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Demont A, Cole H, Marison IW. An understanding of potential and limitations of alginate/PLL microcapsules as a cell retention system for perfusion cultures. J Microencapsul 2016; 33:80-8. [PMID: 26754597 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1134686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsules for high cell density culture of mammalian cells have found an increasing interest, however, the poor stability of the microcapsules and the lack of characterisation methods led to few quantitative results. Alginate-poly-L-lysine (PLL) microcapsules have been studied in detail in order to form a basis for comparison of capsules made from different polymers. Since the microcapsules can be easily retained in the bioreactor without the need for a cell separation device, high cell densities were achieved with a maximum of 4 × 10(7) cell/ml(microcapsules), corresponding to a colonisation of 5% of the internal capsule volume. Measurement of microcapsule integrity and mechanical resistance showed that alginate-PLL microcapsules are not suitable for perfusion cultures since they are very sensitive to media composition, mainly the presence of non-gelling ions that have a higher affinity for alginate than PLL and Ca(2+), leading to the leakage of PLL and Ca(2+), and to microcapsule rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Demont
- a Laboratory of Integrated Bioprocessing, School of Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Harriet Cole
- a Laboratory of Integrated Bioprocessing, School of Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Ian W Marison
- a Laboratory of Integrated Bioprocessing, School of Biotechnology , Dublin City University , Dublin , Ireland
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Mishra S, Scarano FJ, Calvert P. Entrapment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 3T3 fibroblast cells into blue light cured hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2829-38. [PMID: 22678829 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels, containing yeast cells or fibroblast cells, were fabricated using blue light-induced polymerization technique. The cell-loaded prepolymer formulation was comprised of poly(ethyleneglycol) diacrylate (more than or equal to 50% v/v), 0.5 wt % Eosin Y and 0.5 wt % triethanolamine as the base oligomer, photo-initiator, and co-initiator, respectively. The two model cell lines, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts maintained high viability pre- and post-processing. Several bioassays have demonstrated the unaffected intracellular and extracellular activities of the cells entrapped within the hydrogels. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the proliferation of S. cerevisiae cells that were entrapped and cultivated for 48 h in growth media, which validated the favorable microenvironment and nutrient transport in these gels. Upon entrapment, fibroblast cells remain viable upto 12 h, however they failed to attach within the crosslinked network, thus no further proliferation was observed. The tunable properties of this hydrogel system project it as a useful matrix for specialized biohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mishra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, N. Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, USA.
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/02652049109069569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Moon KH, Han BK, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, Byun SS, Lee SE. In vivo Hollow Fiber Assay for Anticancer Drugs' Responsiveness in a Bladder Cancer Model. Korean J Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.4111/kju.2008.49.5.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyuck Moon
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byoung Kyu Han
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Abstract
Entrapment of mammalian cells in physical membranes has been practiced since the early 1950s when it was originally introduced as a basic research tool. The method has since been developed based on the promise of its therapeutic usefulness in tissue transplantation. Encapsulation physically isolates a cell mass from an outside environment and aims to maintain normal cellular physiology within a desired permeability barrier. Numerous encapsulation techniques have been developed over the years. These techniques are generally classified as microencapsulation (involving small spherical vehicles and conformally coated tissues) and macroencapsulation (involving larger flat-sheet and hollow-fiber membranes). This review is intended to summarize techniques of cell encapsulation as well as methods for evaluating the performance of encapsulated cells. The techniques reviewed include microencapsulation with polyelectrolyte complexation emphasizing alginate-polylysine capsules, thermoreversible gelation with agarose as a prototype system, interfacial precipitation and interfacial polymerization, as well as the technology of flat sheet and hollow fiber-based macroencapsulation. Four aspects of encapsulated cells that are critical for the success of the technology, namely the capsule permeability, mechanical properties, immune protection and biocompatibility, have been singled out and methods to evaluate these properties were summarized. Finally, speculations regarding future directions of cell encapsulation research and device development are included from the authors' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Uludag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, AB T6G 2G3, Edmonton, Canada.
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Hollingshead M, Roberson J, Decker W, Buckheit R, Elder C, Malspeis L, Mayo J, Grever M. In vivo drug screening applications of HIV-infected cells cultivated within hollow fibers in two physiologic compartments of mice. Antiviral Res 1995; 28:265-79. [PMID: 8629818 DOI: 10.1016/0166-3542(95)00055-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that human cell lines can be cultivated in hollow fibers in the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal compartments of mice. We have extended the range of cell lines to include cells infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Furthermore, these HIV-infected cells have been shown to replicate in the hollow fibers located in both physiologic compartments (intraperitoneal and subcutaneous) of SCID mice. Treatment of the host mice with antiviral agents can suppress virus replication in these hollow fiber cultures. The potential use of this system for early in vivo screening of anti-HIV compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hollingshead
- Biological Testing Branch, DTP, DCT, NCI, Fairview Center, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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Hollingshead MG, Alley MC, Camalier RF, Abbott BJ, Mayo JG, Malspeis L, Grever MR. In vivo cultivation of tumor cells in hollow fibers. Life Sci 1995; 57:131-41. [PMID: 7603295 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(95)00254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Advancement of potential anti-cancer agents from "discovery" in an in vitro screen to pre-clinical development requires a demonstration of in vivo efficacy in one or more animal models of neoplastic disease. Most such models require considerable materials in terms of laboratory animals and test compound as well as substantial amounts of time (and cost) to determine whether a given experimental agent or series of agents have even minimal anti-tumor activity. The present study was initiated to assess the feasibility of employing an alternate methodology for preliminary in vivo evaluations of therapeutic efficacy. Results of experimentation to date demonstrate that a hollow fiber encapsulation/implantation methodology provides quantitative indices of drug efficacy with minimum expenditures of time and materials. Following further pharmacologic calibrations, the hollow fiber technique is anticipated (a) to identify compounds having moderate to prominent anti-cancer activity and (b) to facilitate the identification of sensitive tumor cell line "targets" and optimal or near-optimal treatment regimens for subsequent testing using standard in vivo solid tumor models. The potential suitability of this methodology is demonstrated with several standard anti-neoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Hollingshead
- Biological Testing Branch, National Cancer Institute, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Sawhney AS, Pathak CP, Hubbell JA. Interfacial photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels upon alginate-poly(l-lysine) microcapsules for enhanced biocompatibility. Biomaterials 1993; 14:1008-16. [PMID: 8286667 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(93)90194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of microcapsules made by the co-acervation of alginate and poly(l-lysine) (PLL) was enhanced by coating the surface of these microcapsules with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel. The hydrogel was formed by an interfacial photopolymerization technique using visible light from an argon ion laser. The light absorbing chromophore, eosin Y, was immobilized on the microcapsule surface. This restricted the formation of the PEG hydrogel to the surface of the microcapsule. The presence of the PEG gel on the surface was confirmed by fluorescent dextran entrapment, by direct visualization after dissolution of the underlying membrane and by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The biological response of such microcapsules was evaluated by intraperitoneal implantation in mice. The PEG-coated microcapsules were found to be less inflammatory and were seen not to elicit a fibrotic response, as was the case with alginate-PLL microcapsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sawhney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin 78712-1062
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Vandenbossche GMR, Van Oostveldt P, Demeester J, Remon JP. The molecular weight cut-off of microcapsules is determined by the reaction between alginate and polylysine. Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 42:381-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260420316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Allen LB, Li SX, Arnett G, Toyer B, Shannon WM, Hollingshead MG. Novel method for evaluating antiviral drugs against human cytomegalovirus in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:206-8. [PMID: 1317146 PMCID: PMC189256 DOI: 10.1128/aac.36.1.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A virus-host cell system in which human cytomegalovirus-infected human cells are entrapped in agarose plugs has been developed. This model provides an inexpensive method for the in vivo evaluation (with outbred, immunocompetent mice) of antiviral drugs against human viruses such as cytomegalovirus that replicate primarily or only in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Allen
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35255
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 1991; 8:573-96. [PMID: 1798026 DOI: 10.3109/02652049109021880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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