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Aiyer HS, Li Y, Harper N, Myers SR, Martin RCG. Molecular changes in the esophageal epithelium after a subchronic exposure to cigarette smoke in the presence of bile-acid reflux. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:304-11. [PMID: 21506880 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.568977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux of bile acids plays an important role in the development of Barrett's esophagus (BE)-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Cigarette smoke has been demonstrated to exacerbate the effects of reflux and thus the initial stages of EAC carcinogenesis. To date, no in vivo studies have been conducted to look at the concomitant effects of cigarette smoke and bile acids on EAC incidence. METHODS In this pilot study, rats that underwent esophagoduodenal anastomosis (EDA) surgery to induce reflux were exposed to whole-body cigarette smoke 3 weeks after surgery. Smoke exposure (135 mg/m³/day) was done for 4 h/day for 5 consecutive days and animals were euthanized after a 48-h recovery period. RESULTS Exposure to EDA-smoke accelerated the development of BE when compared to EDA-air. The presence of reflux caused a significant 3.5-fold increase in nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) staining (1.47 ± 0.6; p = 0.01). Animals with both reflux and smoking had the highest (10-fold; 4 ± 0.9) induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a 10-fold increase in 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) protein adducts identified in all smoke-exposed animals (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cigarette smoke aggravates reflux-induced BE and potentially accelerates the progression of BE to EAC through the loss of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and overexpression of NF-κB- and COX-2-mediated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini S Aiyer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Yao C, Wang C, Jiang B, Feng X, Yu C, Li T, Tu S. Design and an efficient synthesis of new thiorotenone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2884-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim WY, Chang DJ, Hennessy B, Kang HJ, Yoo J, Han SH, Kim YS, Park HJ, Geo SY, Mills G, Kim KW, Hong WK, Suh YG, Lee HY, Lee HY. A novel derivative of the natural agent deguelin for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2008; 1:577-87. [PMID: 19139008 PMCID: PMC2738643 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The natural compound deguelin has promising preventive and therapeutic activity against diverse cancers by directly binding to heat shock protein-90 and thus suppressing its function. Potential side effects of deguelin over a certain dose, however, could be a substantial obstacle to its clinical use. To develop a derivative(s) of deguelin with reduced potential side effects, we synthesized five deguelin analogues (SH-02, SH-03, SH-09, SH-14, and SH-15) and compared them with the parent compound and each other for structural and biochemical features; solubility; and antiproliferative effects on normal, premalignant, and malignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Four derivatives destabilized hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha as potently as did deguelin. Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis in H460 NSCLC cells revealed that deguelin and the derivatives suppressed expression of a number of proteins including heat shock protein-90 clients and proteins involved in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. One derivative, SH-14, showed several features of potential superiority for clinical use: the highest apoptotic activity; no detectable influence on Src/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, which can promote cancer progression and is closely related to pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (deguelin, SH-02 and SH-03 strongly activated this signaling); better aqueous solubility; and less cytotoxicity to immortalized HBE cells (versus deguelin) at a dose (1 micromol/L) that induced apoptotic activity in most premalignant and malignant HBE and NSCLC cell lines. These collective results suggest that the novel derivative SH-14 has strong potential for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, with equivalent efficacy and lesser toxicity (versus deguelin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Kim
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dong Jo Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bryan Hennessy
- Departments of System Biology and Gynecologic Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hae-Jin Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jakyung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Han
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoo-Shin Kim
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Gordon Mills
- Departments of System Biology and Gynecologic Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Waun Ki Hong
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Cassee FR, de Burbure CY, Rambali B, Vleeming W, van de Kuil A, van Steeg H, Fokkens PHB, van Amsterdam JGC, Dormans JAMA, Opperhuizen A. Subchronic inhalation of mixtures of cigarette smoke constituents in Xpa-/-p53+/- knock-out mice: a comparison of intermittent with semi-continuous exposure to acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and acrolein. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:527-36. [PMID: 17936466 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether inhaling peak concentrations of aldehydes several times daily is more damaging than semi-continuously inhaling low-dose aldehydes. We exposed Xpa-/-p53+/- knock-out mice either intermittently or semi-continuously to mixed acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and acrolein. The intermittent regimen entailed exposure to the aldehydes 7 min every 45 min, 12 times/day, 5 days/week, corresponding to concentrations inhaled by smokers. Semi-continuously exposed animals received half the dose of aldehydes in 8h/day, 5 days/week. Some mice in each group were sacrificed after 13 weeks of exposure; the rest breathed clean air until the end of 1 year. Mice injected intratracheally with benzo[a]pyrene formed a positive control group. The nasal cavity, lungs, and any macroscopically abnormal organs of all mice were analysed histopathologically. After 13 weeks of exposure, the subacute, overall, histopathological changes induced by the inhalation differed noticeably between the intermittently and semi-continuously treated Xpa-/-p53+/- knock-out mice. After 13 weeks of mixed aldehyde exposure, atrophy of the olfactory epithelium generally appeared, but disappeared after 1 year (adaptation and/or recovery). Respiratory epithelial metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium occurred at a higher incidence at 1 year. Except for a significantly greater number of tumours observed in knock-out mice compared to wild mice (semi-continuous aldehyde exposure and controls), no differences between the semi-continuous and intermittent exposure groups were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Cassee
- Centre for Environmental Health Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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