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Zirpoli H, Bernis ME, Sabir H, Manual Kollareth DJ, Hamilton JA, Huang N, Ng J, Sosunov SA, Gaebler B, Ten VS, Deckelbaum RJ. Omega-3 fatty acid diglyceride emulsions as a novel injectable acute therapeutic in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116749. [PMID: 38761420 PMCID: PMC11156760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), resulting from a lack of blood flow and oxygen before or during newborn delivery, is a leading cause of cerebral palsy and neurological disability in children. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), the current standard of care in HIE, is only beneficial in 1 of 7-8 cases. Therefore, there is a critical need for more efficient treatments. We have previously reported that omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) carried by triglyceride (TG) lipid emulsions provide neuroprotection after experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal mice. Herein, we propose a novel acute therapeutic approach using an n-3 diglyceride (DG) lipid emulsions. Importantly, n-3 DG preparations had much smaller particle size compared to commercially available or lab-made n-3 TG emulsions. We showed that n-3 DG molecules have the advantage of incorporating at substantially higher levels than n-3 TG into an in vitro model of phospholipid membranes. We also observed that n-3 DG after parenteral administration in neonatal mice reaches the bloodstream more rapidly than n-3 TG. Using neonatal HI brain injury models in mice and rats, we found that n-3 DG emulsions provide superior neuroprotection than n-3 TG emulsions or TH in decreasing brain infarct size. Additionally, we found that n-3 DGs attenuate microgliosis and astrogliosis. Thus, n-3 DG emulsions are a superior, promising, and novel therapy for treating HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Maria Eugenia Bernis
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Denny Joseph Manual Kollareth
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James A Hamilton
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nasi Huang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jesse Ng
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sergey A Sosunov
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Caballero-Solares A, Eslamloo K, Hall JR, Katan T, Emam M, Xue X, Taylor RG, Balder R, Parrish CC, Rise ML. Vegetable omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids differentially modulate the antiviral and antibacterial immune responses of Atlantic salmon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10947. [PMID: 38740811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens. The head kidneys of salmon fed high dietary omega-3 levels exhibited a more anti-inflammatory fatty acid profile and a restrained induction of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-related genes during the immune challenges. The high-omega-3 diet also promoted a higher expression of genes associated with the interferon-mediated signaling pathway, potentially enhancing antiviral immunity. This research highlights the capacity of vegetable oils with different omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA ratios to modulate specific components of fish immune responses, offering insights for future research on the intricate lipid nutrition-immunity interplay and the development of novel sustainable low-fish oil clinical aquaculture feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalil Eslamloo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
- Centre for Marine Applied Research, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Tomer Katan
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
- Stantec Inc., St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Balder
- Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health, Elk River, MN, USA
| | - Christopher C Parrish
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Zhao Z, Xiang X, Chen Q, Du J, Zhu S, Xu X, Shen Y, Wen S, Li Y, Xu W, Mai K, Ai Q. Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1: A Mediator for High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and Glucose Intolerance in Fish. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00154-8. [PMID: 38460786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1 is considered to be a crucial regulator for lipid synthesis in vertebrates. However, whether SREBP1 could regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis under high-fat diet (HFD) condition is still unknown, and the underlying mechanism is also unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine gluconeogenesis-related gene and protein expressions in response to HFD in large yellow croaker and explore the role and mechanism of SREBP1 in regulating the related transcription and signaling. METHODS Croakers (mean weight, 15.61 ± 0.10 g) were fed with diets containing 12% crude lipid [control diet (ND)] or 18% crude lipid (HFD) for 10 weeks. The glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, hepatic gluconeogenesis-related genes, and proteins expressions were determined. To explore the role of SREBP1 in HFD-induced gluconeogenesis, SREBP1 was inhibited by pharmacologic inhibitor (fatostatin) or genetic knockdown in croaker hepatocytes under palmitic acid (PA) condition. To explore the underlying mechanism, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were conducted in HEK293T cells. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance or Student t test. RESULTS Compared with ND, HFD increased the mRNA expressions of gluconeogenesis genes (2.40-fold to 2.60-fold) (P < 0.05) and reduced protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation levels (0.28-fold to 0.34-fold) (P < 0.05) in croakers. However, inhibition of SREBP1 by fatostatin addition or SREBP1 knockdown reduced the mRNA expressions of gluconeogenesis genes (P < 0.05) and increased AKT phosphorylation levels (P < 0.05) in hepatocytes, compared with that by PA treatment. Moreover, fatostatin addition or SREBP1 knockdown also increased the mRNA expressions of irs1 (P < 0.05) and reduced serine phosphorylation of IRS1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, SREBP1 inhibited IRS1 transcriptions by binding to its promoter and induced IRS1 serine phosphorylation by activating diacylglycerol-protein kinase Cε signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the role of SREBP1 in hepatic gluconeogenesis under HFD condition in croakers, which may provide a potential strategy for improving HFD-induced glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianlong Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Si Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shunlang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yueru Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) and Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Su CC, Yu CC, Shih YW, Liu KL, Chen HW, Wu CC, Yang YC, Yeh EL, Li CC. Protective Effect of Alpha-Linolenic Acid on Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis and Apoptotic Cell Death. Nutrients 2023; 15:4992. [PMID: 38068849 PMCID: PMC10708481 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer ranks sixth among Taiwan's top 10 cancers and most patients with poor prognosis acquire metastases. The essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) has been found to diminish many cancer properties. However, the anti-cancer activity of ALA in oral cancer has yet to be determined. We examined the mechanisms underlying ALA inhibition of metastasis and induction of apoptotic cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Migration and invasion assays confirmed the cancer cells' EMT capabilities, whereas flow cytometry and Western blotting identified molecular pathways in OSCC. ALA dramatically reduced cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner according to the findings. Low concentrations of ALA (100 or 200 μM) inhibit colony formation, the expression of Twist and EMT-related proteins, the expression of MMP2/-9 proteins, and enzyme activity, as well as cell migration and invasion. Treatment with high concentrations of ALA (200 or 400 μM) greatly increases JNK phosphorylation and c-jun nuclear accumulation and then upregulates the FasL/caspase8/caspase3 and Bid/cytochrome c/caspase9/caspase3 pathways, leading to cell death. Low concentrations of ALA inhibit SAS and GNM cell migration and invasion by suppressing Twist and downregulating EMT-related proteins or by decreasing the protein expression and enzyme activity of MMP-2/-9, whereas high concentrations of ALA promote apoptosis by activating the JNK/FasL/caspase 8/caspase 3-extrinsic pathway and the Bid/cytochrome c/caspase 9 pathway. ALA demonstrates potential as a treatment for OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chyuan Su
- Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung 92842, Taiwan;
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Shih
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40678, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - En-Ling Yeh
- Department of Nutrition, College of Medical and Health Care, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Zhu A, Tan P, Xu D, Zhang X, Yan X. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis identifies liver immune protein markers in large yellow croakers (Larimichthys crocea) fed a soybean oil-based diet. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125097. [PMID: 37268069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fish oil (FO) replacement has led to an inflammatory response in fish species. This study aimed to identify immune-related proteins in the liver tissue of fish fed a FO-based or soybean oil (SO)-based diet. By conducting proteomics and phosphoproteomics analyses, a total of 1601 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 460 differentially abundant phosphorylated proteins (DAPs) were identified, respectively. Enrichment analysis revealed immune-related proteins involved in bacterial infection, pathogen identification, cytokine production, and cell chemotaxis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway exhibited significant alterations in both protein and phosphorylation levels, with several hub DEPs and DAPs associated with MAPK pathway and leukocyte transendothelial migration being notable. In vitro experiments indicated that linolenic acid (LNA), derived from SO, inhibited the expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), but increased the expression of signaling proteins linked to nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and MAPK pathways. Transwell assays indicated that treatment of liver cells with LNA promoted macrophage migration. Collectively, the results showed that the SO-based diet upregulated the expression of NF-κB signaling-related proteins and activated the MAPK pathway, promoting immune cell migration. These findings provide novel insights for developing effective solutions to alleviate health problems caused by dietary high levels of SO inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Zhu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fishery Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China; Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Xu
- Key Lab of Mariculture and Enhancement of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fishery Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, People's Republic of China; Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, People's Republic of China
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