1
|
Gyriki D, Nikolaidis C, Stavropoulou E, Bezirtzoglou I, Tsigalou C, Vradelis S, Bezirtzoglou E. Exploring the Gut Microbiome's Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights and Interventions. J Pers Med 2024; 14:507. [PMID: 38793089 PMCID: PMC11122163 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition of the intestine that significantly impairs quality of life and imposes a heavy burden on healthcare systems globally. While the exact etiology of IBD is unclear, it is influenced by genetic, environmental, immunological, and microbial factors. Recent advances highlight the gut microbiome's pivotal role in IBD pathogenesis. The microbial dysbiosis characteristic of IBD, marked by a decline in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic microbes, suggests a profound connection between microbial imbalance and disease mechanisms. This review explores diagnostic approaches to IBD that integrate clinical assessment with advanced microbiological analyses, highlighting the potential of microbiome profiling as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. In addition, it evaluates conventional and emerging treatments and discusses microbiome-targeted intervention prospects, such as probiotics, symbiotics, and faecal microbiota transplantation. The necessity for future research to establish their efficacy and safety is emphasised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Gyriki
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.); (E.B.)
- Internal Medicine Department, Vostaneio-General Hospital of Mytilene, 81100 Mytilene, Greece;
| | - Christos Nikolaidis
- Internal Medicine Department, Vostaneio-General Hospital of Mytilene, 81100 Mytilene, Greece;
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Christina Tsigalou
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stergios Vradelis
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.); (E.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Master Program in “Food, Nutrition and Microbiome”, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (C.T.); (S.V.); (E.B.)
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Role of Postbiotics in Diabetes Mellitus: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071590. [PMID: 34359462 PMCID: PMC8306164 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the gastrointestinal microbiota has been recognised as being essential for health. Indeed, several publications have documented the suitability of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in the management of different diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Advances in laboratory techniques have allowed the identification and characterisation of new biologically active molecules, referred to as “postbiotics”. Postbiotics are defined as functional bioactive compounds obtained from food-grade microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They include cell structures, secreted molecules or metabolic by-products, and inanimate microorganisms. This heterogeneous group of molecules presents a broad range of mechanisms and may exhibit some advantages over traditional “biotics” such as probiotics and prebiotics. Owing to the growing incidence of DM worldwide and the implications of the microbiota in the disease progression, postbiotics appear to be good candidates as novel therapeutic targets. In the present review, we summarise the current knowledge about postbiotic compounds and their potential application in diabetes management. Additionally, we envision future perspectives on this topic. In summary, the results indicate that postbiotics hold promise as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for DM.
Collapse
|
3
|
Moradi M, Kousheh SA, Almasi H, Alizadeh A, Guimarães JT, Yılmaz N, Lotfi A. Postbiotics produced by lactic acid bacteria: The next frontier in food safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3390-3415. [PMID: 33337065 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are many critical challenges in the use of primary and secondary cultures and their biological compounds in food commodities. An alternative is the application of postbiotics from the starter and protective lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The concept of postbiotics is relatively new and there is still not a recognized definition for this term. The word "postbiotics" is currently used to refer to bioactive compounds, which did not fit to the traditional definitions of probiotics, prebiotics, and paraprobiotics. Therefore, the postbiotics may be presently defined as bioactive soluble factors (products or metabolic byproducts), produced by some food-grade microorganisms during the growth and fermentation in complex microbiological culture (in this case named cell-free supernatant), food, or gut, which exert some benefits to the food or the consumer. Many LAB are considered probiotic and their postbiotic compounds present similar or additional health benefits to the consumer; however, this review aimed to address the most recent applications of the postbiotics with food safety purposes. The potential applications of postbiotics in food biopreservation, food packaging, and biofilm control were reviewed. The current uses of postbiotics in the reduction and biodegradation of some food safety-related chemical contaminants (e.g., biogenic amines) were considered. We also discussed the safety aspects, the obstacles, and future perspectives of using postbiotics in the food industry. This work will open up new insights for food applications of postbiotics prepared from LAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Moradi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Alaleh Kousheh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hadi Almasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Arash Alizadeh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Nurten Yılmaz
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Anita Lotfi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|