1
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Hasan A, Khan NA, Uddin S, Khan AQ, Steinhoff M. Deregulated transcription factors in the emerging cancer hallmarks. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 98:31-50. [PMID: 38123029 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is a multifaceted process that entails several stages and demands the persistent expression or activation of transcription factors (TFs) to facilitate growth and survival. TFs are a cluster of proteins with DNA-binding domains that attach to promoter or enhancer DNA strands to start the transcription of genes by collaborating with RNA polymerase and other supporting proteins. They are generally acknowledged as the major regulatory molecules that coordinate biological homeostasis and the appropriate functioning of cellular components, subsequently contributing to human physiology. TFs proteins are crucial for controlling transcription during the embryonic stage and development, and the stability of different cell types depends on how they function in different cell types. The development and progression of cancer cells and tumors might be triggered by any anomaly in transcription factor function. It has long been acknowledged that cancer development is accompanied by the dysregulated activity of TF alterations which might result in faulty gene expression. Recent studies have suggested that dysregulated transcription factors play a major role in developing various human malignancies by altering and rewiring metabolic processes, modifying the immune response, and triggering oncogenic signaling cascades. This review emphasizes the interplay between TFs involved in metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, evading immune attacks, cellular senescence, and the maintenance of cancer stemness in cancerous cells. The insights presented herein will facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic modalities to tackle the dysregulated transcription factors underlying cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar.
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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2
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Mayayo-Peralta I, Gregoricchio S, Schuurman K, Yavuz S, Zaalberg A, Kojic A, Abbott N, Geverts B, Beerthuijzen S, Siefert J, Severson TM, van Baalen M, Hoekman L, Lieftink C, Altelaar M, Beijersbergen RL, Houtsmuller A, Prekovic S, Zwart W. PAXIP1 and STAG2 converge to maintain 3D genome architecture and facilitate promoter/enhancer contacts to enable stress hormone-dependent transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9576-9593. [PMID: 37070193 PMCID: PMC10570044 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
How steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) regulate transcriptional activity remains partly understood. Upon activation, SHRs bind the genome together with a co-regulator repertoire, crucial to induce gene expression. However, it remains unknown which components of the SHR-recruited co-regulator complex are essential to drive transcription following hormonal stimuli. Through a FACS-based genome-wide CRISPR screen, we functionally dissected the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) complex. We describe a functional cross-talk between PAXIP1 and the cohesin subunit STAG2, critical for regulation of gene expression by GR. Without altering the GR cistrome, PAXIP1 and STAG2 depletion alter the GR transcriptome, by impairing the recruitment of 3D-genome organization proteins to the GR complex. Importantly, we demonstrate that PAXIP1 is required for stability of cohesin on chromatin, its localization to GR-occupied sites, and maintenance of enhancer-promoter interactions. In lung cancer, where GR acts as tumor suppressor, PAXIP1/STAG2 loss enhances GR-mediated tumor suppressor activity by modifying local chromatin interactions. All together, we introduce PAXIP1 and STAG2 as novel co-regulators of GR, required to maintain 3D-genome architecture and drive the GR transcriptional programme following hormonal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mayayo-Peralta
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Gregoricchio
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karianne Schuurman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selçuk Yavuz
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherland
| | - Anniek Zaalberg
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandar Kojic
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Abbott
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Geverts
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherland
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Beerthuijzen
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Siefert
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa M Severson
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Baalen
- Flow Cytometry Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The NKI Robotics and Screening Centre, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University and Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The NKI Robotics and Screening Centre, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Erasmus Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherland
| | - Stefan Prekovic
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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3
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Andrades A, Peinado P, Alvarez-Perez JC, Sanjuan-Hidalgo J, García DJ, Arenas AM, Matia-González AM, Medina PP. SWI/SNF complexes in hematological malignancies: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:39. [PMID: 36810086 PMCID: PMC9942420 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies are a highly heterogeneous group of diseases with varied molecular and phenotypical characteristics. SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) chromatin remodeling complexes play significant roles in the regulation of gene expression, being essential for processes such as cell maintenance and differentiation in hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, alterations in SWI/SNF complex subunits, especially in ARID1A/1B/2, SMARCA2/4, and BCL7A, are highly recurrent across a wide variety of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Most genetic alterations cause a loss of function of the subunit, suggesting a tumor suppressor role. However, SWI/SNF subunits can also be required for tumor maintenance or even play an oncogenic role in certain disease contexts. The recurrent alterations of SWI/SNF subunits highlight not only the biological relevance of SWI/SNF complexes in hematological malignancies but also their clinical potential. In particular, increasing evidence has shown that mutations in SWI/SNF complex subunits confer resistance to several antineoplastic agents routinely used for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, mutations in SWI/SNF subunits often create synthetic lethality relationships with other SWI/SNF or non-SWI/SNF proteins that could be exploited therapeutically. In conclusion, SWI/SNF complexes are recurrently altered in hematological malignancies and some SWI/SNF subunits may be essential for tumor maintenance. These alterations, as well as their synthetic lethal relationships with SWI/SNF and non-SWI/SNF proteins, may be pharmacologically exploited for the treatment of diverse hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Andrades
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Paola Peinado
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain ,grid.451388.30000 0004 1795 1830Present Address: The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez-Perez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Sanjuan-Hidalgo
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel J. García
- grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto M. Arenas
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M. Matia-González
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro P. Medina
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I. Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.470860.d0000 0004 4677 7069GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.507088.2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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4
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Stubbs FE, Flynn BP, Rivers CA, Birnie MT, Herman A, Swinstead EE, Baek S, Fang H, Temple J, Carroll JS, Hager GL, Lightman SL, Conway-Campbell BL. Identification of a novel GR-ARID1a-P53BP1 protein complex involved in DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. Oncogene 2022; 41:5347-5360. [PMID: 36344675 PMCID: PMC9734058 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
ARID1a (BAF250), a component of human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes, is frequently mutated across numerous cancers, and its loss of function has been putatively linked to glucocorticoid resistance. Here, we interrogate the impact of siRNA knockdown of ARID1a compared to a functional interference approach in the HeLa human cervical cancer cell line. We report that ARID1a knockdown resulted in a significant global decrease in chromatin accessibility in ATAC-Seq analysis, as well as affecting a subset of genome-wide GR binding sites determined by analyzing GR ChIP-Seq data. Interestingly, the specific effects on gene expression were limited to a relatively small subset of glucocorticoid-regulated genes, notably those involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA repair. The vast majority of glucocorticoid-regulated genes were largely unaffected by ARID1a knockdown or functional interference, consistent with a more specific role for ARID1a in glucocorticoid function than previously speculated. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we have identified a chromatin-associated protein complex comprising GR, ARID1a, and several DNA damage repair proteins including P53 binding protein 1 (P53BP1), Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP1), DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1), DNA mismatch repair protein MSH6 and splicing factor proline and glutamine-rich protein (SFPQ), as well as the histone acetyltransferase KAT7, an epigenetic regulator of steroid-dependent transcription, DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. Not only was this protein complex ablated with both ARID1a knockdown and functional interference, but spontaneously arising DNA damage was also found to accumulate in a manner consistent with impaired DNA damage repair mechanisms. Recovery from dexamethasone-dependent cell cycle arrest was also significantly impaired. Taken together, our data demonstrate that although glucocorticoids can still promote cell cycle arrest in the absence of ARID1a, the purpose of this arrest to allow time for DNA damage repair is hindered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity E Stubbs
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, The National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, 41 Medlars Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin P Flynn
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Caroline A Rivers
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Matthew T Birnie
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Andrew Herman
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erin E Swinstead
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, The National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, 41 Medlars Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Songjoon Baek
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, The National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, 41 Medlars Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hai Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jillian Temple
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, The National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, 41 Medlars Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stafford L Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Becky L Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
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5
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Bergeron BP, Diedrich JD, Zhang Y, Barnett KR, Dong Q, Ferguson DC, Autry RJ, Yang W, Hansen BS, Smith C, Crews KR, Fan Y, Pui CH, Pruett-Miller SM, Relling MV, Yang JJ, Li C, Evans WE, Savic D. Epigenomic profiling of glucocorticoid responses identifies cis-regulatory disruptions impacting steroid resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2022; 36:2374-2383. [PMID: 36028659 PMCID: PMC9522591 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a mainstay of contemporary, multidrug chemotherapy in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and resistance to GCs remains a major clinical concern. Resistance to GCs is predictive of ALL relapse and poor clinical outcome, and therefore represents a major hurdle limiting further improvements in survival rates. While advances have been made in identifying genes implicated in GC resistance, there remains an insufficient understanding of the impact of cis-regulatory disruptions in resistance. To address this, we mapped the gene regulatory response to GCs in two ALL cell lines using functional genomics and high-throughput reporter assays and identified thousands of GC-responsive changes to chromatin state, including the formation of over 250 GC-responsive super-enhancers and a depletion of AP-1 bound cis-regulatory elements implicated in cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic processes. By integrating our GC response maps with genetic and epigenetic datasets in primary ALL cells from patients, we further uncovered cis-regulatory disruptions at GC-responsive genes that impact GC resistance in childhood ALL. Overall, these data indicate that GCs initiate pervasive effects on the leukemia epigenome, and that alterations to the GC gene regulatory network contribute to GC resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan P Bergeron
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Diedrich
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kelly R Barnett
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qian Dong
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel C Ferguson
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Autry
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Baranda S Hansen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Colton Smith
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kristine R Crews
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun J Yang
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chunliang Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William E Evans
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Savic
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. .,Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. .,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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6
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Ancos-Pintado R, Bragado-García I, Morales ML, García-Vicente R, Arroyo-Barea A, Rodríguez-García A, Martínez-López J, Linares M, Hernández-Sánchez M. High-Throughput CRISPR Screening in Hematological Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3612. [PMID: 35892871 PMCID: PMC9329962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR is becoming an indispensable tool in biological research, revolutionizing diverse fields of medical research and biotechnology. In the last few years, several CRISPR-based genome-targeting tools have been translated for the study of hematological neoplasms. However, there is a lack of reviews focused on the wide uses of this technology in hematology. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the main CRISPR-based approaches of high throughput screenings applied to this field. Here we explain several libraries and algorithms for analysis of CRISPR screens used in hematology, accompanied by the most relevant databases. Moreover, we focus on (1) the identification of novel modulator genes of drug resistance and efficacy, which could anticipate relapses in patients and (2) new therapeutic targets and synthetic lethal interactions. We also discuss the approaches to uncover novel biomarkers of malignant transformations and immune evasion mechanisms. We explain the current literature in the most common lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms using this tool. Then, we conclude with future directions, highlighting the importance of further gene candidate validation and the integration and harmonization of the data from CRISPR screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ancos-Pintado
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Irene Bragado-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - María Luz Morales
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
| | - Roberto García-Vicente
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrés Arroyo-Barea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - Alba Rodríguez-García
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Medicine School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Linares
- Department of Translational Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H12O-CNIO, CIBERONC, ES 28041 Madrid, Spain; (R.A.-P.); (M.L.M.); (R.G.-V.); (A.R.-G.); (J.M.-L.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
| | - María Hernández-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, ES 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.B.-G.); (A.A.-B.)
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7
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Li J, Hlavka-Zhang J, Shrimp JH, Piper C, Dupéré-Richér D, Roth JS, Jing D, Casellas Román HL, Troche C, Swaroop A, Kulis M, Oyer JA, Will CM, Shen M, Riva A, Bennett RL, Ferrando AA, Hall MD, Lock RB, Licht JD. PRC2 Inhibitors Overcome Glucocorticoid Resistance Driven by NSD2 Mutation in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:186-203. [PMID: 34417224 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in epigenetic regulators are common in relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Here, we uncovered the mechanism underlying the relapse of ALL driven by an activating mutation of the NSD2 histone methyltransferase (p.E1099K). Using high-throughput drug screening, we found that NSD2-mutant cells were specifically resistant to glucocorticoids. Correction of this mutation restored glucocorticoid sensitivity. The transcriptional response to glucocorticoids was blocked in NSD2-mutant cells due to depressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels and the failure of glucocorticoids to autoactivate GR expression. Although H3K27me3 was globally decreased by NSD2 p.E1099K, H3K27me3 accumulated at the NR3C1 (GR) promoter. Pretreatment of NSD2 p.E1099K cell lines and patient-derived xenograft samples with PRC2 inhibitors reversed glucocorticoid resistance in vitro and in vivo. PRC2 inhibitors restored NR3C1 autoactivation by glucocorticoids, increasing GR levels and allowing GR binding and activation of proapoptotic genes. These findings suggest a new therapeutic approach to relapsed ALL associated with NSD2 mutation. SIGNIFICANCE: NSD2 histone methyltransferase mutations observed in relapsed pediatric ALL drove glucocorticoid resistance by repression of the GR and abrogation of GR gene autoactivation due to accumulation of K3K27me3 at its promoter. Pretreatment with PRC2 inhibitors reversed resistance, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to these patients with ALL.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Julia Hlavka-Zhang
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Crissandra Piper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Daphne Dupéré-Richér
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jacob S Roth
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Duohui Jing
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Heidi L Casellas Román
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Catalina Troche
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alok Swaroop
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marta Kulis
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon A Oyer
- Pfizer Inc., Oncology Research and Development, San Diego, California
| | - Christine M Will
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Alberto Riva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Richard L Bennett
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute of Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Richard B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida.
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8
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Ketkar M, Dutt S. Epigenetic Regulation Towards Acquired Drug Resistance in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:473-502. [PMID: 36301503 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance remains the most challenging obstacle in cancer treatment. Substantial efforts and evidences have accumulated over decades suggesting not only genetic but non-genomic mechanisms underlying this adaptation of tumor cells. Alterations in epigenome can have a fundamental effect on cellular functions and response to stresses like anticancer therapy. This chapter discusses the principal mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications in the genome and transcriptome aid tumor cells toward acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Ketkar
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
- ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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9
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Butz H, Patócs A. Mechanisms behind context-dependent role of glucocorticoids in breast cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:803-832. [PMID: 35761157 PMCID: PMC9758252 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs), mostly dexamethasone (dex), are routinely administered as adjuvant therapy to manage side effects in breast cancer. However, recently, it has been revealed that dex triggers different effects and correlates with opposite outcomes depending on the breast cancer molecular subtype. This has raised new concerns regarding the generalized use of GC and suggested that the context-dependent effects of GCs can be taken into potential consideration during treatment design. Based on this, attention has recently been drawn to the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in development and progression of breast cancer. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we aimed to summarize the different mechanisms behind different context-dependent GC actions in breast cancer by applying a multilevel examination, starting from the association of variants of the GR-encoding gene to expression at the mRNA and protein level of the receptor, and its interactions with other factors influencing GC action in breast cancer. The role of GCs in chemosensitivity and chemoresistance observed during breast cancer therapy is discussed. In addition, experiences using GC targeting therapeutic options (already used and investigated in preclinical and clinical trials), such as classic GC dexamethasone, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and modulators, the GC antagonist mifepristone, and GR coregulators, are also summarized. Evidence presented can aid a better understanding of the biology of context-dependent GC action that can lead to further advances in the personalized therapy of breast cancer by the evaluation of GR along with the conventional estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the routine diagnostic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriett Butz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Prekovic S, Schuurman K, Mayayo-Peralta I, Manjón AG, Buijs M, Yavuz S, Wellenstein MD, Barrera A, Monkhorst K, Huber A, Morris B, Lieftink C, Chalkiadakis T, Alkan F, Silva J, Győrffy B, Hoekman L, van den Broek B, Teunissen H, Debets DO, Severson T, Jonkers J, Reddy T, de Visser KE, Faller W, Beijersbergen R, Altelaar M, de Wit E, Medema R, Zwart W. Glucocorticoid receptor triggers a reversible drug-tolerant dormancy state with acquired therapeutic vulnerabilities in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4360. [PMID: 34272384 PMCID: PMC8285479 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) regulates gene expression, governing aspects of homeostasis, but is also involved in cancer. Pharmacological GR activation is frequently used to alleviate therapy-related side-effects. While prior studies have shown GR activation might also have anti-proliferative action on tumours, the underpinnings of glucocorticoid action and its direct effectors in non-lymphoid solid cancers remain elusive. Here, we study the mechanisms of glucocorticoid response, focusing on lung cancer. We show that GR activation induces reversible cancer cell dormancy characterised by anticancer drug tolerance, and activation of growth factor survival signalling accompanied by vulnerability to inhibitors. GR-induced dormancy is dependent on a single GR-target gene, CDKN1C, regulated through chromatin looping of a GR-occupied upstream distal enhancer in a SWI/SNF-dependent fashion. These insights illustrate the importance of GR signalling in non-lymphoid solid cancer biology, particularly in lung cancer, and warrant caution for use of glucocorticoids in treatment of anticancer therapy related side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Prekovic
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Karianne Schuurman
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Mayayo-Peralta
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G Manjón
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Buijs
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selçuk Yavuz
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max D Wellenstein
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, and Centre for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Huber
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Morris
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Robotics and Screening Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Robotics and Screening Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theofilos Chalkiadakis
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ferhat Alkan
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Silva
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary.,TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Mass spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology and BioImaging Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Teunissen
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donna O Debets
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa Severson
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Reddy
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, and Centre for Genomic & Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Centre, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William Faller
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Robotics and Screening Centre, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Mass spectrometry/Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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11
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Gene Transcription as a Therapeutic Target in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147340. [PMID: 34298959 PMCID: PMC8304797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood malignancies often arise from undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells or partially differentiated stem-like cells. A tight balance of multipotency and differentiation, cell division, and quiescence underlying normal hematopoiesis requires a special program governed by the transcriptional machinery. Acquisition of drug resistance by tumor cells also involves reprogramming of their transcriptional landscape. Limiting tumor cell plasticity by disabling reprogramming of the gene transcription is a promising strategy for improvement of treatment outcomes. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms of action of transcription-targeted drugs in hematological malignancies (largely in leukemia) with particular respect to the results of clinical trials.
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12
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Borsini A, Stangl D, Jeffries AR, Pariante CM, Thuret S. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in preventing glucocorticoid-induced reduction in human hippocampal neurogenesis and increase in apoptosis. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:219. [PMID: 32636362 PMCID: PMC7341841 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been suggested to be involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. One of the possible mechanisms through which glucocorticoids contribute to the development of the depressive symptomatology is via regulation of distinct neurogenic mechanisms in the brain. A preventive or protective approach for these patients might be the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are known for they neuroprotective properties. We used the human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC0A07/03C and pre-treated cells with either EPA or DHA, followed by treatment with the glucocorticoid cortisol either alone, or in co-treatment with the same n-3 PUFA during subsequent 3 days of proliferation and 7 days of differentiation. During proliferation, both EPA and DHA were able to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in proliferation and increase in apoptosis, when used in pre-treatment, and both pre- and co-treatment. During differentiation, EPA was able to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in neurogenesis and increase in apoptosis, when used in pre-treatment, and both pre- and co-treatment only during the proliferation stage; however, DHA required continuous treatment also during the differentiation stage to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in neurogenesis. Using transcriptomic analyses, we showed that both EPA and DHA regulated pathways involved in oxidative stress and immune response [e.g., nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Interferon (IFN) and Interleukin (IL)-1 signaling], whereas DHA also regulated pathways involved in cell development and neuronal formation [e.g., cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling]. We provide the first evidence for treatment with both EPA and DHA to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in human hippocampal neurogenesis, and identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borsini
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology & Perinatal Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Doris Stangl
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Carmine M Pariante
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology & Perinatal Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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13
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Autry RJ, Paugh SW, Carter R, Shi L, Liu J, Ferguson DC, Lau CE, Bonten EJ, Yang W, McCorkle JR, Beard JA, Panetta JC, Diedrich JD, Crews KR, Pei D, Coke CJ, Natarajan S, Khatamian A, Karol SE, Lopez-Lopez E, Diouf B, Smith C, Gocho Y, Hagiwara K, Roberts KG, Pounds S, Kornblau SM, Stock W, Paietta EM, Litzow MR, Inaba H, Mullighan CG, Jeha S, Pui CH, Cheng C, Savic D, Yu J, Gawad C, Relling MV, Yang JJ, Evans WE. Integrative genomic analyses reveal mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:329-344. [PMID: 32885175 PMCID: PMC7467080 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0037-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Identification of genomic and epigenomic determinants of drug resistance provides important insights for improving cancer treatment. Using agnostic genome-wide interrogation of mRNA and miRNA expression, DNA methylation, SNPs, CNAs and SNVs/Indels in primary human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, we identified 463 genomic features associated with glucocorticoid resistance. Gene-level aggregation identified 118 overlapping genes, 15 of which were confirmed by genome-wide CRISPR screen. Collectively, this identified 30 of 38 (79%) known glucocorticoid-resistance genes/miRNAs and all 38 known resistance pathways, while revealing 14 genes not previously associated with glucocorticoid-resistance. Single cell RNAseq and network-based transcriptomic modelling corroborated the top previously undiscovered gene, CELSR2. Manipulation of CELSR2 recapitulated glucocorticoid resistance in human leukemia cell lines and revealed a synergistic drug combination (prednisolone and venetoclax) that mitigated resistance in mouse xenograft models. These findings illustrate the power of an integrative genomic strategy for elucidating genes and pathways conferring drug resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Autry
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Steven W Paugh
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert Carter
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel C Ferguson
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Calvin E Lau
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Pediatric Oncology Education Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Erik J Bonten
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Robert McCorkle
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jordan A Beard
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John C Panetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan D Diedrich
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kristine R Crews
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deqing Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christopher J Coke
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sivaraman Natarajan
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alireza Khatamian
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Seth E Karol
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Barthelemy Diouf
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Colton Smith
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Gocho
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kohei Hagiwara
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn G Roberts
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Paietta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, North Division, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Litzow
- Division of Hematology and Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sima Jeha
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Savic
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Charles Gawad
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun J Yang
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - William E Evans
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Center for Precision Medicine in Leukemia, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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14
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Pavlovic S, Kotur N, Stankovic B, Zukic B, Gasic V, Dokmanovic L. Pharmacogenomic and Pharmacotranscriptomic Profiling of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Paving the Way to Personalized Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E191. [PMID: 30832275 PMCID: PMC6471971 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine is focused on research disciplines which contribute to the individualization of therapy, like pharmacogenomics and pharmacotranscriptomics. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy of childhood. It is one of the pediatric malignancies with the highest cure rate, but still a lethal outcome due to therapy accounts for 1%⁻3% of deaths. Further improvement of treatment protocols is needed through the implementation of pharmacogenomics and pharmacotranscriptomics. Emerging high-throughput technologies, including microarrays and next-generation sequencing, have provided an enormous amount of molecular data with the potential to be implemented in childhood ALL treatment protocols. In the current review, we summarized the contribution of these novel technologies to the pharmacogenomics and pharmacotranscriptomics of childhood ALL. We have presented data on molecular markers responsible for the efficacy, side effects, and toxicity of the drugs commonly used for childhood ALL treatment, i.e., glucocorticoids, vincristine, asparaginase, anthracyclines, thiopurines, and methotrexate. Big data was generated using high-throughput technologies, but their implementation in clinical practice is poor. Research efforts should be focused on data analysis and designing prediction models using machine learning algorithms. Bioinformatics tools and the implementation of artificial i Lack of association of the CEP72 rs924607 TT genotype with intelligence are expected to open the door wide for personalized medicine in the clinical practice of childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Pavlovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nikola Kotur
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Stankovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branka Zukic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Gasic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Lidija Dokmanovic
- University Children's Hospital, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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15
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Nettersheim D, Berger D, Jostes S, Skowron M, Schorle H. Deciphering the molecular effects of romidepsin on germ cell tumours: DHRS2 is involved in cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis or induction of romidepsin effectors. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:670-679. [PMID: 30460772 PMCID: PMC6307807 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs) mostly affect young men at age 17‐40. Although high cure rates can be achieved by orchiectomy and chemotherapy, GCTs can still be a lethal threat to young patients with metastases or therapy resistance. Thus, alternative treatment options are needed. Based on studies utilising GCT cell lines, the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin is a promising therapeutic option, showing high toxicity at very low doses towards cisplatin‐resistant GCT cells, but not fibroblasts or Sertoli cells. In this study, we extended our analysis of the molecular effects of romidepsin to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Patients will benefit from these analyses, since detailed knowledge of the romidepsin effects allows for a better risk and side‐effect assessment. We screened for changes in histone acetylation of specific lysine residues and analysed changes in the DNA methylation landscape after romidepsin treatment of the GCT cell lines TCam‐2, 2102EP, NCCIT and JAR, while human fibroblasts were used as controls. In addition, we focused on the role of the dehydrogenase/reductase DHRS2, which was strongly up‐regulated in romidepsin treated cells, by generating DHRS2‐deficient TCam‐2 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. We show that DHRS2 is dispensable for up‐regulation of romidepsin effectors (GADD45B,DUSP1,ZFP36,ATF3,FOS,CDKN1A,ID2) but contributes to induction of cell cycle arrest. Finally, we show that a combinatory treatment of romidepsin plus the gluccocorticoid dexamethasone further boosts expression of the romidepsin effectors and reduces viability of GCT cells more strongly than under single agent treatment. Thus, romidepsin and dexamethasone might represent a new combinatorial approach for treatment of GCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Lab, Translational Urooncology, University Medical School Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Berger
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical School Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sina Jostes
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical School Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Margaretha Skowron
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Lab, Translational Urooncology, University Medical School Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Medical School Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Sequential immunotherapy in a patient with primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma and novel mutations. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20928-20940. [PMID: 29755699 PMCID: PMC5945535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary resistant Hodgkin lymphoma is an aggressive disease with few treatment options and short survival. Neoplastic cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma are heavily dependent on microenvironmental stimuli, regularly express PD-L1, and a relevant proportion of relapsed patients is sensitive to blocking of the PD1/PD-L1 axis. However, response duration is limited and further treatment options are unknown but urgently needed. We report a case of a patient without relevant response to five subsequent chemotherapy regimens who immediately and dramatically responded to an anti-PD1 mab. During the following two years she responded to the anti-CTLA-4 mab ipilimumab, the Jak2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, and a combination of lenalidomide plus cyclophosphamide given in subsequent relapses. A thorough genomic analysis demonstrated seven genomic alterations with six of them not previously described in this disease (i.e. BRIP1 G212fs*62, KRAS L19F, KDM5A R1239W, MYC A59T, ARIDA1A E1683fs*15 and TP53 277Y). Three alterations were considered actionable and one of them drugable. The number of mutations increased over time and the BRIP1 mutation was found to be a germline mutation.
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17
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Stubbs FE, Birnie MT, Biddie SC, Lightman SL, Conway-Campbell BL. SKOV3 cells containing a truncated ARID1a protein have a restricted genome-wide response to glucocorticoids. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:226-235. [PMID: 28942102 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AT-rich interacting domain subunit 1a (ARID1a) is an essential SWI/SNF component frequently mutated in human cancers. ARID1a mutations have also been associated with glucocorticoid resistance, potentially related to the well-established role of the SWI/SNF complex in glucocorticoid target gene regulation. Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones important for regulating many physiological processes through the activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). As GR interacts directly with ARID1a, we hypothesized that a truncating ARID mutation would interfere with GR-dependent gene regulation. Using high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-SEQ) we show a restricted glucocorticoid response in SKOV3 cells, which contain an inactivating ARID1a mutation. We also show a lack of GR binding at the GR-dependent regulatory site in the Period 1 gene, which has previously been shown to require chromatin remodelling. Taken together, our data suggests that ARID1a may be required for regulation of a subset of glucocorticoid responsive genes. In the case of SKOV3 cells, in which ARID1a is mutated, glucocorticoid-dependent transcriptional regulation of these genes is significantly impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Stubbs
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - M T Birnie
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - S C Biddie
- West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Watford General Hospitals, Vicarage Road, Watford, Hertfordshire WD18 0HB, UK.
| | - S L Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
| | - B L Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK.
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18
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Arnaud O, Le Loarer F, Tirode F. BAFfling pathologies: Alterations of BAF complexes in cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 419:266-279. [PMID: 29374542 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To activate or repress specific genes, chromatin is constantly modified by chromatin-remodeling complexes. Among these complexes, the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex, also referred to as BRG1-Associated Factor (BAF) complex, moves the nucleosome along chromatin using energy provided by ATP hydrolysis. In mammalian organisms, the SWI/SNF complex is composed of 10-15 subunits, depending on cell type, and a defect in one of these subunits can have dramatic consequences. In this review we will focus on the alterations identified in the SWI/SNF (BAF) complex subunits that lead to cancerous pathologies. While SMARCB1 was the first mutated subunit to be reported in a majority of malignant rhabdoid tumors, the advent of next-generation sequencing allowed the discovery of mutations in various SWI/SNF subunits within a broad spectrum of cancers. In most cases, the mutation leads to a loss of expression or to a truncated subunit unable to perform its function. Even though it is now commonly acknowledged that approximately 20% of all cancers present a mutation in a SWI/SNF subunit, some cancers are associated to a specific alteration of a SWI/SNF subunit, which acts either as tumor suppressor genes or as oncogenes, and therefore constitute diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Consistently, therapeutic strategies targeting SWI/SNF subunits or the genes affected downstream have been revealed to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophelie Arnaud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France
| | | | - Franck Tirode
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France; Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008, Lyon, France.
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19
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BRG1 regulation by miR-155 in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 19:1010-1017. [PMID: 28251496 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1633-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE BRG1 is a key regulator of leukemia stem cells. Indeed, it has been observed that this type of cells is unable to divide, survive and develop new tumors when BRG1 is down-regulated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed BRG1 and miR-155 expression in 23 leukemia cell lines, and two no pathological lymphocyte samples using qPCR. MiR-155 transfection and western blot were used to analyze the relationship between miR-155 and its validated target, BRG1, by measuring protein expression levels. The effect of miR-155 on cell proliferation and prednisolone sensitivity were studied with resazurin assay. RESULTS BRG1 expression levels could correlate negatively with miR-155 expression levels, at least in Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines. To clarify the role of miR-155 in the regulation of BRG1 expression, we administrated miR-155 mimics in different leukemia/lymphoma cell lines. Our results suggest that miR-155 regulate negatively and significantly the BRG1 expression at least in the MOLT4 cell line. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a previously unknown miR-155 heterogeneity that could result in differences in the treatment with miRNAs in our attempt to inhibit BRG1. However, the expression levels of BRG1 and miR-155, before prednisolone treatment were not statistically significantly associated prednisolone sensitive leukemia cells.
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20
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Romero OA, Verdura S, Torres-Diz M, Gomez A, Moran S, Condom E, Esteller M, Villanueva A, Sanchez-Cespedes M. Sensitization of retinoids and corticoids to epigenetic drugs in MYC-activated lung cancers by antitumor reprogramming. Oncogene 2016; 36:1287-1296. [PMID: 27593925 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, including BRG1 (also SMARCA4), are inactivated in cancer. Among other functions, SWI/SNF orchestrates the response to retinoid acid (RA) and glucocorticoids (GC) involving downregulation of MYC. The epigenetic drugs SAHA and azacytidine, as well as RA and GC, are currently being used to treat some malignancies but their therapeutic potential in lung cancer is not well established. Here we aimed to determine the possible therapeutic effects of azacytidine and SAHA (A/S) alone or in combination with GC plus RA (GC/RA) in lung cancers with either BRG1 inactivation or MYC amplification. In vitro, responses to GC/RA treatment were more effective in MYC-amplified cells. These effects were mediated by BRG1 and involved a reprogramming towards prodifferentiation gene expression signatures and downregulation of MYC. In MYC-amplified cells, administration of GC/RA enhanced the cell growth inhibitory effects of A/S which, in turn, accentuated the prodifferentiation features promoted by GC/RA. Finally, these treatments improved overall survival of mice orthotopically implanted with MYC-amplified, but not BRG1-mutant, cells and reduced tumor cell viability and proliferation. We propose that the combination of epigenetic treatments with retinoids and corticoids of MYC-driven lung tumors constitute a strategy for therapeutic intervention in this otherwise incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Romero
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Verdura
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Torres-Diz
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Gomez
- Cancer Epigenetics Groups, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Moran
- Cancer Epigenetics Groups, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Condom
- Pathology Department, Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Groups, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Villanueva
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sanchez-Cespedes
- Genes and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Wang X, Khatri S, Broaddus R, Wang Z, Hawkins SM. Deletion of Arid1a in Reproductive Tract Mesenchymal Cells Reduces Fertility in Female Mice. Biol Reprod 2016; 94:93. [PMID: 26962117 PMCID: PMC4861168 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.133637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with endometriosis can suffer from decreased fecundity or complete infertility via abnormal oocyte function or impaired placental-uterine interactions required for normal pregnancy establishment and maintenance. Although AT-rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like) (ARID1A) is a putative tumor suppressor in human endometrial cancers and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers, little is known about its role in normal uterine function. To study the potential function of ARID1A in the female reproductive tract, we generated mice with a conditional knockout of Arid1a using anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2-Cre. Female Arid1a conditional knockout mice exhibited a progressive decrease in number of pups per litter, with a precipitous decline after the second litter. We observed no tumors in virgin mice, although one knockout mouse developed a uterine tumor after pregnancy. Unstimulated virgin female knockout mice showed normal oviductal, ovarian, and uterine histology. Uteri of Arid1a knockout mice showed a normal decidualization response and appropriate responses to estradiol and progesterone stimulation. In vitro studies using primary cultures of human endometrial stromal fibroblasts revealed that small interfering RNA knockdown of ARID1A did not affect decidualization in vitro. Timed pregnancy studies revealed the significant resorption of embryos at Embryonic Day 16.5 in knockout mice in the third pregnancy. In addition to evidence of implantation site hemorrhage, pregnant Arid1a knockout mice showed abnormal placental morphology. These results suggest that Arid1a supports successful pregnancy through its role in placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyin Wang
- Indiana University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shikha Khatri
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston, Texas
| | - Russell Broaddus
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhong Wang
- University of Michigan, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shannon M Hawkins
- Indiana University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indianapolis, Indiana
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22
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Epigenomic regulation of oncogenesis by chromatin remodeling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4423-36. [PMID: 26804164 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the intricate gene expression program represents one of major driving factors for the development, progression and maintenance of human cancer, and is often associated with acquired therapeutic resistance. At the molecular level, cancerous phenotypes are the outcome of cellular functions of critical genes, regulatory interactions of histones and chromatin remodeling complexes in response to dynamic and persistent upstream signals. A large body of genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that the chromatin remodelers integrate the extracellular and cytoplasmic signals to control gene activity. Consequently, widespread dysregulation of chromatin remodelers and the resulting inappropriate expression of regulatory genes, together, lead to oncogenesis. We summarize the recent developments and current state of the dysregulation of the chromatin remodeling components as the driving mechanism underlying the growth and progression of human tumors. Because chromatin remodelers, modifying enzymes and protein-protein interactions participate in interpreting the epigenetic code, selective chromatin remodelers and bromodomains have emerged as new frontiers for pharmacological intervention to develop future anti-cancer strategies to be used either as single-agent or in combination therapies with chemotherapeutics or radiotherapy.
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23
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Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are commonly deregulated in the pathogenesis of human cancer and are a major class of cancer cell dependencies. Consequently, targeting of TFs can be highly effective in treating particular malignancies, as highlighted by the clinical efficacy of agents that target nuclear hormone receptors. In this review we discuss recent advances in our understanding of TFs as drug targets in oncology, with an emphasis on the emerging chemical approaches to modulate TF function. The remarkable diversity and potency of TFs as drivers of cell transformation justifies a continued pursuit of TFs as therapeutic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand S. Bhagwat
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Christopher R. Vakoc
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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24
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Paugh SW, Bonten EJ, Savic D, Ramsey LB, Thierfelder WE, Gurung P, Malireddi RKS, Actis M, Mayasundari A, Min J, Coss DR, Laudermilk LT, Panetta JC, McCorkle JR, Fan Y, Crews KR, Stocco G, Wilkinson MR, Ferreira AM, Cheng C, Yang W, Karol SE, Fernandez CA, Diouf B, Smith C, Hicks JK, Zanut A, Giordanengo A, Crona D, Bianchi JJ, Holmfeldt L, Mullighan CG, den Boer ML, Pieters R, Jeha S, Dunwell TL, Latif F, Bhojwani D, Carroll WL, Pui CH, Myers RM, Guy RK, Kanneganti TD, Relling MV, Evans WE. NALP3 inflammasome upregulation and CASP1 cleavage of the glucocorticoid receptor cause glucocorticoid resistance in leukemia cells. Nat Genet 2015; 47:607-14. [PMID: 25938942 PMCID: PMC4449308 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are universally used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and leukemia cell resistant to glucocorticoids confers a poor prognosis. To elucidate mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance, we determined the sensitivity to prednisolone of primary leukemia cells from 444 newly diagnosed ALL patients, revealing significantly higher expression of caspase 1 (CASP1) and its activator NLRP3 in glucocorticoid resistant leukemia cells, due to significantly lower somatic methylation of CASP1 and NLRP3 promoters. Over-expression of CASP1 resulted in cleavage of the glucocorticoid receptor, diminished glucocorticoid-induced transcriptional response and increased glucocorticoid resistance. Knockdown or inhibition of CASP1 significantly increased glucocorticoid receptor levels and mitigated glucocorticoid resistance in CASP1 overexpressing ALL. Our findings establish a new mechanism by which the NLRP3/CASP1 inflammasome modulates cellular levels of the glucocorticoid receptor and diminishes cell sensitivity to glucocorticoids. The broad impact on glucocorticoid transcriptional response suggests this mechanism could also modify glucocorticoid effects in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Paugh
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erik J Bonten
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel Savic
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Laura B Ramsey
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E Thierfelder
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - R K Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcelo Actis
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anand Mayasundari
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David R Coss
- High-Performance Computing Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lucas T Laudermilk
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - John C Panetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Robert McCorkle
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristine R Crews
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark R Wilkinson
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonio M Ferreira
- High-Performance Computing Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth E Karol
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [3] Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christian A Fernandez
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barthelemy Diouf
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Colton Smith
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - J Kevin Hicks
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alessandra Zanut
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Audrey Giordanengo
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel Crona
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joy J Bianchi
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linda Holmfeldt
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Monique L den Boer
- Division of Pediatric Oncology-Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- 1] Division of Pediatric Oncology-Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. [2] Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sima Jeha
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas L Dunwell
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Farida Latif
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Deepa Bhojwani
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William L Carroll
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mary V Relling
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William E Evans
- 1] Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Dirse V, Bertasiute A, Gineikiene E, Zvirblis T, Dambrauskiene R, Gerbutavicius R, Juozaityte E, Malciute L, Paulsson K, Griskevicius L. A population-based single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis of genomic aberrations in younger adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:326-33. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vaidas Dirse
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Agne Bertasiute
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Egle Gineikiene
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Tadas Zvirblis
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos; Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Ruta Dambrauskiene
- Clinics of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Rolandas Gerbutavicius
- Clinics of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Elona Juozaityte
- Clinics of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Ligita Malciute
- Department of Oncohematology; Klaipeda Seamens Hospital; Klaipeda Lithuania
| | - Kajsa Paulsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Laimonas Griskevicius
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos; Vilnius Lithuania
- Department of Internal; Family Medicine and Oncology; Faculty of Medicine; Vilnius University; Vilnius Lithuania
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The roles of SNF2/SWI2 nucleosome remodeling enzymes in blood cell differentiation and leukemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:347571. [PMID: 25789315 PMCID: PMC4348595 DOI: 10.1155/2015/347571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we review the role of sucrose nonfermenting (SNF2) family enzymes in blood cell development. The SNF2 family comprises helicase-like ATPases, originally discovered in yeast, that can remodel chromatin by changing chromatin structure and composition. The human genome encodes 30 different SNF2 enzymes. SNF2 family enzymes are often part of multisubunit chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs), which consist of noncatalytic/auxiliary subunit along with the ATPase subunit. However, blood cells express a limited set of SNF2 ATPases that are necessary to maintain the pool of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and drive normal blood cell development and differentiation. The composition of CRCs can be altered by the association of specific auxiliary subunits. Several auxiliary CRC subunits have specific functions in hematopoiesis. Aberrant expressions of SNF2 ATPases and/or auxiliary CRC subunit(s) are often observed in hematological malignancies. Using large-scale data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) we observed frequent mutations in genes encoding SNF2 helicase-like enzymes and auxiliary CRC subunits in leukemia. Hence, orderly function of SNF2 family enzymes is crucial for the execution of normal blood cell developmental program, and defects in chromatin remodeling caused by mutations or aberrant expression of these proteins may contribute to leukemogenesis.
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27
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Mei L, Ontiveros EP, Griffiths EA, Thompson JE, Wang ES, Wetzler M. Pharmacogenetics predictive of response and toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. Blood Rev 2015; 29:243-9. [PMID: 25614322 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a relatively rare disease in adults accounting for no more than 20% of all cases of acute leukemia. By contrast with the pediatric population, in whom significant improvements in long term survival and even cure have been achieved over the last 30years, adult ALL remains a significant challenge. Overall survival in this group remains a relatively poor 20-40%. Modern research has focused on improved pharmacokinetics, novel pharmacogenetics and personalized principles to optimize the efficacy of the treatment while reducing toxicity. Here we review the pharmacogenetics of medications used in the management of patients with ALL, including l-asparaginase, glucocorticoids, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, vincristine and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Incorporating recent pharmacogenetic data, mainly from pediatric ALL, will provide novel perspective of predicting response and toxicity in both pediatric and adult ALL therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mei
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Evelena P Ontiveros
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Griffiths
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - James E Thompson
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Eunice S Wang
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Meir Wetzler
- Leukemia Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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28
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Shi J, Whyte WA, Zepeda-Mendoza CJ, Milazzo JP, Shen C, Roe JS, Minder JL, Mercan F, Wang E, Eckersley-Maslin MA, Campbell AE, Kawaoka S, Shareef S, Zhu Z, Kendall J, Muhar M, Haslinger C, Yu M, Roeder RG, Wigler MH, Blobel GA, Zuber J, Spector DL, Young RA, Vakoc CR. Role of SWI/SNF in acute leukemia maintenance and enhancer-mediated Myc regulation. Genes Dev 2013; 27:2648-62. [PMID: 24285714 PMCID: PMC3877755 DOI: 10.1101/gad.232710.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently depend on chromatin regulators to maintain their malignant phenotype. Brg1, an ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF, is known to suppress tumor formation in several cell types. Vakoc and colleagues now show that leukemia cells instead rely on Brg1 to support their oncogenic transcriptional program, which includes Myc as a key target. Brg1 is critical to sustain transcription factor occupancy and enable long-range looping interactions with the Myc promoter. These findings thus implicate enhancer-mediated Myc regulation in leukemia pathogenesis. Cancer cells frequently depend on chromatin regulatory activities to maintain a malignant phenotype. Here, we show that leukemia cells require the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex for their survival and aberrant self-renewal potential. While Brg1, an ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF, is known to suppress tumor formation in several cell types, we found that leukemia cells instead rely on Brg1 to support their oncogenic transcriptional program, which includes Myc as one of its key targets. To account for this context-specific function, we identify a cluster of lineage-specific enhancers located 1.7 Mb downstream from Myc that are occupied by SWI/SNF as well as the BET protein Brd4. Brg1 is required at these distal elements to maintain transcription factor occupancy and for long-range chromatin looping interactions with the Myc promoter. Notably, these distal Myc enhancers coincide with a region that is focally amplified in ∼3% of acute myeloid leukemias. Together, these findings define a leukemia maintenance function for SWI/SNF that is linked to enhancer-mediated gene regulation, providing general insights into how cancer cells exploit transcriptional coactivators to maintain oncogenic gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Shi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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29
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Wang X, Haswell JR, Roberts CWM. Molecular pathways: SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes are frequently mutated in cancer--mechanisms and potential therapeutic insights. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:21-7. [PMID: 24122795 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are pleomorphic multisubunit cellular machines that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to modulate chromatin structure. The complexes interact with transcription factors at promoters and enhancers to modulate gene expression and contribute to lineage specification, differentiation, and development. Initial clues to a role in tumor suppression for SWI/SNF complexes came over a decade ago when the gene encoding the SMARCB1/SNF5 core subunit was found specifically inactivated in nearly all pediatric rhabdoid tumors. In the last three years, cancer-genome sequencing efforts have revealed an unexpectedly high mutation rate of SWI/SNF subunit genes, which are collectively mutated in 20% of all human cancers and approach the frequency of p53 mutations. Here, we provide a background on these newly recognized tumor suppressor complexes, discuss mechanisms implicated in the tumor suppressor activity, and highlight findings that may lead to potential therapeutic targets for SWI/SNF-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gagné V, Rousseau J, Labuda M, Sharif-Askari B, Brukner I, Laverdière C, Ceppi F, Sallan SE, Silverman LB, Neuberg D, Kutok JL, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. Bim polymorphisms: influence on function and response to treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5240-9. [PMID: 23908358 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corticosteroids induce apoptosis in the malignant lymphoid cells and are critical component of combination therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Several genome-wide microarray studies showed major implication of proapoptotic Bim in mediating corticosteroid-related resistance in leukemia cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated Bim gene polymorphisms and their association with childhood ALL outcome, and the mechanism underlying the observed finding. RESULTS Lower overall survival (OS) was associated with Bim C29201T located in Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain (P = 0.01). An association remained significant in multivariate model (P = 0.007), was more apparent in high-risk patients (P = 0.004) and patients treated with dexamethasone (P = 0.009), and was subsequently confirmed in the replication patient cohort (P = 0.03). RNA analysis revealed that C29201T affects generation of γ isoforms (γ1) that lack proapoptotic BH3 domain. The phenotypic effect was minor suggesting the influence of additional factors that may act in conjunction with Bim genotype. Combined analysis with Mcl gene polymorphism (G-486T) revealed profound reduction in OS in individuals with both risk genotypes (P < 0.0005 in discovery and P = 0.002 in replication cohort) and particularly in high-risk patients (P ≤ 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of prosurvival Mcl1 and presence of Bim isoforms lacking proapoptotic function might explain marked reduction of OS in a disease and dose-dependent manner in ALL patients carrying Bim- and Mcl1-risk genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gagné
- Authors' Affiliations: Charles Bruneau Cancer Center, Research Center CHU Sainte-Justine; Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Montreal; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Pediatric Oncology and Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital; and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Fadare O, Gwin K, Desouki MM, Crispens MA, Jones HW, Khabele D, Liang SX, Zheng W, Mohammed K, Hecht JL, Parkash V. The clinicopathologic significance of p53 and BAF-250a (ARID1A) expression in clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:1101-10. [PMID: 23524907 PMCID: PMC3886836 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TP53 mutation (and associated p53 protein overexpression) is probably a negative prognostic marker in endometrial cancers, but its relevance in the rarer histologic subtypes, including clear cell carcinomas, has not been delineated. Preclinical studies suggest functional interactions between p53 and the BAF250a protein, the product of a tumor suppressor gene ARID1A (adenine-thymine (AT)-rich interactive domain containing protein 1A) that is frequently mutated in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated the significance of p53 and BAF250a expression, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, in a group of 50 endometrial clear cell carcinomas. Of 50 cases, 17 (34%) were p53+, and the remaining 33 cases had a p53 wild-type (p53-wt) immunophenotype. Of the 11 relapses/recurrences in the entire data set, 73% were in the p53+ group (P=0.008). On univariate analyses, the median overall survival for the p53-wt patients (83 months) was longer than the p53+ patients (63 months) (P=0.07), and the median progression-free survival for the p53-wt group (88 months) was significantly longer than the p53+ group (56 months) (P=0.01). On multivariate analyses, p53 expression was not associated with reduced overall or progression-free survival. In addition, p53 status was not significantly associated with pathologic stage or morphologic patterns. Of the 50 cases, 10 (20%) showed a complete loss of BAF250a expression. There was no significant correlation between p53 and BAF250a expression. The p53+/BAF250a-, p53+/BAF250a+, p53-wt/BAF250a+ and p53-wt/BAF250a- composite immunophenotypes were identified in 8%, 26%, 54% and 12% of cases, respectively, and neither loss of BAF250a expression nor composite p53/BAF250a expression patterns were associated with reduced overall or progression-free survival. In conclusion, a significant subset of CCC express p53, and these cases are apparently not definable by their morphologic features. P53 expression may be a negative prognostic factor in this histotype, and warrants additional studies. Loss of BAF250a expression has no prognostic significance in endometrial clear cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Katja Gwin
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mohamed M. Desouki
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Marta A. Crispens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Howard W. Jones
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Dineo Khabele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Sharon X. Liang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, North Shore-LIJ Health System and Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Wenxin Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ
| | - Khaled Mohammed
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan L. Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vinita Parkash
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA and Department of Pathology, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT
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32
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Iwagami Y, Eguchi H, Nagano H, Akita H, Hama N, Wada H, Kawamoto K, Kobayashi S, Tomokuni A, Tomimaru Y, Mori M, Doki Y. miR-320c regulates gemcitabine-resistance in pancreatic cancer via SMARCC1. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:502-11. [PMID: 23799850 PMCID: PMC3721395 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, the issue of resistance remains unresolved. The aim of this study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that govern the resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Methods: miRNA microarray analysis using gemcitabine-resistant clones of MiaPaCa2 (MiaPaCa2-RGs), PSN1 (PSN1-RGs), and their parental cells (MiaPaCa2-P, PSN1-P) was conducted. Changes in the anti-cancer effects of gemcitabine were studied after gain/loss-of-function analysis of the candidate miRNA. Further assessment of the putative target gene was performed in vitro and in 66 pancreatic cancer clinical samples. Results: miR-320c expression was significantly higher in MiaPaCa2-RGs and PSN1-RGs than in their parental cells. miR-320c induced resistance to gemcitabine in MiaPaCa2. Further experiments showed that miR-320c-related resistance to gemcitabine was mediated through SMARCC1, a core subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. In addition, clinical examination revealed that only SMARCC1-positive patients benefited from gemcitabine therapy with regard to survival after recurrence (P=0.0463). Conclusion: The results indicate that miR-320c regulates the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine through SMARCC1, suggesting that miR-320c/SMARCC1 could be suitable for prediction of the clinical response and potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer patients on gemcitabine-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iwagami
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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The SWI/SNF genetic blockade: effects in cell differentiation, cancer and developmental diseases. Oncogene 2013; 33:2681-9. [PMID: 23752187 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our rapidly growing knowledge about cancer genetics attests to the widespread occurrence of alterations at genes encoding different components of the SWI/SNF complex. This reveals an important new feature that sustains cancer development: the blockade of chromatin remodeling. Here, we provide an overview of our current knowledge on the gene alterations of chromatin-remodeling factors, and how they relate to cancer and human developmental diseases. We also consider the functional repercussions, particularly how the inactivation of the SWI/SNF complex impairs the appropriate cell response to nuclear receptor signaling, which, in turn, prevents cell differentiation and sustains cell growth independently of the environment.
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34
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Ducassou S, Pérel Y. Curing acute lymphoblastic leukemia and avoiding osteonecrosis: can't we have it all? Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:713-4. [PMID: 23335158 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Ducassou
- Unit of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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35
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Xu H, Yang W, Perez-Andreu V, Devidas M, Fan Y, Cheng C, Pei D, Scheet P, Burchard EG, Eng C, Huntsman S, Torgerson DG, Dean M, Winick NJ, Martin PL, Camitta BM, Bowman WP, Willman CL, Carroll WL, Mullighan CG, Bhojwani D, Hunger SP, Pui CH, Evans WE, Relling MV, Loh ML, Yang JJ. Novel susceptibility variants at 10p12.31-12.2 for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in ethnically diverse populations. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:733-42. [PMID: 23512250 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children and the incidence of ALL varies by ethnicity. Although accumulating evidence indicates inherited predisposition to ALL, the genetic basis of ALL susceptibility in diverse ancestry has not been comprehensively examined. METHODS We performed a multiethnic genome-wide association study in 1605 children with ALL and 6661 control subjects after adjusting for population structure, with validation in three replication series of 845 case subjects and 4316 control subjects. Association was tested by two-sided logistic regression. RESULTS A novel ALL susceptibility locus at 10p12.31-12.2 (BMI1-PIP4K2A, rs7088318, P = 1.1 × 10(-11)) was identified in the genome-wide association study, with independent replication in European Americans, African Americans, and Hispanic Americans (P = .001, .009, and .04, respectively). Association was also validated at four known ALL susceptibility loci: ARID5B, IKZF1, CEBPE, and CDKN2A/2B. Associations at ARID5B, IKZF1, and BMI1-PIP4K2A variants were consistent across ethnicity, with multiple independent signals at IKZF1 and BMI1-PIP4K2A loci. The frequency of ARID5B and BMI1-PIP4K2A variants differed by ethnicity, in parallel with ethnic differences in ALL incidence. Suggestive evidence for modifying effects of age on genetic predisposition to ALL was also observed. ARID5B, IKZF1, CEBPE, and BMI1-PIP4K2A variants cumulatively conferred strong predisposition to ALL, with children carrying six to eight copies of risk alleles at a ninefold (95% confidence interval = 6.9 to 11.8) higher ALL risk relative to those carrying zero to one risk allele at these four single nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate strong associations between inherited genetic variation and ALL susceptibility in children and shed new light on ALL molecular etiology in diverse ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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Stocco G, Franca R, Verzegnassi F, Londero M, Rabusin M, Decorti G. Multilocus genotypes of relevance for drug metabolizing enzymes and therapy with thiopurines in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Genet 2013; 3:309. [PMID: 23335936 PMCID: PMC3538559 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilocus genotypes have been shown to be of relevance for using pharmacogenomic principles to individualize drug therapy. As it relates to thiopurine therapy, genetic polymorphisms of TPMT are strongly associated with the pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of thiopurines (mercaptopurine and azathioprine), influencing their toxicity and efficacy. We have recently demonstrated that TPMT and ITPA genotypes constitute a multilocus genotype of pharmacogenetic relevance for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving thiopurine therapy. The use of high-throughput genomic analysis allows identification of additional candidate genetic factors associated with pharmacogenetic phenotypes, such as TPMT enzymatic activity: PACSIN2 polymorphisms have been identified by a genome-wide analysis, combining evaluation of polymorphisms and gene expression, as a significant determinant of TPMT activity in the HapMap CEU cell lines and the effects of PACSIN2 on TPMT activity and mercaptopurine induced adverse effects were confirmed in children with ALL. Combination of genetic factors of relevance for thiopurine metabolizing enzyme activity, based on the growing understanding of their association with drug metabolism and efficacy, is particularly promising for patients with pediatric ALL. The knowledge basis and clinical applications for multilocus genotypes of importance for therapy with mercaptopurine in pediatric ALL is discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, TN, USA ; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste Trieste, Italy
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Treon SP, Xu L, Yang G, Zhou Y, Liu X, Cao Y, Sheehy P, Manning RJ, Patterson CJ, Tripsas C, Arcaini L, Pinkus GS, Rodig SJ, Sohani AR, Harris NL, Laramie JM, Skifter DA, Lincoln SE, Hunter ZR. MYD88 L265P somatic mutation in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:826-33. [PMID: 22931316 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1200710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 880] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is an incurable, IgM-secreting lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). The underlying mutation in this disorder has not been delineated. METHODS We performed whole-genome sequencing of bone marrow LPL cells in 30 patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, with paired normal-tissue and tumor-tissue sequencing in 10 patients. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the findings in samples from an expanded cohort of patients with LPL, those with other B-cell disorders that have some of the same features as LPL, and healthy donors. RESULTS Among the patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, a somatic variant (T→C) in LPL cells was identified at position 38182641 at 3p22.2 in the samples from all 10 patients with paired tissue samples and in 17 of 20 samples from patients with unpaired samples. This variant predicted an amino acid change (L265P) in MYD88, a mutation that triggers IRAK-mediated NF-κB signaling. Sanger sequencing identified MYD88 L265P in tumor samples from 49 of 54 patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and in 3 of 3 patients with non-IgM-secreting LPL (91% of all patients with LPL). MYD88 L265P was absent in paired normal tissue samples from patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia or non-IgM LPL and in B cells from healthy donors and was absent or rarely expressed in samples from patients with multiple myeloma, marginal-zone lymphoma, or IgM monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. Inhibition of MYD88 signaling reduced IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, as well as NF-κB nuclear staining, in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia cells expressing MYD88 L265P. Somatic variants in ARID1A in 5 of 30 patients (17%), leading to a premature stop or frameshift, were also identified and were associated with an increased disease burden. In addition, 2 of 3 patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia who had wild-type MYD88 had somatic variants in MLL2. CONCLUSIONS MYD88 L265P is a commonly recurring mutation in patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia that can be useful in differentiating Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and non-IgM LPL from B-cell disorders that have some of the same features. (Funded by the Peter and Helen Bing Foundation and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Treon
- Bing Center for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, M547, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Haskins WE, Eedala S, Jadhav YA, Labhan MS, Pericherla VC, Perlman EJ. Insights on neoplastic stem cells from gel-based proteomics of childhood germ cell tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58:722-8. [PMID: 21793190 PMCID: PMC3204330 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood germ cell tumors (cGCTs), believed to arise from transformed primordial germ cells by an unknown mechanism, provide a unique model system for investigating cell signaling, pluripotency, and the microenvironment of neoplastic stem cells (NSCs) in vivo. This is the first report of proteomics of cGCTs. PROCEDURE Four dysgerminomas (DYSs) and four childhood endodermal sinus tumors (cESTs), resembling self-renewing and differentiating NSCs, respectively, were selected. Proteomic studies were performed by 2-DE, SDS-PAGE, and cLC/MS/MS with protein database searching. RESULTS 2-DE: 9 of 941 spots were differentially regulated with greater than a twofold change in spot volume for at least three of four gels in each group. Two of nine spots had P values for the t-test analysis of comparisons less than 0.001, while the remaining spots had P values from 0.013 to 0.191. Top-ranked proteins were identified in nine of nine spots with 4.0-38% sequence coverage. APOA1, CRK, and PDIA3 were up-regulated in cESTs. TFG, TYMP, VCP, RBBP, FKBP4, and BiP were up-regulated in DYSs. SDS-PAGE: Up-regulation of NF45 and FKBP4 was observed in four of four cESTs and DYSs, respectively. The fold-changes observed correspond with characteristic genetic changes. CONCLUSION Differential regulation of FKBP4 and NF45, combined with previous research on immunosuppressant binding, suggests that glucocorticoid receptor signaling merits further investigation in cGCTs and NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E. Haskins
- Pediatric Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of RCMI Proteomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Protein Biomarkers Cores, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Research & Training in the Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229,Correspondence: William E. Haskins, Ph.D., Dept. of Biology-BSE 3.108A, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0662, , Phone: (210)563-4492, Fax: (210)458-5658
| | - Sruthi Eedala
- Pediatric Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of RCMI Proteomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Protein Biomarkers Cores, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Research & Training in the Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249
| | - Y.L. Avinash Jadhav
- Pediatric Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of RCMI Proteomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Protein Biomarkers Cores, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Research & Training in the Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249
| | - Manbir S. Labhan
- Pediatric Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of RCMI Proteomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Protein Biomarkers Cores, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Research & Training in the Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249
| | - Vidya C. Pericherla
- Pediatric Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of RCMI Proteomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Department of Protein Biomarkers Cores, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, Center for Research & Training in the Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249
| | - Elizabeth J. Perlman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine and Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, 60614
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Abstract
SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to remodel nucleosomes and to modulate transcription. Growing evidence indicates that these complexes have a widespread role in tumour suppression, as inactivating mutations in several SWI/SNF subunits have recently been identified at a high frequency in a variety of cancers. However, the mechanisms by which mutations in these complexes drive tumorigenesis are unclear. In this Review we discuss the contributions of SWI/SNF mutations to cancer formation, examine their normal functions and discuss opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions for SWI/SNF-mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris G Wilson
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Iudicibus SD, Franca R, Martelossi S, Ventura A, Decorti G. Molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid resistance in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1095-108. [PMID: 21448414 PMCID: PMC3063901 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i9.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely employed in a number of inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, and, despite the introduction of novel therapies, remain the first-line treatment for inducing remission in moderate to severe active Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite their extensive therapeutic use and the proven effectiveness, considerable clinical evidence of wide inter-individual differences in GC efficacy among patients has been reported, in particular when these agents are used in inflammatory diseases. In recent years, a detailed knowledge of the GC mechanism of action and of the genetic variants affecting GC activity at the molecular level has arisen from several studies. GCs interact with their cytoplasmic receptor, and are able to repress inflammatory gene expression through several distinct mechanisms. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is therefore crucial for the effects of these agents: mutations in the GR gene (NR3C1, nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) are the primary cause of a rare, inherited form of GC resistance; in addition, several polymorphisms of this gene have been described and associated with GC response and toxicity. However, the GR is not self-standing in the cell and the receptor-mediated functions are the result of a complex interplay of GR and many other cellular partners. The latter comprise several chaperonins of the large cooperative hetero-oligomeric complex that binds the hormone-free GR in the cytosol, and several factors involved in the transcriptional machinery and chromatin remodeling, that are critical for the hormonal control of target genes transcription in the nucleus. Furthermore, variants in the principal effectors of GCs (e.g. cytokines and their regulators) have also to be taken into account for a comprehensive evaluation of the variability in GC response. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the transport and/or metabolism of these hormones have also been suggested as other possible candidates of interest that could play a role in the observed inter-individual differences in efficacy and toxicity. The best-characterized example is the drug efflux pump P-glycoprotein, a membrane transporter that extrudes GCs from cells, thereby lowering their intracellular concentration. This protein is encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene; this gene presents different known polymorphic sites that can influence its expression and function. This editorial reviews the current knowledge on this topic and underlines the role of genetics in predicting GC clinical response. The ambitious goal of pharmacogenomic studies is to adapt therapies to a patient’s specific genetic background, thus improving on efficacy and safety rates.
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Yang JJ, Mehta PA, Relling MV, Davies SM. Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacogenomic Considerations in the Biology and Treatment of Childhood Leukemia. CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13781-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The therapeutic index of many medications, especially in children, is very narrow with substantial risk for toxicity at doses required for therapeutic effects. This is particularly relevant to cancer chemotherapy, when the risk of toxicity must be balanced against potential suboptimal (low) systemic exposure that can be less effective in patients with higher rates of drug clearance. The purpose of this review is to discuss genetic factors that lead to interpatient differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these medications. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide agonistic studies of pediatric patient populations are revealing genome variations that may affect susceptibility to specific diseases and that influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of medications. Several genetic factors with relatively small effect may be combined in the determination of a pharmacogenomic phenotype and considering these polygenic models may be mandatory in order to predict the related drug response phenotypes. These findings have potential to yield new insights into disease pathogenesis, and lead to molecular diagnostics that can be used to optimize the treatment of childhood cancers. SUMMARY Advances in genome technology, and their comprehensive and systematic deployment to elucidate the genomic basis of interpatient differences in drug response and disease risk, hold great promise to ultimately enhance the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of drug therapy in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Paugh
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - William E. Evans
- Hematological Malignancies Program and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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Kfir-Erenfeld S, Sionov RV, Spokoini R, Cohen O, Yefenof E. Protein kinase networks regulating glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of hematopoietic cancer cells: fundamental aspects and practical considerations. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1968-2005. [PMID: 20849387 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.506570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are integral components in the treatment protocols of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma owing to their ability to induce apoptosis of these malignant cells. Resistance to GC therapy is associated with poor prognosis. Although they have been used in clinics for decades, the signal transduction pathways involved in GC-induced apoptosis have only partly been resolved. Accumulating evidence shows that this cell death process is mediated by a communication between nuclear GR affecting gene transcription of pro-apoptotic genes such as Bim, mitochondrial GR affecting the physiology of the mitochondria, and the protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), which interacts with Bim following exposure to GCs. Prevention of Bim up-regulation, mitochondrial GR translocation, and/or GSK3 activation are common causes leading to GC therapy failure. Various protein kinases positively regulating the pro-survival Src-PI3K-Akt-mTOR and Raf-Ras-MEK-ERK signal cascades have been shown to be activated in malignant leukemic cells and antagonize GC-induced apoptosis by inhibiting GSK3 activation and Bim expression. Targeting these protein kinases has proven effective in sensitizing GR-positive malignant lymphoid cells to GC-induced apoptosis. Thus, intervening with the pro-survival kinase network in GC-resistant cells should be a good means of improving GC therapy of hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Kfir-Erenfeld
- The Lautenberg Center of Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Epigenetic silencing of BIM in glucocorticoid poor-responsive pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and its reversal by histone deacetylase inhibition. Blood 2010; 116:3013-22. [PMID: 20647567 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-284968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids play a critical role in the therapy of lymphoid malignancies, including pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), although the mechanisms underlying cellular resistance remain unclear. We report glucocorticoid resistance attributable to epigenetic silencing of the BIM gene in pediatric ALL biopsies and xenografts established in immune-deficient mice from direct patient explants as well as a therapeutic approach to reverse resistance in vivo. Glucocorticoid resistance in ALL xenografts was consistently associated with failure to up-regulate BIM expression after dexamethasone exposure despite confirmation of a functional glucocorticoid receptor. Although a comprehensive assessment of BIM CpG island methylation revealed no consistent changes, glucocorticoid resistance in xenografts and patient biopsies significantly correlated with decreased histone H3 acetylation. Moreover, the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat relieved BIM repression and exerted synergistic antileukemic efficacy with dexamethasone in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide a novel therapeutic strategy to reverse glucocorticoid resistance and improve outcome for high-risk pediatric ALL.
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Meeker ND, Yang JJ, Schiffman JD. Pharmacogenomics of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11:1621-32. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2010.484019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nicholson L, Hall AG, Redfern CP, Irving J. NFkappaB modulators in a model of glucocorticoid resistant, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1366-73. [PMID: 20106524 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are pivotal agents in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) but the molecular basis of GC-resistance remains unclear. Expression-array studies have shown that commonly upregulated genes associated with GC-sensitivity include GR, glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) and IkappaBalpha, which all negatively interact with components of the pro-survival NFkappaB pathway and therefore may be critical determinants of GC-sensitivity. We have investigated these regulators and their effect on NFkappaB activity in GC-resistant descendents of the B-lineage ALL cell line, PreB 697. We show that while differential up regulation of the modulators (GILZ, GR and IkappaBalpha) was demonstrated in GC-sensitive compared to GC-resistant sub-lines, this was not coupled with altered nuclear translocation or functionality of the RelA, p50 or c-Rel subunits of NFkappaB. Thus, GC-resistance in the PreB 697 cell line model is not mediated by NFkappaB, however further investigation of the impact of these GC-sensitive associated proteins on other survival pathways, such as the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Nicholson
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK
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Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults is a heterogeneous malignant pathology with a globally unfavorable prognosis. The classification of AML allows identification of subgroups with favorable prognosis. However, besides these specific subgroups, most patients will have an intermediate or unfavorable prognosis often resulting in induction failure, probably due to drug resistance of the leukemic blasts, and more frequently resulting in early relapse after achieving complete remission. This unfavorable situation leads to a strong need to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic options. However, development of these therapies and their efficient use requires a better understanding of the biology and the molecular pathogenesis of AML. Pharmacogenomics focuses on the genetic variation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, targets and transporters, and how these genetic variations interact to produce specific drug-related phenotypes. Potential genetic markers may serve to functionally subclassify patients by their disease and therefore influence the nature and intensity of treatment. This review summarizes important aspects of and recent advances in the field of pharmacogenomics in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meyling H Cheok
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, INSERM U837, Institute for Cancer Research, 1 Place de Verdun, F-59045 Lille Cedex, France
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Weissman B, Knudsen KE. Hijacking the chromatin remodeling machinery: impact of SWI/SNF perturbations in cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8223-30. [PMID: 19843852 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that alterations in chromatin remodeling play a significant role in human disease. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex family mobilizes nucleosomes and functions as a master regulator of gene expression and chromatin dynamics whose functional specificity is driven by combinatorial assembly of a central ATPase and association with 10 to 12 unique subunits. Although the biochemical consequence of SWI/SNF in model systems has been extensively reviewed, the present article focuses on the evidence linking SWI/SNF perturbations to cancer initiation and tumor progression in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Weissman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory and Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Wang X, Sansam CG, Thom CS, Metzger D, Evans JA, Nguyen PTL, Roberts CWM. Oncogenesis caused by loss of the SNF5 tumor suppressor is dependent on activity of BRG1, the ATPase of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8094-101. [PMID: 19789351 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in chromatin play an important role in oncogenic transformation, although the underlying mechanisms are often poorly understood. The SWI/SNF complex contributes to epigenetic regulation by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to remodel chromatin and thus regulate transcription of target genes. SNF5, a core subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, is a potent tumor suppressor that is specifically inactivated in several types of human cancer. However, the mechanism by which SNF5 mutation leads to cancer and the role of SNF5 within the SWI/SNF complex remain largely unknown. It has been hypothesized that oncogenesis in the absence of SNF5 occurs due to a loss of function of the SWI/SNF complex. Here, we show, however, distinct effects for inactivation of Snf5 and the ATPase subunit Brg1 in primary cells. Further, using both human cell lines and mouse models, we show that cancer formation in the absence of SNF5 does not result from SWI/SNF inactivation but rather that oncogenesis is dependent on continued presence of BRG1. Collectively, our results show that cancer formation in the absence of SNF5 is dependent on the activity of the residual BRG1-containing SWI/SNF complex. These findings suggest that, much like the concept of oncogene addiction, targeted inhibition of SWI/SNF ATPase activity may be an effective therapeutic approach for aggressive SNF5-deficient human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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