1
|
Dong L, Gao L. SP1-Driven FOXM1 Upregulation Induces Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5510-5524. [PMID: 38200349 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) has been associated with the pathological processes of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the upstream and downstream regulators remain poorly understood. This study sought to examine the underlying mechanism of FOXM1 in dopaminergic neuron injury in PD. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to pinpoint the differential expression of FOXM1, which was verified in the nigral tissues of rotenone-lesioned mice and dopaminergic neuron MN9D cells. Interactions among SP1, FOXM1, SNAI2, and CXCL12 were analyzed. To evaluate their effects on dopaminergic neuron injury, the lentiviral vector-mediated manipulation of FOXM1, SP1, and CXCL12 was introduced in rotenone-lesioned mice and MN9D cells. SP1, FOXM1, SNAI2, and CXCL12 abundant expression occurred in rotenone-lesioned mice and MN9D cells. Silencing of FOXM1 delayed the rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuron injury in vitro. Mechanistically, SP1 was an upstream transcription factor of FOXM1 and upregulated FOXM1 expression, leading to increased SNAI2 and CXCL12 expression. In vivo, data confirmed that SP1 promoted dopaminergic neuron injury by activating the FOXM1/SNAI2/CXCL12 axis. Our data indicate that SP1 silencing has neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons, which is dependent upon the inactivated FOXM1/SNAI2/CXCL12 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianbo Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4, Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang W, Zhang T, Li X, Gong L, Zhang Y, Luan C, Shan Q, Gu X, Zhao L. Intranasal Administration of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Alleviates Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2024; 549:1-12. [PMID: 38705349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and complex neurodegenerative disease. This disease is typically characterized by the formation of Lewy bodies in multiple brain regions and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting in non-motor symptoms (e.g., olfactory deficits) and motor dysfunction in the late stages. There is yet no effective cure for Parkinson's disease. Considering the neuroprotective effects of exosomes, we investigated whether intranasal administration of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes could improve behavioral functions in PD mice. First, exosomes were endocytosed by the cells in vitro and in vivo, indicating that exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier. Second, we found that both motor and non-motor functions of the PD models were effectively improved during intranasal exosomes treatment. Finally, the activity of olfactory bulb neurons was improved and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta was reversed. Moreover, exosomes attenuated microglia and astrocyte activation, leading to a low level of inflammation in the brain. In conclusion, our study provided a new reference for the clinical application of exosomes in the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Huang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21000, China
| | - Leilei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 22600, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chengcheng Luan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Qi Shan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 21000, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 22600, China.
| | - Lili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 22600, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh G, Mehra A, Arora S, Gugulothu D, Vora LK, Prasad R, Khatri DK. Exosome-mediated delivery and regulation in neurological disease progression. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130728. [PMID: 38467209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs), membranous structures originating from diverse biological sources, have recently seized the attention of researchers due to their theranostic potential for neurological diseases. Released actively by various cells, including stem cells, adipose tissue, and immune cells, EXOs wield substantial regulatory influence over the intricate landscape of neurological complications, exhibiting both positive and negative modulatory effects. In AD, EXOs play a pivotal role in disseminating and breaking down amyloid-β protein. Moreover, EXOs derived from mesenchymal stem cells showcase a remarkable capacity to mitigate pro-inflammatory phenotypes by regulating miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases. These vesicles possess the unique ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, governing the aggregation of mutant huntingtin protein. Understanding the exosomal functions within the CNS holds significant promise for enhancing treatment efficacy in neurological diseases. This review intricately examines the regulatory mechanisms involving EXOs in neurological disease development, highlighting therapeutic prospects and exploring their utility in exosome-based nanomedicine for various neurological complications. Additionally, the review highlights the challenges associated with drug delivery to the brain, emphasizing the complexities inherent in this critical aspect of neurotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, India
| | - Ankit Mehra
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanchit Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), M.B. Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), M.B. Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 516, 5th floor, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, India; Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Mumbai 400056, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fazzina M, Bergonzoni M, Massenzio F, Monti B, Frabetti F, Casadei R. Selection of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in HMC3 cell line by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2431. [PMID: 38287074 PMCID: PMC10825209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia represent the primary immune defense system within the central nervous system and play a role in the inflammatory processes occurring in numerous disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD onset and progression are associated with factors considered possible causes of neuroinflammation, i.e. genetic mutations. In vitro models of microglial cells were established to identify specific molecular targets in PD through the analysis of gene expression data. Recently, the Human Microglial Clone 3 cell line (HMC3) has been characterized and a new human microglia model has emerged. Here we perform RT-qPCR analyses to evaluate the expression of ten reference genes in HMC3, untreated or stimulated to a pro-inflammatory status. The comparative ∆CT method, BestKeeper, Normfinder, geNorm and RefFinder algorithms were used to assess the stability of the candidate genes. The results showed that the most suitable internal controls are HPRT1, RPS18 and B2M genes. In addition, the most stable and unstable reference genes were used to normalize the expression of a gene of interest in HMC3, resulting in a difference in the statistical significance in cells treated with Rotenone. This is the first reference gene validation study in HMC3 cell line in pro-inflammatory status and can contribute to more reliable gene expression analysis in the field of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fazzina
- Department for Life Quality Studies - QUVI, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Matteo Bergonzoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology - FABIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology - FABIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology - FABIT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Casadei
- Department for Life Quality Studies - QUVI, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang XM, Huang J, Ni XY, Zhu HR, Huang ZX, Ding S, Yang XY, Tan YD, Chen JF, Cai JH. Current progression in application of extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:15. [PMID: 38173021 PMCID: PMC10763486 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases has been a long-standing challenge for clinical research due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Specific proteins and RNAs in brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) usually reflect the corresponding state of brain disease, and therefore, EVs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for CNS diseases. In addition, EVs can be engineered and fused to target cells for delivery of cargo, demonstrating the great potential of EVs as a nanocarrier platform. We review the progress of EVs as markers and drug carriers in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. The main areas include visual imaging, biomarker diagnosis and drug loading therapy for different types of CNS diseases. It is hoped that increased knowledge of EVs will facilitate their clinical translation in CNS diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Min Zhang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Ni
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hui-Ru Zhu
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Huang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xin-Yi Yang
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yan-Di Tan
- Department of Ultrasound the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Shuanghu Branch Road, Huixing Street, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No. 176, Qingnian Road, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Jin-Hua Cai
- Department of Radiology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, No. 136, Zhongshan Second Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khalil A, Barras A, Boukherroub R, Tseng CL, Devos D, Burnouf T, Neuhaus W, Szunerits S. Enhancing paracellular and transcellular permeability using nanotechnological approaches for the treatment of brain and retinal diseases. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 9:14-43. [PMID: 37853828 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Paracellular permeability across epithelial and endothelial cells is, in large part, regulated by apical intercellular junctions also referred to as tight junctions (TJs). These junctions contribute to the spatial definition of different tissue compartments within organisms, separating them from the outside world as well as from inner compartments, with their primary physiological role of maintaining tissue homeostasis. TJs restrict the free, passive diffusion of ions and hydrophilic small molecules through paracellular clefts and are important for appropriate cell polarization and transporter protein localisation, supporting the controlled transcellular diffusion of smaller and larger hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic substances. This traditional diffusion barrier concept of TJs has been challenged lately, owing to a better understanding of the components that are associated with TJs. It is now well-established that mutations in TJ proteins are associated with a range of human diseases and that a change in the membrane fluidity of neighbouring cells can open possibilities for therapeutics to cross intercellular junctions. Nanotechnological approaches, exploiting ultrasound or hyperosmotic agents and permeation enhancers, are the paradigm for achieving enhanced paracellular diffusion. The other widely used transport route of drugs is via transcellular transport, allowing the passage of a variety of pro-drugs and nanoparticle-encapsulated drugs via different mechanisms based on receptors and others. For a long time, there was an expectation that lipidic nanocarriers and polymeric nanostructures could revolutionize the field for the delivery of RNA and protein-based therapeutics across different biological barriers equipped with TJs (e.g., blood-brain barrier (BBB), retina-blood barrier (RBB), corneal TJs, etc.). However, only a limited increase in therapeutic efficiency has been reported for most systems until now. The purpose of this review is to explore the reasons behind the current failures and to examine the emergence of synthetic and cell-derived nanomaterials and nanotechnological approaches as potential game-changers in enhancing drug delivery to target locations both at and across TJs using innovative concepts. Specifically, we will focus on recent advancements in various nanotechnological strategies enabling the bypassing or temporally opening of TJs to the brain and to the retina, and discuss their advantages and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Khalil
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering (GIBMTE), New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering (IPBME), New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
| | - David Devos
- University Lille, CHU-Lille, Inserm, U1172, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, LICEND, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering (GIBMTE), New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering (IPBME), New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giovannelli L, Bari E, Jommi C, Tartara F, Armocida D, Garbossa D, Cofano F, Torre ML, Segale L. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome and extracellular vesicles for neurodegenerative diseases: Risk-benefit profile and next steps for the market access. Bioact Mater 2023; 29:16-35. [PMID: 37456581 PMCID: PMC10338239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a growing burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise as a potential therapy due to their neuroregenerative, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties, which are, however, linked to the bioactive substances they release, collectively known as secretome. This paper provides an overview of the most recent research on the safety and efficacy of MSC-derived secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in clinical (if available) and preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, acute ischemic stroke, and spinal cord injury. The article explores the biologically active substances within MSC-secretome/EVs, the mechanisms responsible for the observed therapeutic effects, and the strategies that may be used to optimize MSC-secretome/EVs production based on specific therapeutic needs. The review concludes with a critical discussion of current clinical trials and a perspective on potential future directions in translating MSC-secretome and EVs into the clinic, specifically regarding how to address the challenges associated with their pharmaceutical manufacturing, including scalability, batch-to-batch consistency, adherence to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) guidelines, formulation, and storage, along with quality controls, access to the market and relative costs, value for money and impact on total expenditure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Giovannelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Jommi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Armocida
- A.U.O, Policlinico Umberto I, Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University, 00135, Roma, Italy
| | - Diego Garbossa
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Cofano
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- PharmaExceed S.r.l, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorena Segale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Prasad R, Khatri DK, Sun W, Singh SB, Gugulothu D, Srivastava S, Vora L. CRISPR/Cas9 assisted stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:46. [PMID: 37194005 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, CRISPR Cas9 has been tried as a direct treatment approach to correct the causative gene mutation and establish animal models in neurodegenerative disorders. Since no strategy developed until now could completely cure Parkinson's disease (PD), neuroscientists aspire to use gene editing technology, especially CRISPR/Cas9, to induce a permanent correction in genetic PD patients expressing mutated genes. Over the years, our understanding of stem cell biology has improved. Scientists have developed personalized cell therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit embryonic and patient-derived stem cells ex-vivo. This review details the importance of CRISPR/Cas9-based stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease in developing PD disease models and developing therapeutic strategies after elucidating the possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yildirim S, Oylumlu E, Ozkan A, Sinen O, Bulbul M, Goksu ET, Ertosun MG, Tanriover G. ZINC (Zn) AND ADIPOSE-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (AD-MSCs) ON MPTP-INDUCED PARKINSON'S DISEASE MODEL: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BEHAVIORAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL RESULTS. Neurotoxicology 2023; 97:1-11. [PMID: 37146888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and sustained neuroinflammation due to microglial activation. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) secrete neuroprotective factors to prevent neuronal damage. Furthermore, Zn regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation and has immunomodulatory functions. Our in vivo study aimed to investigate whether Zn affects the activities of AD-MSCs in the MPTP-induced mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=6): Control, Zn, PD, PD+Zn, PD+(AD-MSC), PD+(AD-MSC)+Zn. MPTP toxin (20mg/kg) was dissolved in saline and intraperitoneally injected into experimental groups for two days with 12h intervals. On the 3rd day, AD-MSCs were given to the right lateral ventricle of the PD+(AD-MSC) and PD+(AD-MSC)+Zn groups by stereotaxic surgery. Then, ZnSO4H2O was administered intraperitoneally for 4 days at 2mg/kg. Seven days post MPTP injection, the motor activities of the mouse were evaluated. Then immunohistochemical analyzes were performed in SNpc. Our results showed that motor activity was lower in Group PD. AD-MSC and Zn administration have improved this impairment. MPTP caused a decrease in TH and BDNF expressions in dopaminergic neurons in Group PD. However, TH and BDNF expressions were more intense in the other groups. MCP-1, TGF-β, and IL-10 expressions increased in administered groups compared to the Group PD. The present study indicates that Zn's individual and combined administration with AD-MSCs reduces neuronal damage in the MPTP-induced mouse model. In addition, anti-inflammatory responses that emerge with Zn and AD-MSCs may have a neuroprotective effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sendegul Yildirim
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ece Oylumlu
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ozkan
- Izmir Bakircay University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Osman Sinen
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bulbul
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ethem Taner Goksu
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gokhan Ertosun
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey; Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lyu N, Li X. Sevoflurane Postconditioning Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting SP1/ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231160477. [PMID: 36842993 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231160477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Sevoflurane is the most commonly used anesthetic in clinical practice and exerts a protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which sevoflurane postconditioning protects against cerebral I/R injury. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model in vitro and the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in vivo were established to simulate cerebral I/R injury. Sevoflurane postconditioning reduced neurological deficits, cerebral infarction, and ferroptosis after I/R injury. Interestingly, sevoflurane significantly inhibited specificity protein 1 (SP1) expression in MACO rats and HT22 cells exposed to OGD/R. SP1 overexpression attenuated the neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane on OGD/R-treated HT22 cells, evidenced by reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase experiments verified that SP1 bound directly to the ACSL4 promoter region to increase its expression. In addition, sevoflurane inhibited ferroptosis via SP1/ACSL4 axis. Generally, our study describes an anti-ferroptosis effect of sevoflurane against cerebral I/R injury via downregulating the SP1/ASCL4 axis. These findings suggest a novel sight for cerebral protection against cerebral I/R injury and indicate a potential therapeutic approach for a variety of cerebral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lyu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 56659Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, 144991The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|