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Rached V, Diogenes MEL, Donangelo CM, Bezerra FF. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy reduces postpartum fat mass in adolescents: A randomized trial. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23911. [PMID: 37166151 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy during adolescence may increase the risk of overweight/obesity. There is evidence that increasing calcium intake, alone or vitamin D-combined, may favor loss of weight and/or fat mass. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that calcium supplementation during pregnancy reduces excessive fat accumulation during postpartum period. We aimed to investigate the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on body composition measurements throughout 1 year postpartum in Brazilian adolescents with habitually low calcium intake (~600 mg/day). METHODS Adolescents (14-19 years) were randomly assigned to receive a daily supplement (600 mg of calcium plus 200 UI of cholecalciferol, n = 30) or a placebo (n = 26) from 26 weeks of gestation until parturition. Body composition was determined at 5, 20, and 56 weeks postpartum by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The effects of intervention group, time point, as well as their interaction were assessed using repeated measures mixed-effects models. RESULTS In the adjusted analysis, those supplemented showed lower total body mass [mean difference = -3.32 kg; confidence interval (CI) 95% -6.12 to -0.52 kg], trunk (-1.25 kg; CI 95% -2.34 to -0.15 kg), android (-0.29 kg; CI 95% -0.53 to -0.04 kg) and subcutaneous (-0.23 kg; CI 95% -0.43 to -0.03 kg) fat masses. In the supplemented group, BMI and postpartum weight retention significantly decreased from 5 to 20 weeks (-0.90 kg/m2 and -1.76 kg, respectively; p < .05). At 56 weeks, BMI was still lower (-1.22 kg/m2 ; p < .05) than 5 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increasing calcium intake through supplementation in combination with vitamin D contributes to a more pronounced reduction in total body mass overtime, mostly as a consequence of fat mass reductions in central body regions. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01732328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Rached
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Leão Diogenes
- Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Coordenação de Prevenção e Vigilância, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Luan F, Liu B, Sun S, Chen Y, Xu Y, Jiang X, Guo X, Cheng S, Wang Y. Analysis of Eight Nutrient Elements in Whole Blood of Children and Adolescents Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3078-3087. [PMID: 34562194 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Few researches have been conducted on elements in whole blood of young people. Our study was to investigate the influence of age, gender and season on the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), and strontium (Sr) as well as to establish reference intervals (RIs). We conducted a retrospective study of 589 apparently healthy children and adolescents. Quantitative analysis had been carried out using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Test results were analyzed using and MannWhitney U test, Spearman and Pearson statistical analyses. RIs were defined by using 95% confidence interval. Differences between contents of Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn in girls' and boys' whole blood were found. Positive correlations for Fe, Zn, Se, and Sr, while negative for Ca and Cu were found with age. Increasing trends were found for Fe, Zn, and Se, while for Ca and Cu, changes were even decreasing for children and teenagers. The most frequently correlating element pairs were FeZn, MgSe, and FeSe in five successive age groups. Lower contents of Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Se were found in summer. Finally, the reference interval of each element was initially established according to age and gender grouping. The contents of elements in whole blood vary depending mainly on the gender and age of children and adolescents. The reference intervals of elements in whole blood grouped by age and gender provide a reference basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of element-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuzhen Sun
- Department of Pediatry, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatry, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqiu Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xuerui Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiangrui Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Shiqing Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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The Role of Bovine and Non-Bovine Milk in Cardiometabolic Health: Should We Raise the "Baa"? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020290. [PMID: 35057470 PMCID: PMC8780791 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although causality is yet to be confirmed, a considerable volume of research has explored the relationships between cow milk consumption, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Contrastingly, it has not been comprehensively examined whether milk of non-bovine origin can provide cardiometabolic protection. This narrative review outlines the marked differences in macronutrient composition, particularly protein and lipid content, and discusses how whole milk product (and individual milk ingredients) from different species could impact cardiometabolic health. There is some data, although primarily from compositional analyses, animal studies, and acute clinical trials, that non-bovine milk (notably sheep and goat milk) could be a viable substitute to cow milk for the maintenance, or enhancement, of cardiometabolic health. With a high content of medium-chain triglycerides, conjugated linoleic acid, leucine, and essential minerals, sheep milk could assist in the prevention of metabolic-related disorders. Similarly, albeit with a lower content of such functional compounds relative to sheep milk, goat and buffalo milk could be plausible counterparts to cow milk. However, the evidence required to generate nutritional recommendations for ‘non-bovine milk’ is currently lacking. Longer-term randomised controlled trials must assess how the bioactive ingredients of different species’ milks collectively influence biomarkers of, and subsequently incidence of, cardiometabolic health.
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