Outcomes were evaluated on E17.5. RESULTS Alc dams had lower gestational weight gain than MD; this was normalized by choline. In males, Alc decreased placental weight whereas choline increased placental efficiency, and Alc + Cho (vs. MD) tended to further reduce placental weight and increase efficiency. Despite no significant alcohol effects on these measures, choline increased fetal body weight but not brain weight, thus reducing brain-to-body weight ratio in both sexes. This ratio was also lower in the Alc + Cho (vs. MD) fetuses. Alc reduced liver weight and the liver-to-body weight ratio; choline did not improve these. Placental weight and efficiency correlated with litter size, whereas placental efficiency correlated with fetal morphometric measurements. CONCLUSIONS Choline prevents an alcohol-induced reduction in gestational weight gain and fetal body weight and corrects fetal brain sparing, consistent with clinical findings of improvements in alcohol-exposed children born to mothers receiving choline supplementation. Importantly, we show that choline enhances placental efficiency in the alcohol-exposed offspring but does not normalize fetal liver growth. Our findings support choline supplementation during pregnancy to mitigate the severity of FASD and emphasize the need to examine choline's actions in different organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Ting Cecilia Kwan
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dane K Ricketts
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandon H Presswood
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan M Smith
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra M Mooney
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Villa CR, Sacco SM, Chen J, Taibi A, Comelli EM, Ward WE. Effect of Low Dietary Vitamin D Fed Prior to and During Pregnancy and Lactation on Maternal Bone Mineral Density, Structure, and Strength in C57BL/6 Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab114. [PMID: 34693194 PMCID: PMC8526782 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that diets containing lower vitamin D than in the AIN-93G diet do not compromise bone structure, bone mineral density (BMD), and/or bone strength in male and female mice. This study determined if a diet containing low vitamin D from prepregnancy through to the end of lactation maintained these bone outcomes to a similar extent as a high vitamin D diet. Mice were fed an AIN-93G diet with 25 (LD diet) or 5000 (HD diet) IU vitamin D/kg diet from premating through to lactation (n = 15/group). Of the major structure outcomes, only cortical area fraction of the distal femur was lower (P <0.05) with the LD diet. Lumbar vertebra BMD was lower (P <0.05) with LD whereas distal femur BMD and bone strength at 3 sites did not differ. Dams fed an LD diet premating through to the end of lactation had largely similar bone outcomes to dams fed a HD diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Villa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra M Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amel Taibi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|