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Mohamed M, Ahmed M, Williams AM, Gilmore N, Lin PJ, Yilmaz S, Jensen-Battaglia M, Mustian K, Janelsins M, Mohile S. A scoping review evaluating physical and cognitive functional outcomes in cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy: charting progress since the 2018 NCI think tank on cancer and aging phenotypes. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-024-01589-0. [PMID: 38743185 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary goal of this scoping review was to summarize the literature published after the 2018 National Cancer Institute think tank, "Measuring Aging and Identifying Aging Phenotypes in Cancer Survivors," on physical and cognitive functional outcomes among cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy. We focused on the influence of chemotherapy on aging-related outcomes (i.e., physical functional outcomes, cognitive functional outcomes, and frailty), given the known associations between chemotherapy and biologic mechanisms that affect aging-related physiologic processes. METHODS A search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for manuscripts published between August 2018 and July 2023. Eligible studies: 1) included physical function, cognitive function, and/or frailty as outcomes; 2) included cancer survivors (as either the whole sample or a subgroup); 3) reported on physical or cognitive functional outcomes and/or frailty related to chemotherapy treatment (as either the whole sample or a subgroup); and 4) were observational in study design. RESULTS The search yielded 989 potentially relevant articles, of which 65 met the eligibility criteria. Of the 65 studies, 49 were longitudinal, and 16 were cross-sectional; 30 studies (46%) focused on breast cancer, 20 studies (31%) focused on the age group 60 + years, and 17 (26%) focused on childhood cancer survivors. With regards to outcomes, 82% of 23 studies reporting on physical function showed reduced physical function, 74% of 39 studies reporting on cognitive functional outcomes found reduced cognitive function, and 80% of 15 studies reporting on frailty found increasing frailty among cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy over time and/or compared to individuals not treated with chemotherapy. Fourteen studies (22%) evaluated biologic mechanisms and their relationship to aging-related outcomes. Inflammation was consistently associated with worsening physical and cognitive functional outcomes and epigenetic age increases. Further, DNA damage was consistently associated with worse aging-related outcomes. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy is associated with reduced physical function, reduced cognitive function, and an increase in frailty in cancer survivors; these associations were demonstrated in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. Inflammation and epigenetic age acceleration are associated with worse physical and cognitive function; prospective observational studies with multiple time points are needed to confirm these findings. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS This scoping review highlights the need for interventions to prevent declines in physical and cognitive function in cancer survivors who have received chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mustafa Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Nikesha Gilmore
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Po-Ju Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sule Yilmaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Karen Mustian
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Supriya Mohile
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 702, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Nudelman K, Nho K, Zhang M, McDonald BC, Zhai W, Small BJ, Wegel CE, Jacobsen PB, Jim HSL, Patel SK, Graham DMA, Ahles TA, Root JC, Foroud T, Breen EC, Carroll JE, Mandelblatt JS, Saykin AJ. Genetic Variants Associated with Longitudinal Cognitive Performance in Older Breast Cancer Patients and Controls. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2877. [PMID: 37296840 PMCID: PMC10252108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There have been no published genome-wide studies of the genetics of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive decline (CRCD); the purpose of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with CRCD in older female breast cancer survivors. Methods: Analyses included white non-Hispanic women with non-metastatic breast cancer aged 60+ (N = 325) and age-, racial/ethnic group-, and education-matched controls (N = 340) with pre-systemic treatment and one-year follow-up cognitive assessment. CRCD was evaluated using longitudinal domain scores on cognitive tests of attention, processing speed, and executive function (APE), and learning and memory (LM). Linear regression models of one-year cognition included an interaction term for SNP or gene SNP enrichment*cancer case/control status, controlling for demographic variables and baseline cognition. Results: Cancer patients carrying minor alleles for two SNPs, rs76859653 (chromosome 1) in the hemicentin 1 (HMCN1) gene (p = 1.624 × 10-8), and rs78786199 (chromosome 2, p = 1.925 × 10-8) in an intergenic region had lower one-year APE scores than non-carriers and controls. Gene-level analyses showed the POC5 centriolar protein gene was enriched for SNPs associated with differences in longitudinal LM performance between patients and controls. Conclusions: The SNPs associated with cognition in survivors, but not controls, were members of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family, that play important roles in cell signaling, cancer risk, and neurodegeneration. These findings provide preliminary evidence that novel genetic loci may contribute to susceptibility to CRCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Nudelman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Genetics Biobank, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Genetics Biobank, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wanting Zhai
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Brent J. Small
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Claire E. Wegel
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Genetics Biobank, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Paul B. Jacobsen
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Studies, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather S. L. Jim
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sunita K. Patel
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Deena M. A. Graham
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Tim A. Ahles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James C. Root
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Genetics Biobank, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Breen
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Judith E. Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeanne S. Mandelblatt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Saita K, Amano S, Kaneko F, Okamura H. A scoping review of cognitive assessment tools and domains for chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments in cancer survivors. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1063674. [PMID: 36891148 PMCID: PMC9987518 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1063674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Cancer survivors suffer from specific symptoms known as chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments (CICIs). CICIs are difficult to capture with existing assessments such as the brief screening test for dementia. Although recommended neuropsychological tests (NPTs) exist, international consensus and shared cognitive domains of assessment tools are unknown. The aim of this scoping review was as follows: (1) to identify studies that assess CICIs in cancer survivors; (2) to identify shared cognitive assessment tools and domains by mapping the domains reported in studies using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. Methods The study followed the recommendations made by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We searched the following three databases through October 2021: PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Prospective longitudinal or cross-sectional studies were selected to determine CICI-specific assessment tools for adult cancer survivors. Results Sixty-four prospective studies (36 longitudinal studies and 28 cross-sectional studies) were included after checking for eligibility. The NPTs were divided into seven main cognitive domains. The specific mental functions were often used in the order of memory, attention, higher-level cognitive functions, and psychomotor functions. Perceptual functions were used less frequently. In some ICF domains, shared NPTs were not clearly identified. In some different domains, the same NPTs were used, such as the trail making test and the verbal fluency test. When the association between the publishing year and the amount of NPT use was examined, it was found that the amount of tool use tended to decline over the publication years. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive function (FACT-Cog) was a shared consensus tool among the patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Conclusion Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments are currently gaining interest. Shared ICF domains such as memory and attention were identified for NPTs. There was a gap between the publicly recommended tools and the tools actually used in the studies. For PROs, a clearly shared tool, FACT-Cog, was identified. Mapping the domains reported in studies using the ICF can help in the process of reviewing consensus on which NPTs may be used to target cognitive domains. Systematic review registration https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053710, identifier UMIN000047104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Saita
- Department of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoru Amano
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kaneko
- Department of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamura
- Department of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Li X, Ma C. Alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein (AHSG) a potential biomarker associated with prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: The PROPOLIS study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e878. [PMID: 36262809 PMCID: PMC9576116 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is the third common pathological subtype in renal cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of specific genetic characteristics of chRCC are currently unclear. In this study, protein expression profiles, gene ontology (GO), and survival plots were provided by integrated bioinformatics analysis to investigate key genes associated with the mechanism of tumorigenesis and prognosis of chRCC. METHODS The chRCC data set of gene expression profiles and clinical data were obtained from the gdc-client (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov) deposited on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chRCC, compared with normal samples, were analyzed by R packages "DESeq2," "edgeR," and "limma." Heat maps, volcano plots, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed for integrated analyses. GUniGO, mutant analysis, and survival plots were performed by R packages. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was generated and analyzed by R packages, online String software, and Cytoscape software. Survival analysis and gene expressing comparison in tumor and normal samples were used to detect the core genes of chRCC. Furthermore, the top interacting proteins were reanalyzed. RESULTS A total of 306 upregulated genes and 678 downregulated genes were identified by a Venn diagram. Ten hub genes were extracted from PPI network. Furthermore, Alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein (AHSG), one of 10 hub genes, was found to be associated with chRCC, and had a big difference in expression between survival and dead events. AHSG could predict potential prognostic and may be a diagnostic biomarker in chRCC. CONCLUSION This study illustrated that AHSG may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic genetic marker for chRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cuiyan Ma
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRist, RIIT, Institute of Internet IndustryTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,Integrative Medicine Center, School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua‐Peking Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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Root JC, Zhou X, Ahn J, Small BJ, Zhai W, Bethea T, Carroll JE, Cohen HJ, Dilawari A, Extermann M, Graham D, Isaacs C, Jacobsen PB, Jim H, McDonald BC, Nakamura ZM, Patel SK, Rentscher K, Saykin AJ, Van Dyk K, Mandelblatt JS, Ahles TA. Association of markers of tumor aggressivity and cognition in women with breast cancer before adjuvant treatment: The Thinking and Living with Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 194:413-422. [PMID: 35587324 PMCID: PMC9392482 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor features associated with aggressive cancers may affect cognition prior to systemic therapy. We evaluated associations of cognition prior to adjuvant therapy and tumor aggressivity in older breast cancer patients. METHODS Women diagnosed with non-metastatic breast cancer (n = 705) ages 60-98 were enrolled from August 2010-March 2020. Cognition was measured post-surgery, pre-systemic therapy using self-reported (FACT-Cog Perceived Cognitive Impairment [PCI]) and objective tests of attention, processing speed, and executive function (APE domain) and learning and memory [LM domain]. Linear regression tested associations of pre-treatment tumor features and cognition, adjusting for age, race, and study site. HER2 positivity and higher stage (II/III vs. 0/I) were a priori predictors of cognition; in secondary analyses we explored associations of other tumor features and cognitive impairment (i.e., PCI score < 54 or having 2 tests < 1.5 SD or 1 test < 2 SD from the mean APE or LM domain score). RESULTS HER2 positivity and the hormone receptor negative/HER2 + molecular subtype were associated with lower adjusted mean self-reported cognition scores and higher impairment rates (p values < .05). Higher stage of disease was associated with lower objective performance in APE. Other tumor features were associated with cognition in unadjusted and adjusted models, including larger tumor size and lower PCI scores (p = 0.02). Tumor features were not related to LM. CONCLUSIONS Pre-adjuvant therapy cognition was associated with HER2 positivity and higher stage of disease and other features of aggressive tumors. Additional research is needed to confirm these results and assess potential mechanisms and clinical management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Root
- Neurocognitive Research Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry and Anesthesiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brent J Small
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, and Senior Member, Health Outcome and Behavior Program and Biostatistics Resource Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute at the University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wanting Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Traci Bethea
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Judith E Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorJonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harvey Jay Cohen
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Asma Dilawari
- MedStar Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, USA
| | - Martine Extermann
- Department of Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Claudine Isaacs
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Breast Cancer Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul B Jacobsen
- Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather Jim
- Department of Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brenna C McDonald
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zev M Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sunita K Patel
- Departments of Population Sciences and Supportive Care Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Rentscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorJonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen Van Dyk
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorJonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne S Mandelblatt
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tim A Ahles
- Neurocognitive Research Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY, USA
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Vardy JL, Pond GR, Cysique LA, Gates TM, Lagopoulos J, Renton C, Waite LM, Tannock IF, Dhillon HM. Lack of cognitive impairment in long-term survivors of colorectal cancer. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:6123-6133. [PMID: 35420329 PMCID: PMC9135780 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Our longitudinal study reported cognitive impairment in 43% of people following diagnosis of localised colorectal cancer (CRC) versus 15% in healthy controls (p < 0.001) and 50% versus 13% 1–2 years later (p < 0.001). Here we evaluate cognitive function and neuroimaging in a subgroup at long-term follow-up. Patients and methods Cancer-free Australian participants in the study, and controls, completed cognitive and functional assessments. Neuroimaging was optional. Blood tests included inflammatory markers, clotting factors, sex hormones and apolipoprotein E genotype. The primary endpoint was demographically and practice effect-corrected cognitive scores comparing CRC survivors with controls over time examined using a linear mixed model, adjusted for baseline performance. Secondary endpoints included cognitive impairment rate using the Global Deficit Score [GDS > 0.5], Functional Deficit Score, blood results and neuroimaging. Results The study included 25 CRC survivors (60% men, median age 72) at mean 9 years after baseline (9 received adjuvant chemotherapy) and 25 controls (44% men, median age 68) at mean 6 years after baseline. There were no significant differences in cognitive scores or proportion with cognitive impairment (16 vs. 8%) between survivors and controls and no evidence of accelerated ageing in CRC survivors. Baseline cognitive performance predicted for subsequent cognitive function. There were no differences in functional tests or blood tests between groups. In 18 participants undergoing neuroimaging, 10 CRC survivors had higher myoinositol levels than 8 controls, and lower volume in the right amygdala and caudate and left hippocampal regions. Conclusions There was no difference in cognitive capacity and function between CRC survivors and controls 6–12 years after diagnosis. Differences in neuroimaging require confirmation in a larger sample. Highlights • No evidence of long term cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer survivors compared to controls 6–12 years after diagnosis • No evidence of accelerated cognitive ageing in colorectal cancer survivors • No evidence of long-term functional impairment in colorectal cancer survivors Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-022-07008-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette L Vardy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, Sydney, NSW 2137, Australia. .,Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-Based Decision-Making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | - Lucette A Cysique
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.,St. Vincent's Hospital Applied Medical Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas M Gates
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia.,St. Vincent's Hospital Applied Medical Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Brain Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sunshine Coast Mind & Neuroscience, Thompson Institute, University of Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia
| | - Corrinne Renton
- Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-Based Decision-Making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian F Tannock
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Haryana M Dhillon
- Centre for Medical Psychology & Evidence-Based Decision-Making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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