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Vajdi M, Gataa IS, Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi F, Nikrad N, Hojati A, Darzi M, Noshadi N, Khajeh M, Abbasalizad-Farhangi M, Alipour B. The effect of sumac on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106879. [PMID: 39121945 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests the beneficial effects of sumac on cardiovascular risk factors. However, these results are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to determine the effect of sumac supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to 30 December 2023 to identify RCTs that were published in English. Data were presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) and associated 95 % confidence interval (CI). The quality of the included trials was measured using the Cochrane Collaboration's modified risk of bias tool. A pooled analysis of 16 trials showed that sumac consumption led to a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (WMD: -6.03 mg/dl; 95 % CI: -9.67 to -2.39), hemoglobin A1c (WMD: -0.45 %; 95 % CI: -0.59 to -0.31), triglycerides (WMD: -9.07 mg/dL; 95 % CI: -16.19 to -1.94), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (WMD: -5.58 mg/dL; 95 % CI: -11.27 to -0.12), BMI (WMD: -0.22 kg/m2; 95 % CI: -0.38 to -0.05), weight (WMD: -0.85 kg; 95 % CI: -1.44 to -0.27), waist circumference (WMD: -0.54 cm; 95 % CI: -0.92 to -0.15), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -2.72 mmHg; 95 % CI: -4.16 to -1.29). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level also increased significantly (WMD: 3.69 mg/dL; 95 % CI: 1.81-5.57). The overall results support possible protective and therapeutic effects of sumac on cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Additional prospective studies are suggested using longer intervention periods and higher supplementation doses to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Vajdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Negin Nikrad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hojati
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Melika Darzi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Noshadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Khajeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Beitullah Alipour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Uka A, Krasniqi D, Beretta G, Daci A. Assessment of In Vitro Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity of Rhus coriaria L. Fruit Ethanolic Extract and Its Possible Mechanisms. J Med Food 2023; 26:820-830. [PMID: 37902984 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), also known as Sumac, is commonly used as a spice, flavoring agent, and as a traditional medicinal herb. This includes also the traditional use for treating asthma, catarrh, and common colds. The accumulating evidence supports its cardioprotective, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, anticancer, gastroprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and respiratory effects. However, there are no previous studies that have shown its effects and mechanism in the airway smooth muscle tone, and therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro pharmacological action of R. coriaria L. extract (RCE) on the rat isolated tracheal and bronchial preparations by exploring its relaxant activity and mechanism of action. The direct relaxant effect of RCE (0.1-0.7 mg/mL) was tested in the rat bronchi and trachea rings precontracted by carbachol (CCh). In addition, the pretreatment with RCE (1 mg/mL) was tested on the bronchial and tracheal reactivity induced by CCh, potassium chloride (KCl), or CaCl2. In addition, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), respectively, were used for exploring the mechanisms of RCE-induced relaxation and reduction of reactivity. Our findings demonstrated that RCE induced a concentration-dependent relaxation and a significant reduction of reactivity, significantly reduced with either indomethacin or L-NAME. In addition, RCE decreased the responsiveness to KCl and affected the extracellular Ca2+-induced contraction in the tissues with added CCh or KCl in Ca2+-free Krebs-Henseleit solution. In summary, we have shown that RCE displayed relaxant activities in the in vitro airway smooth muscles, and the possible mechanisms seems to involve the prostaglandin, nitric oxide, and Ca2+ pathways. Taken together, our findings indicate the potential role of RCE in the treatment of respiratory diseases with limited airflow, or obstructive respiratory diseases, and could justify its traditional use in the respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Uka
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Donjeta Krasniqi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Calabrò A, Ligotti ME, Accardi G, Di Majo D, Caruso C, Candore G, Aiello A. The Nutraceutical Properties of Rhus coriaria Linn: Potential Application on Human Health and Aging Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076206. [PMID: 37047178 PMCID: PMC10094520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria Linn is a little plant growing in the Mediterranean basin, including Sicily, where it is known as Sicilian Sumac. Since antiquity, it has been used as a medicinal herb, considering its pharmacological properties and its recognized anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Multiple studies have highlighted that the beneficial properties of Sumac extracts depend on the abundance of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, fatty acids, minerals, and fibers. Despite its wide use as a spice, the literature on Sumac effects on humans’ health and aging is still scarce. Considering its great nutraceutical potential, Sumac could be used to treat age-related diseases such as those in which the inflammatory process plays a crucial role in manifestation and progression. Thus, Sumac could be an interesting new insight in the biomedical field, especially in aging biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mattia Emanuela Ligotti
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Caruso
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Aiello
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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Martinelli G, Angarano M, Piazza S, Fumagalli M, Magnavacca A, Pozzoli C, Khalilpour S, Dell’Agli M, Sangiovanni E. The Nutraceutical Properties of Sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.) against Gastritis: Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Gastric Epithelial Cells Infected with H. pylori. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091757. [PMID: 35565724 PMCID: PMC9104352 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is a spice and medicinal herb traditionally used in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. Since we previously demonstrated Sumac biological activity in a model of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced skin inflammation, the present work is aimed at further demonstrating a potential role in inflammatory disorders, focusing on gastritis. For this purpose, different polar extracts (water-W, ethanol-water-EW, ethanol-E, ethanol macerated-Em, acetone-Ac, ethylacetate-EtA) were investigated in gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) challenged by TNF-α or H. pylori infection. The ethanolic extracts (E, EW, Em) showed the major phenolic contents, correlating with lower half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) on the release of interleukin-8 (IL-8, <15 μg/mL) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, <20 μg/mL) induced by TNF-α. Similarly, they inhibited IL-8 release (IC50s < 70 μg/mL) during Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and exhibited a direct antibacterial activity at comparable concentrations (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 100 μg/mL). The phenolic content and the bioactivity of EW were maintained after simulated gastric digestion and were associated with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) impairment, considered the main putative anti-inflammatory mechanism. On the contrary, an anti-urease activity was excluded. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the potential role of Sumac as a nutraceutical useful in H. pylori-related gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Marco Angarano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Andrea Magnavacca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Carola Pozzoli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Saba Khalilpour
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (M.A.); (M.F.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (S.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.)
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