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Brown L, Hoffman K, Corbo-Galli C, Dong S, Zumpf K, Weigel C, Blomgren C, Munson H, Bidwell J, Rao V, Kuntz NL, Schwaede A, Krosschell KJ. Use of the Assessment of Caregiver Experience with Neuromuscular Disease (ACEND) in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:921. [PMID: 38398235 PMCID: PMC10889380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has a remarkable impact on function and participation. Subsequently, the caregivers of individuals with SMA are impacted as well. Providers and the SMA community should be aware of the presence of and likely expectations for the existence of caregiver burden. Methods: The Assessment of Caregiver Experience with Neuromuscular Disease (ACEND) quantifies caregivers' perceptions of function and quality of life pertaining to time, finance and emotion. Analyses were conducted among SMA types and ambulatory and ventilatory status. Participants with SMA had varying ranges of function and were on pharmaceutical treatment. Total ACEND score, longitudinal change in total ACEND score, total quality of life (QOL) score, change in total QOL score and subdomains for QOL, including time, emotion and finance, were all explored. Results: Overall, the ACEND demonstrated discriminant validity and some observed trends. Total ACEND scores improved for caregivers of those with SMA 2, remained stable longitudinally for caregivers of those with SMA 1 and 3 and were not influenced by ventilation status. The caregivers of individuals with SMA 1 had the lowest total quality of life (QOL) score, as did the caregivers of non-ambulatory individuals and those requiring assisted ventilation. Longitudinally, there were no changes in total QOL between caregivers of individuals with different SMA types or ambulatory or ventilation status. There were some differences in emotional needs, but no differences in financial impact between the caregivers of individuals with different types of SMA or ambulatory and ventilatory status. Conclusions: With this information enlightening the presence of caregiver burden and expected changes in burden with pharmaceutical treatment, providers, third party payors and the SMA community at large can better assist, equip and empower those providing the necessary assistance to enable the lives of those with SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurey Brown
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.H.); (C.B.)
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA (V.R.); (N.L.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Katie Hoffman
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.H.); (C.B.)
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA (V.R.); (N.L.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Chiara Corbo-Galli
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.D.)
| | - Katelyn Zumpf
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (S.D.)
| | - Christa Weigel
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Colleen Blomgren
- Department of Rehabilitation Services, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (K.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Hannah Munson
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA (V.R.); (N.L.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Jessa Bidwell
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA (V.R.); (N.L.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Vamshi Rao
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA (V.R.); (N.L.K.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Nancy L. Kuntz
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA (V.R.); (N.L.K.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Abigail Schwaede
- Division of Neurology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA (V.R.); (N.L.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Kristin J. Krosschell
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Cardinali P, Rapetti E, Migliorini L. Fear of hypoglycemia in Italian mothers of children with type 1 diabetes: the mediating role of resilience. Health Psychol Res 2021; 9:27439. [PMID: 34746495 DOI: 10.52965/001c.27439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fear of hypoglycemia for children with diabetes influences parental life and could increase parental stress. The present study aimed to explore the association between resilience, the self-perception of the parental role, and fear of hypoglycemia in mothers of children with type I diabetes (T1DM). Methods Ninety mothers (mean age: 44.20 years) of children with a T1DM diagnosis (mean age: 11.48 years) were recruited from an association for parents and completed an online self-report questionnaire packet that includes: Fear of Hypoglycemia Survey, Self-Perception of the Parental Role and Resilience Scale for Adults. Participants were recruited in 2017. Data collection lasted 10 months. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical package, version 22, and the PROCESS macro program by Hayes. Results The analysis of the mediation model shows that resilience assumes a mediational role in the relationships between the parental role and preoccupation with hypoglycemia. In particular, the mother's perceived competence and role balance can influence the development and increase of the mother's resilience, which in turn can allow a decrease in the mother's worry about the possible hypoglycemic episode of her child. Conclusion The findings suggest that resilience is a significant topic to focus on in interventions designed to increase the self-perception of the parental role and reduce fear of hypoglycemia in mothers.
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