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Kramp LJ, Mathiak M, Behrens HM, Schäfer FW, van Mackelenbergh M, Röcken C. The age-specific differences in histopathological tumor characteristics and TNM classification of breast carcinomas in Quality assured mamma diagnostic (QuaMaDi) program in the state of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:387-400. [PMID: 34705105 PMCID: PMC8800883 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background We explored the hypothesis that high-quality standards in diagnostic mammography can lead to an early diagnosis of breast cancers and identifies at risk populations outside screening programs. The histopathological features and distribution of the TNM classification were examined in relation to patient age in a large group of women with breast cancers participating in the Quality Assured Mamma Diagnostic (QuaMaDi) program of the state of Schleswig–Holstein. Patients and methods Surgical pathological reports were studied for clinicopathological characteristics, receptor status, molecular subtype and tumor stage. The analysis was conducted by dividing the study population into three age groups: women under 50 years (pre-screening), 50–69 years (peri-screening) and over 70 years (post-screening). Results 7.111 biopsies and 2.887 resection specimens were included. Breast cancer was diagnosed in 4.241 (59.7%) cases, one fourth of them in women < 50 years. Elderly women (> 70 years) had more well-differentiated, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and HER2-negative carcinomas, whereas younger women (< 50 years) tended to have more poorly differentiated, ER negative, and HER2-positive carcinomas. 47% of breast carcinoma were luminal B tumors and were most common regardless of age. 70.4% of resected specimen had pT1 stage. Nodal negative were 71.2%. Conclusion In QuaMaDi breast cancer was diagnosed at an early and potentially curable stage of the disease due to high-quality standards in diagnostic mammography. In addition, regardless of age, an increased number of prognostically unfavorable molecular subtypes were detected. Thus, QuaMaDi helps to identify at risk populations. QuaMaDi significantly improves diagnostic mammography and complements mammography screening programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03841-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Kramp
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - M Mathiak
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - H-M Behrens
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - F W Schäfer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - M van Mackelenbergh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Improving DCIS diagnosis and predictive outcome by applying artificial intelligence. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188555. [PMID: 33933557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a preinvasive lesion that is considered to be a precursor to invasive breast cancer. Nevertheless, not all DCIS will progress to invasion. Current histopathological classification systems are unable to predict which cases will or will not progress, and therefore many women with DCIS may be overtreated. Artificial intelligence (AI) image-based analysis methods have potential to identify and analyze novel features that may facilitate tumor identification, prediction of disease outcome and response to treatment. Indeed, these methods prove promising for accurately identifying DCIS lesions, and show potential clinical utility in the therapeutic stratification of DCIS patients. Here, we review how AI techniques in histopathology may aid diagnosis and clinical decisions in regards to DCIS, and how such techniques could be incorporated into clinical practice.
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Cambra M, Farrús B, Moreno F, Anglada L, Arenas M, Ballester R, Casals J, Cusidó M, García V, Gutiérrez C, Mollà M, Pedro A, Reyes V, Sanz X. Management of breast ductal carcinoma in situ in Catalonia, Spain: Results from the Grup Oncologic Calalà-Occità-Catalonia survey with 9-year follow up. Breast 2017; 35:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Automated Classification of Benign and Malignant Proliferative Breast Lesions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9900. [PMID: 28852119 PMCID: PMC5575012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Misclassification of breast lesions can result in either cancer progression or unnecessary chemotherapy. Automated classification tools are seen as promising second opinion providers in reducing such errors. We have developed predictive algorithms that automate the categorization of breast lesions as either benign usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) or malignant ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). From diagnosed breast biopsy images from two hospitals, we obtained 392 biomarkers using Dong et al.'s (2014) computational tools for nuclei identification and feature extraction. We implemented six machine learning models and enhanced them by reducing prediction variance, extracting active features, and combining multiple algorithms. We used the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for performance evaluation. Our top-performing model, a Combined model with Active Feature Extraction (CAFE) consisting of two logistic regression algorithms, obtained an AUC of 0.918 when trained on data from one hospital and tested on samples of the other, a statistically significant improvement over Dong et al.'s AUC of 0.858. Pathologists can substantially improve their diagnoses by using it as an unbiased validator. In the future, our work can also serve as a valuable methodology for differentiating between low-grade and high-grade DCIS.
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Subsequent risk of ipsilateral and contralateral invasive breast cancer after treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ: incidence and the effect of radiotherapy in a population-based cohort of 10,090 women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 159:553-63. [PMID: 27624164 PMCID: PMC5021731 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of different treatment strategies on the risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer (IBC) in women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). METHODS Up to 15-year cumulative incidences of ipsilateral IBC (iIBC) and contralateral IBC (cIBC) were assessed among a population-based cohort of 10,090 women treated for DCIS in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2004. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate associations of treatment with iIBC risk. RESULTS Fifteen years after DCIS diagnosis, cumulative incidence of iIBC was 1.9 % after mastectomy, 8.8 % after BCS+RT, and 15.4 % after BCS alone. Patients treated with BCS alone had a higher iIBC risk than those treated with BCS+RT during the first 5 years after treatment. This difference was less pronounced for patients <50 years [hazard ratio (HR) 2.11, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.35-3.29 for women <50, and HR 4.44, 95 % CI 3.11-6.36 for women ≥50, P interaction < 0.0001]. Beyond 5 years of follow-up, iIBC risk did not differ between patients treated with BCS+RT or BCS alone for women <50. Cumulative incidence of cIBC at 15 years was 6.4 %, compared to 3.4 % in the general population. CONCLUSIONS We report an interaction of treatment with age and follow-up period on iIBC risk, indicating that the benefit of RT seems to be smaller among younger women, and stressing the importance of clinical studies with long follow-up. Finally, the low cIBC risk does not justify contralateral prophylactic mastectomies for many women with unilateral DCIS.
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Shikama N, Sekiguchi K, Nakamura N, Sekine H, Nakayama Y, Imanaka K, Akiba T, Aoki M, Hatayama Y, Ogo E, Kagami Y, Kawashima M, Karasawa K. Final results from a multicenter prospective study ( JROSG 05-5) on postoperative radiotherapy for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ with an involved surgical margin or close margin widths of 1 mm or less. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:830-834. [PMID: 26093369 PMCID: PMC4577003 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This multicenter prospective study ( Japanese Radiation Oncology Study Group: JROSG 05-5) aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with an involved surgical margin or close margin widths of ≤1 mm or less. PORT consisted of whole-breast irradiation (50 Gy in 25 fractions) followed by boost irradiation (10 Gy in 5 fractions). Eligibility criteria were as follows: (i) DCIS without an invasive carcinoma component, (ii) age between 20 and 80 years old, (iii) involved margin or close margin widths of ≤1 mm, (iv) refusal of re-resection, (v) performance status of 0-2, and (vi) written informed consent. The primary endpoint was ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), recurrence patterns, and adverse events. A total of 37 patients from 12 institutions were enrolled from January 2007 to May 2009. The median follow-up time was 62 months (range, 28-85 months). The median pathological tumor size was 2.5 cm (range, 0.3-8.5 cm). Of the 37 patients, 21 had involved margins, and 16 had close margins. The 5-year IBTR, OS and RFS rates were 6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2-21), 97% (95% CI: 83-99) and 91% (95% CI: 77-97), respectively. Two patients developed local recurrence at the original site after 39 and 58 months. No severe adverse events were found. Our study suggests that this PORT regimen could be a treatment option for patients with DCIS with involved margin or close margin who don't desire re-resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Shikama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saitama Medical University, International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-City, Saitama, 350-1298 Japan
| | - Kenji Sekiguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sekine
- Department of Radiology, The Jikei University Third Hospital, 4-11-1 Izumihonmachi, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8601, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakayama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Imanaka
- Department of Radiology, Nishikobe Medical Center, 5-7-1 Kojidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Shogo, 651-2273, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiba
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masahiko Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, 53 Honmachi, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Yoshiomi Hatayama
- Department of Radiology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine and Hospital, 53 Honmachi, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Etsuyo Ogo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kurume University Hospital, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume-shi, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kagami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Showa University Hospital, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Miho Kawashima
- Department of Radiology, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Mimamikoshigaya, Koshigaya-shi, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Kumiko Karasawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Dong F, Irshad H, Oh EY, Lerwill MF, Brachtel EF, Jones NC, Knoblauch NW, Montaser-Kouhsari L, Johnson NB, Rao LKF, Faulkner-Jones B, Wilbur DC, Schnitt SJ, Beck AH. Computational pathology to discriminate benign from malignant intraductal proliferations of the breast. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114885. [PMID: 25490766 PMCID: PMC4260962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The categorization of intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast based on routine light microscopic examination of histopathologic sections is in many cases challenging, even for experienced pathologists. The development of computational tools to aid pathologists in the characterization of these lesions would have great diagnostic and clinical value. As a first step to address this issue, we evaluated the ability of computational image analysis to accurately classify DCIS and UDH and to stratify nuclear grade within DCIS. Using 116 breast biopsies diagnosed as DCIS or UDH from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), we developed a computational method to extract 392 features corresponding to the mean and standard deviation in nuclear size and shape, intensity, and texture across 8 color channels. We used L1-regularized logistic regression to build classification models to discriminate DCIS from UDH. The top-performing model contained 22 active features and achieved an AUC of 0.95 in cross-validation on the MGH data-set. We applied this model to an external validation set of 51 breast biopsies diagnosed as DCIS or UDH from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and the model achieved an AUC of 0.86. The top-performing model contained active features from all color-spaces and from the three classes of features (morphology, intensity, and texture), suggesting the value of each for prediction. We built models to stratify grade within DCIS and obtained strong performance for stratifying low nuclear grade vs. high nuclear grade DCIS (AUC = 0.98 in cross-validation) with only moderate performance for discriminating low nuclear grade vs. intermediate nuclear grade and intermediate nuclear grade vs. high nuclear grade DCIS (AUC = 0.83 and 0.69, respectively). These data show that computational pathology models can robustly discriminate benign from malignant intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast and may aid pathologists in the diagnosis and classification of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Humayun Irshad
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eun-Yeong Oh
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melinda F. Lerwill
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elena F. Brachtel
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Jones
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas W. Knoblauch
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laleh Montaser-Kouhsari
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicole B. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luigi K. F. Rao
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Beverly Faulkner-Jones
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David C. Wilbur
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart J. Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew H. Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Generali D, Buffa FM, Deb S, Cummings M, Reid LE, Taylor M, Andreis D, Allevi G, Ferrero G, Byrne D, Martinotti M, Bottini A, Harris AL, Lakhani SR, Fox SB. COX-2 expression is predictive for early relapse and aromatase inhibitor resistance in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, and is a target for treatment. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:46-54. [PMID: 24874483 PMCID: PMC4090726 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratification of patients for treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is suboptimal, with high systemic overtreatment rates. METHODS A training set of 95 tumours from women with pure DCIS were immunostained for proteins involved in cell survival, hypoxia, growth factor and hormone signalling. A generalised linear regression with regularisation and variable selection was applied to a multiple covariate Cox survival analysis with recurrence-free survival 10-fold cross-validation and leave-one-out iterative approach were used to build and test the model that was validated using an independent cohort of 58 patients with pure DCIS. The clinical role of a COX-2-targeting agent was then tested in a proof-of-concept neoadjuvant randomised trial in ER-positive DCIS treated with exemestane 25 mg day(-1)± celecoxib 800 mg day(-1). RESULTS The COX-2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for early relapse in the training (HR 37.47 (95% CI: 5.56-252.74) P=0.0001) and independent validation cohort (HR 3.9 (95% CI: 1.8-8.3) P=0.002). There was no significant interaction with other clinicopathological variables. A statistically significant reduction of Ki-67 expression after treatment with exemestane ± celecoxib was observed (P<0.02) with greater reduction in the combination arm (P<0.004). Concomitant reduction in COX-2 expression was statistically significant in the exemestane and celecoxib arm (P<0.03) only. CONCLUSIONS In patients with DCIS, COX-2 may predict recurrence, aiding clinical decision making. A combination of an aromatase inhibitor and celecoxib has significant biological effect and may be integrated into treatment of COX2-positive DCIS at high risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Generali
- US Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica/UO Chirurgia Generale Senologica, AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - F M Buffa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - S Deb
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Victorian Cancer Biobank, Rathdowne Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - M Cummings
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - L E Reid
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - M Taylor
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - D Andreis
- US Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica/UO Chirurgia Generale Senologica, AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - G Allevi
- US Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica/UO Chirurgia Generale Senologica, AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - G Ferrero
- U.O. Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - D Byrne
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - M Martinotti
- Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento di Chirurgia, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - A Bottini
- US Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica/UO Chirurgia Generale Senologica, AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - A L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - S R Lakhani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - S B Fox
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Souchon R, Sautter-Bihl ML, Sedlmayer F, Budach W, Dunst J, Feyer P, Fietkau R, Haase W, Harms W, Wenz F, Sauer R. DEGRO practical guidelines: radiotherapy of breast cancer II. Strahlenther Onkol 2013; 190:8-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-013-0502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Cutuli B, Lemanski C, Le Blanc-Onfroy M, de Lafontan B, Cohen-Solal-Le-Nir C, Fondrinier É, Mignotte H, Giard S, Charra-Brunaud C, Auvray H, Gonzague-Casabianca L, Quétin P, Fay R. Local recurrence after ductal carcinoma in situ breast conserving treatment. Analysis of 195 cases. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Solin LJ, Gray R, Baehner FL, Butler SM, Hughes LL, Yoshizawa C, Cherbavaz DB, Shak S, Page DL, Sledge GW, Davidson NE, Ingle JN, Perez EA, Wood WC, Sparano JA, Badve S. A multigene expression assay to predict local recurrence risk for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:701-10. [PMID: 23641039 PMCID: PMC3653823 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, the risk of developing an ipsilateral breast event (IBE; defined as local recurrence of DCIS or invasive carcinoma) after surgical excision without radiation is not well defined by clinical and pathologic characteristics. METHODS The Oncotype DX breast cancer assay was performed for patients with DCIS treated with surgical excision without radiation in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) E5194 study. The association of the prospectively defined DCIS Score (calculated from seven cancer-related genes and five reference genes) with the risk of developing an IBE was analyzed using Cox regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS There were 327 patients with adequate tissue for analysis. The continuous DCIS Score was statistically significantly associated with the risk of developing an IBE (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15 to 4.49; P = .02) when adjusted for tamoxifen use (prespecified primary analysis) and with invasive IBE (unadjusted HR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.34 to 9.62; P = .01). For the prespecified DCIS risk groups of low, intermediate, and high, the 10-year risks of developing an IBE were 10.6%, 26.7%, and 25.9%, respectively, and for an invasive IBE, 3.7%, 12.3%, and 19.2%, respectively (both log rank P ≤ .006). In multivariable analyses, factors associated with IBE risk were DCIS Score, tumor size, and menopausal status (all P ≤ .02). CONCLUSIONS The DCIS Score quantifies IBE risk and invasive IBE risk, complements traditional clinical and pathologic factors, and provides a new clinical tool to improve selecting individualized treatment for women with DCIS who meet the ECOG E5194 criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Solin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA.
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12
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Bae MS, Moon WK, Chang JM, Cho N, Park SY, Won JK, Jeon YK, Moon HG, Han W, Park IA. Mammographic features of calcifications in DCIS: correlation with oestrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. Eur Radiol 2013; 23:2072-8. [PMID: 23512196 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-2827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the correlation of oestrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status with the probability of malignancy (POM) of mammographic calcifications in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). METHODS A total of 101 women (age range, 27-83 years) with pure DCIS that presented as mammographic calcifications were included. Three radiologists independently reviewed mammograms according to the BI-RADS lexicon and provided 100-point POM scores and a BI-RADS category. ER, HER2 and breast cancer subtypes were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Pairwise correlations between POM and IHC biomarker scores were calculated, and mammographic features were compared between breast cancer subtypes. RESULTS HER2 level positively correlated with the POM score (P < 0.0001) and BI-RADS category (P < 0.0001), and ER level inversely correlated with the POM score (P < 0.013) and BI-RADS category (P < 0.010). Fine linear branching (P = 0.004) and segmental (P = 0.014) calcifications were significantly associated with HER2-positive cancers, and clustered calcifications were more frequently observed in ER-positive cancers (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION HER2 status in DCIS correlated positively with the POM of mammographic calcifications, as determined by radiologists on the basis of the BI-RADS lexicon. KEY POINTS • Prediction of malignancy on mammographic ductal carcinoma in situ is difficult. • HER2 level correlated positively with the probability of malignancy assigned by radiologists. • ER level correlated inversely with the probability of malignancy assigned by radiologists. • HER2-positive DCIS more frequently exhibited fine linear branching or segmental calcifications. • ER-positive DCIS more frequently exhibited clustered calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea
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López ME, Kaplan CP, Nápoles AM, Livaudais JC, Hwang ES, Stewart SL, Bloom J, Karliner L. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): posttreatment follow-up care among Latina and non-Latina White women. J Cancer Surviv 2013; 7:219-26. [PMID: 23408106 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-012-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of information about posttreatment care among patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This study compares posttreatment care by ethnicity-language and physician specialty among Latina and White women with DCIS. METHODS Latina and White women diagnosed with DCIS between 2002 and 2005 identified through the California Cancer Registry completed a telephone survey in 2006. Main outcomes were breast surveillance, lifestyle counseling, and follow-up physician specialty. KEY RESULTS Of 742 women (396 White, 349 Latinas), most (90 %) had at least one clinical breast exam (CBE). Among women treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS; N = 503), 76 % had received at least two mammograms. While 92 % of all women had follow-up with a breast specialist, Spanish-speaking Latinas had the lowest specialist follow-up rates (84 %) of all groups. Lifestyle counseling was low with only 53 % discussing exercise, 43 % weight, and 31 % alcohol in relation to their DCIS. In multivariable analysis, Spanish-speaking Latinas with BCS had lower odds of receiving the recommended mammography screening in the year following treatment compared to Whites (OR 0.5; 95 % CI, 0.2-0.9). Regardless of ethnicity-language, seeing both a specialist and primary care physician increased the odds of mammography screening and CBE (OR 1.6; 95 % CI, 1.2-2.3 and OR 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.3-2.8), as well as having discussions about exercise, weight, and alcohol use, compared to seeing a specialist only. CONCLUSIONS Most women reported appropriate surveillance after DCIS treatment. However, our results suggest less adequate follow-up for Spanish-speaking Latinas, possibly due to language barriers or insurance access. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Follow-up with a primary care provider in addition to a breast specialist increases receipt of appropriate follow-up for all women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica E López
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-0320, USA
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Role of the radiotherapy boost on local control in ductal carcinoma in situ. Int J Surg Oncol 2012; 2012:748196. [PMID: 22577533 PMCID: PMC3332211 DOI: 10.1155/2012/748196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is associated with low mortality rates, but local relapse is a matter of concern in this disease. Risk factors for local relapse include young age, close or positive margins, and tumor necrosis. Whole breast irradiation following breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ significantly reduces the risk of local relapse as compared to breast-conserving surgery alone. Studies point to similar outcomes between breast-conserving surgery plus radiotherapy and mastectomy, in the absence of extensive disease. A complementary boost to the surgical bed improves outcomes for patients with invasive breast cancer. However, the effect of this strategy has never been prospectively reported for ductal carcinoma in situ. Two randomized controlled trials assessing this issue are ongoing. This paper represents an update on available literature about radiotherapy for DCIS with a special focus on the role of a radiotherapy boost to the tumor bed.
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Allred DC, Anderson SJ, Paik S, Wickerham DL, Nagtegaal ID, Swain SM, Mamounas EP, Julian TB, Geyer CE, Costantino JP, Land SR, Wolmark N. Adjuvant tamoxifen reduces subsequent breast cancer in women with estrogen receptor-positive ductal carcinoma in situ: a study based on NSABP protocol B-24. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:1268-73. [PMID: 22393101 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.34.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The NSABP (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project) B-24 study demonstrated significant benefit with adjuvant tamoxifen in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) after lumpectomy and radiation. Patients were enrolled without knowledge of hormone receptor status. The current study retrospectively evaluated the relationship between receptors and response to tamoxifen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) were evaluated in 732 patients with DCIS (41% of original study population). An experienced central laboratory determined receptor status in all patient cases with available paraffin blocks (n = 449) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using comprehensively validated assays. Results for additional patients (n = 283) determined by various methods (primarily IHC) were available from enrolling institutions. Combined results were evaluated for benefit of tamoxifen by receptor status at 10 years and overall follow-up (median, 14.5 years). RESULTS ER was positive in 76% of patients. Patients with ER-positive DCIS treated with tamoxifen (v placebo) showed significant decreases in subsequent breast cancer at 10 years (hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; P < .001) and overall follow-up (HR, 0.60; P = .003), which remained significant in multivariable analysis (overall HR, 0.64; P = .003). Results were similar, but less significant, when subsequent ipsilateral and contralateral, invasive and noninvasive, breast cancers were considered separately. No significant benefit was observed in ER-negative DCIS. PgR and either receptor were positive in 66% and 79% of patients, respectively, and in general, neither was more predictive than ER alone. CONCLUSION Patients in NSABP B-24 with ER-positive DCIS receiving adjuvant tamoxifen after standard therapy showed significant reductions in subsequent breast cancer. The use of adjuvant tamoxifen should be considered for patients with DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Craig Allred
- National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, 660 Euclid Campus Box 8118, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Solin LJ. Selecting Individualized Treatment for Patients With Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast: The Search Continues. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:577-9. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.39.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wang SY, Shamliyan T, Virnig BA, Kane R. Tumor characteristics as predictors of local recurrence after treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 127:1-14. [PMID: 21327465 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is seldom life threatening, the management of DCIS remains a dilemma for patients and their physicians. Aggressive treatment reduces the risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), but has never been proven to improve survival. There is interest in identifying the prognostic factors for determining low-risk DCIS patients, but a comprehensive review of high-quality evidence on tumor characteristics in predicting local recurrence has never been carried out. We examined the following tumor characteristics: biomarkers, comedonecrosis, focality, surgical margin, method of detection, tumor grade, and tumor size. For this systematic review we restricted the analyses to the results of subgroup analyses from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and multivariate analyses from RCTs and observational studies. We identified 44 eligible articles. The pooled random-effects risk estimates for IBTR are comedonecrosis 1.71(95% CI, 1.36-2.16), focality 1.95(95% CI, 1.59-2.40), margin 2.25(95% CI, 1.77-2.86), method of detection 1.35(95% CI, 1.12-1.62), tumor grade 1.81(95% CI, 1.53-2.13), and tumor size 1.63(95% CI, 1.30-2.06). Limited evidence indicated that women whose DCIS is ER-negative, PR-negative, or HER2/neu receptor positive have an IBTR higher than those whose DCIS is ER-positive, PR-positive, and HER2/neu receptor negative. A variety of tumor characteristics are significant predictors for IBTR. These results are important for both clinicians and patients to interpret the risk of local recurrence and to decide on a course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yi Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 420 Delaware Street S.E. MMC 729, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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