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Yoshinaga J, Komatsuda S, Fujita R, Amin MHA, Oguri T. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of diet of the Japanese and diet-hair offset values. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:563-575. [PMID: 34719303 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1990276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) were measured in composite samples of Japanese food and hair. Three hundred eighty-nine foodstuffs were collected in Tokyo and Gunma Prefecture, Japan, in 2020. The foodstuffs were classified into 15 food categories, prepared as usually consumed, and mixed to make 15 composite samples representing each of the food categories. Similarly prepared samples for foodstuffs collected in 2011 and 2015 were also examined. Composite hair samples were collected from a barber shop in Tokyo and a beauty salon in Gunma in 2019. The δ13C and δ15N values of the food and hair composites were measured by elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry after defatting. The δ13C and δ15N values of the food composite varied from composite to composite and according to year of collection. The whole-diet δ13C values were -21.1, -22.0, and -21.5 ‰ for the 2011, 2015, and 2020 samples, respectively; the δ15N values were 5.0, 4.4, and 4.4 ‰, respectively. Diet-hair offset values of δ13C and δ15N were calculated to be 1.9 and 4.3 ‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively. These offset values will be important for dietary analysis and nutritional research using hair isotope ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Oura, Japan
| | | | - Raiki Fujita
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Oura, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Oguri
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
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O'Connell TC. Comment on Ellegård et al. Clinical Nutrition 2019 "Distinguishing vegan-, vegetarian-, and omnivorous diets by hair isotopic analysis". Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4912-4913. [PMID: 34358836 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin C O'Connell
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3DZ, UK.
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Ramne S, Gray N, Hellstrand S, Brunkwall L, Enhörning S, Nilsson PM, Engström G, Orho-Melander M, Ericson U, Kuhnle GGC, Sonestedt E. Comparing Self-Reported Sugar Intake With the Sucrose and Fructose Biomarker From Overnight Urine Samples in Relation to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. Front Nutr 2020; 7:62. [PMID: 32435652 PMCID: PMC7218081 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on sugar intake and its link to cardiometabolic risk show inconsistent results, partly due to dietary misreporting. Cost-effective and easily measured nutritional biomarkers that can complement dietary data are warranted. Measurement of 24-h urinary sugars is a biomarker of sugar intake, but there are knowledge gaps regarding the use of overnight urine samples. We aim to compare (1) overnight urinary sucrose and fructose measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, (2) self-reported sugar intake measured with web-based 4-day food records, (3) their composite measure, and (4) these different measures' (1–3) cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in 991 adults in the Malmö Offspring Study (18–69 years, 54% women). The correlations between the reported intakes of total sugar, added sugar and sucrose was higher for urinary sucrose than fructose, and the correlations for the sum or urinary sucrose and fructose (U-sugars) varied between r≈0.2–0.3 (P < 0.01) in men and women. Differences in the direction of associations were observed for some cardiometabolic risk factors between U-sugars and reported added sugar intake, as well as between the sexes. In women, U-sugars, but not reported added sugar intake, were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose. Both U-sugars and added sugar were positively associated with BMI and waist circumference in women, whereas among men, U-sugars were negatively associated with BMI and waist circumference, and no association was observed for added sugar. The composite measure of added sugars and U-sugars was positively associated with BMI, waist circumference and systolic blood pressure and negatively associated with HDL cholesterol in women (P < 0.05). Conclusively, we demonstrate statistically significant, but not very high, correlations between reported sugar intakes and U-sugars. Results indicate that overnight urinary sugars may be used as a complement to self-reported dietary data when investigating associations between sugar exposure and cardiometabolic risk. However, future studies are highly needed to validate the overnight urinary sugars as a biomarker because its use, instead of 24-h urine, facilitates data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Ramne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nicola Gray
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Hellstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Louise Brunkwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sofia Enhörning
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Kuhnle GGC. Stable isotope ratios-nutritional biomarkers of long-term intake? Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1265-1267. [PMID: 31536121 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Metherel AH, Irfan M, Klingel SL, Mutch DM, Bazinet RP. Compound-specific isotope analysis reveals no retroconversion of DHA to EPA but substantial conversion of EPA to DHA following supplementation: a randomized control trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:823-831. [PMID: 31204771 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has long been believed that DHA supplementation increases plasma EPA via the retroconversion pathway in mammals. However, in rodents this increase in EPA is likely due to a slower metabolism of EPA, but this has never been tested directly in humans. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to use the natural variations in 13C:12C ratio (carbon-13 isotopic abundance [δ13C]) of n-3 PUFA supplements to assess n-3 PUFA metabolism following DHA or EPA supplementation in humans. METHODS Participants (aged 21.6 ± 2.2 y) were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 supplement groups for 12 wk: 1) olive oil control, 2) ∼3 g/d DHA, or 3) ∼3 g/d EPA. Blood was collected before and after the supplementation period, and concentrations and δ13C of plasma n-3 PUFA were determined. RESULTS DHA supplementation increased (P < 0.05) plasma EPA concentrations by 130% but did not affect plasma δ13C-EPA (-31.0 ± 0.30 to -30.8 ± 0.19, milliUrey ± SEM, P > 0.05). In addition, EPA supplementation did not change plasma DHA concentrations (P > 0.05) but did increase plasma δ13C-DHA (-27.9 ± 0.2 to -25.6 ± 0.1, P < 0.05) toward δ13C-EPA of the supplement (-23.5 ± 0.22). EPA supplementation increased plasma concentrations of EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) by 880% and 200%, respectively, and increased plasma δ13C-EPA (-31.5 ± 0.2 to -25.7 ± 0.2) and δ13C-DPAn-3 (-28.9 ± 0.3 to -25.0 ± 0.1) toward δ13C-EPA of the supplement. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we show that the increase in plasma EPA following DHA supplementation in humans does not occur via retroconversion, but instead from a slowed metabolism and/or accumulation of plasma EPA. Furthermore, substantial amounts of supplemental EPA can be converted into DHA. δ13C of n-3 PUFA in humans is a powerful and underutilized tool that can track dietary n-3 PUFA and elucidate complex metabolic questions. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03378232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha Irfan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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