1
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Ohgaki R, Hirase Y, Xu M, Okanishi H, Kanai Y. LAT1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is unresponsive to HIF-1/2α accumulation under experimental hypoxia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19635. [PMID: 39179631 PMCID: PMC11343765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is upregulated in various cancer types and contributes to disease progression. Previous studies have demonstrated or suggested that hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the key transcription factors in hypoxic responses, control the expression of LAT1 gene in several types of cancer cells. However, this regulatory relationship has not been investigated yet in colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the cancer types in which the increased LAT1 expression holds prognostic significance. In this study, we found that neither LAT1 mRNA nor protein is induced under hypoxic condition (1% O2) in CRC HT-29 cells in vitro, regardless of the prominent HIF-1/2α accumulation and HIFs-dependent upregulation of glucose transporter 1. The hypoxic treatment generally did not increase either the mRNA or protein expression of LAT1 in eight CRC cell lines tested, in contrast to the pronounced upregulation by amino acid restriction. Interestingly, knockdown of von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitin ligase to inhibit the proteasomal degradation of HIFs caused an accumulation of HIF-2α and increased the LAT1 expression in certain CRC cell lines. This study contributes to delineating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathological expression of LAT1 in CRC cells, emphasizing the ambiguity of HIFs-dependent transcriptional upregulation of LAT1 across cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuma Hirase
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Metabolic Reprogramming and Signal Regulation, Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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2
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Zhang J, Wu Y, Lu W, Xiao Y, Liu S, Yu J. Carborane-FAPI conjugate: A potential FAP-targeted boron agent with improved boron content. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 209:111330. [PMID: 38657372 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has received extensive attention as an advanced binary radiotherapy method. However, BNCT still faces poor selectivity of boron agent and is insufficient boron content in tumor tissues. To improve the tumor-targeted ability and boron content, this research aims to design, synthesize and preliminary evaluate a new borane agent Carborane-FAPI, which coupling the o-carborane to the compound skeleton of a mature fibroblast activating protein (FAP) inhibitor (FAPI). FAP is a tumor-associated antigen. FAP expressed lowly in normal organs and highly expressed in tumors, so it is a potential target for diagnosis and treatment. Boronophenylalanine (BPA) is the most widely investigated BNCT drug in present. Compared with BPA, the boron content of a single molecule is increased and drug targeting is enhanced. The results show that Carboaren-FAPI has low toxicity to normal cells, and selective enrichment in tumor tissues. It is a promising boron drug that has the potential to be used in BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
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3
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Järvinen J, Pulkkinen H, Rautio J, Timonen JM. Amino Acid-Based Boron Carriers in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2663. [PMID: 38140004 PMCID: PMC10748186 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the design of boronated amino acids has emerged, partly due to the utilization of boronophenylalanine (BPA), one of the two agents employed in clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The boronated amino acids synthesized thus far for BNCT investigations can be classified into two categories based on the source of boron: boronic acids or carboranes. Amino acid-based boron carriers, employed in the context of BNCT treatment, demonstrate significant potential in the treatment of challenging tumors, such as those located in the brain. This review aims to shed light on the developmental journey and challenges encountered over the years in the field of amino acid-based boron delivery compound development. The primary focus centers on the utilization of the large amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) as a target for boron carriers in BNCT. The development of efficient carriers remains a critical objective, addressing challenges related to tumor specificity, effective boron delivery, and rapid clearance from normal tissue and blood. LAT1 presents an intriguing and promising target for boron delivery, given its numerous characteristics that make it well suited for drug delivery into tumor tissues, particularly in the case of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia Järvinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Herkko Pulkkinen
- Department of Technical Physics, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juri M. Timonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Zhang X, Lin Y, Hosmane NS, Zhu Y. Nanostructured boron agents for boron neutron capture therapy: a review of recent patents. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2023; 3:425-443. [PMID: 38283251 PMCID: PMC10811353 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a potential radiation therapy modality for cancer, and tumor-targeted stable boron-10 (10B) delivery agents are an important component of BNCT. Currently, two low-molecular-weight boron-containing compounds, sodium mercaptoundecahydro-closo-dodecaborate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA), are mainly used in BNCT. Although both have suboptimal tumor selectivity, they have shown some therapeutic benefit in patients with high-grade glioma and several other tumors. To improve the efficacy of BNCT, great efforts have been devoted for the development of new boron delivery agents with better uptake and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. This article reviews the application and research progress of boron nanomaterials as boron carriers in boron neutron capture therapy and hopes to stimulate people's interest in nanomaterial-based delivery agents by summarizing various kinds of boron nanomaterial patents disclosed in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyin Zhang
- Shenzhen HEC Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Shenzhen HEC Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Narayan S. Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Yinghuai Zhu
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
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5
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Novel Self-Forming Nanosized DDS Particles for BNCT: Utilizing A Hydrophobic Boron Cluster and Its Molecular Glue Effect. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203307. [PMID: 36291173 PMCID: PMC9600043 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BNCT is a non-invasive cancer therapy that allows for cancer cell death without harming adjacent cells. However, the application is limited, owing to the challenges of working with clinically approved boron (B) compounds and drug delivery systems (DDS). To address the issues, we developed self-forming nanoparticles consisting of a biodegradable polymer, namely, “AB-type Lactosome (AB-Lac)” loaded with B compounds. Three carborane isomers (o-, m-, and p-carborane) and three related alkylated derivatives, i.e., 1,2-dimethy-o-carborane (diC1-Carb), 1,2-dihexyl-o-carborane (diC6-Carb), and 1,2-didodecyl-o-carborane (diC12-Carb), were separately loaded. diC6-Carb was highly loaded with AB-Lac particles, and their stability indicated the “molecular glue” effect. The efficiency of in vitro B uptake of diC6-Carb for BNCT was confirmed at non-cytotoxic concentration in several cancer cell lines. In vivo/ex vivo biodistribution studies indicated that the AB-Lac particles were remarkably accumulated within 72 h post-injection in the tumor lesions of mice bearing syngeneic breast cancer (4T1) cells, but the maximum accumulation was reached at 12 h. In ex vivo B biodistribution, the ratios of tumor/normal tissue (T/N) and tumor/blood (T/Bl) of the diC6-Carb-loaded particles remained stably high up to 72 h. Therefore, we propose the diC6-Carb-loaded AB-Lac particles as a promising candidate medicine for BNCT.
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Takeno S, Tanaka H, Ono K, Mizowaki T, Suzuki M. Analysis of boron neutron capture reaction sensitivity using Monte Carlo simulation and proposal of a new dosimetry index in boron neutron capture therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:780-791. [PMID: 35791445 PMCID: PMC9494546 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy is a cellular-scale heavy-particle therapy. The factor determining the biological effects in the boron neutron capture reaction (BNCR) is the value of ${\alpha}_{boron}$, which is the alpha component in the Linear Quadratic (LQ) model. Recently, the factor determining the value of ${\alpha}_{boron}$ has been revealed to correspond to the structural features of the tumor tissue. However, the relationship and mechanism have yet to be thoroughly studied. In this study, we simulated BNCR in tissues using the Monte Carlo simulation technique and examined the factors that determine the value of ${\alpha}_{boron}$. According to this simulation, the nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio, nuclear diameter and heterogeneity of the distribution of boron in the tissue have been suggested to determine the value of ${\alpha}_{boron}$. Moreover, we proposed Biological Effectivity (BE) as a new dosimetry index based on the surviving fraction (SF), extending the concept of absolute biological effectiveness (ABE) in a previous report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeno
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2–7 Daigaku-machi Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Koji Ono
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2–7 Daigaku-machi Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizowaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Corresponding author. Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2-Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan. Tel: +81-72-451-2300;
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7
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Evaluation of the Key Advantages between Two Modalities of Boronophenylalanine Administration for Clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Using an Animal Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172736. [PMID: 36078143 PMCID: PMC9454519 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), boronophenylalanine (BPA) administrations through one-step infusion (OSI) and two-step infusion (TSI) are the most widely used. This study compared the advantages of OSI and TSI using a human oral squamous cell carcinoma-bearing animal model. OSI was administered at a high-dose rate of 20 mg/kg/min for 20 min (total dose: 400 mg/kg) as the first step infusion. TSI was a prolonged infusion at a low-dose rate of 1.67 mg/kg/min for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min (total dose: 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg) following the first step infusion. The sigmoid Emax model was used to evaluate the boron accumulation effect in the tumor. The advantages of TSI were observed to be greater than those of OSI. The observed advantages of TSI were as follows: a stable level of boron concentration in blood; tumor to blood boron ratio (T/B); tumor to muscle boron ratio (T/M); and skin to blood boron ratio (S/B). The boron accumulation effect in tumors increased to 68.98%. Thus, effective boron concentration in these tumor cells was achieved to enhance the lethal damage in BNCT treatment. Boron concentration in the blood was equal to that in the skin. Therefore, the equivalent dose was accurately estimated for the skin.
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8
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Turna Demir F, Demir E. Exposure to boron trioxide nanoparticles and ions cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, and phenotypic alterations in Drosophila melanogaster as an in vivo model. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1854-1867. [PMID: 35837816 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Boron trioxide nanoparticles (B2 O3 NPs) have recently been widely used in a range of applications including electronic device technologies, acousto-optic apparatus fields and as nanopowder for the production of special glasses. We propose Drosophila melanogaster as a useful in vivo model system to study the genotoxic risks associated with NP exposure. In this study we have conducted a genotoxic evaluation of B2 O3 NPs (size average 55.52 ± 1.41 nm) and its ionic form in D. melanogaster. B2 O3 NPs were supplied to third instar larvae at concentrations ranging from 0.1-10 mM. Toxicity, intracellular oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species, ROS), phenotypic alterations, genotoxic effect (via the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART), and DNA damage (via Comet assay) were the end-points evaluated. B2 O3 NPs did not cause any mutagenic/recombinogenic effects in all tested non-toxic concentrations in Drosophila SMART. Negative data were also obtained with the ionic form. Exposure to B2 O3 NPs and its ionic form (at two highest concentrations, 2.5 and 5 mM) was found to induce DNA damage in Comet assay. Additionally, ROS induction in hemocytes and phenotypic alterations were determined in the mouths and legs of Drosophila. This study is the first study reporting genotoxicity data in the somatic cells of Drosophila larvae, emphasizing the importance of D. melanogaster as a model organism in investigating the different biological effects in a concentration dependent manner caused by B2 O3 NPs and its ionic form. The obtained in vivo results contribute to improvement the genotoxicity database on the B2 O3 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Turna Demir
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Eşref Demir
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
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9
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Cappoli N, Jenkinson MD, Russo CD, Dickens D. LAT1, a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of glioblastoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115103. [PMID: 35618000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The L-Type Amino Acid transporter, LAT1 (SLC7A5), has a crucial role in mediating amino acid uptake into the cells, thus modulating cell growth and proliferation as well as other intracellular functions. Different studies have reported a central role of LAT1 in glioblastoma development and progression, suggesting that the modulation of its activity could be a novel therapeutic strategy. LAT1 also has an important role in the peripheral immune system, by regulating the activation status of several immune cells through modulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase. In glioblastoma (GBM), the blood-brain barrier is disrupted, which allows the recruitment of peripheral immune cells to the tumour site. These cells, together with resident microglia, contribute to cancer growth and progression. Currently, little is known about the function of LAT1 in the reprogramming of the immune component of the tumour microenvironment in the context of GBM. In this article, we review the available data on the role of LAT1 in the regulation of GBM biology, including its potential role in the tumour microenvironment, particularly in infiltrating-peripheral immune cells and resident microglial cells. In addition, we review the available data on the main pharmacological inhibitors of LAT1, aiming to evaluate their possible role as novel therapeutics for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cappoli
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael D Jenkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Dello Russo
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - David Dickens
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Kondo N, Hirano F, Temma T. Evaluation of 3-Borono-l-Phenylalanine as a Water-Soluble Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Agent. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051106. [PMID: 35631692 PMCID: PMC9143228 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (4-BPA) is currently the only marketed agent available for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), its low water solubility raises concerns. In this study, we synthesized 3-borono-l-phenylalanine (3-BPA), a positional isomer of 4-BPA, with improved water solubility. We further evaluated its physicochemical properties, tumor accumulation, and biodistribution. The water solubility of 3-BPA was 125 g/L, which is more than 100 times higher than that of 4-BPA. Due to the high water solubility, we prepared the administration solution of 3-BPA without a solubilizer sugar, which is inevitably added to 4-BPA preparation and has adverse effects. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, boron accumulation in cancers after administration was statistically equivalent in both sugar-complexed 3-BPA and 4-BPA. Furthermore, the biodistribution of 3-BPA was comparable with that of sugar-complexed 3-BPA. Since 3-BPA has high water solubility and tumor targetability equivalent to 4-BPA, 3-BPA can replace 4-BPA in future BNCT.
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11
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Importance of radiobiological studies for the advancement of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e14. [PMID: 35357286 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumour selective particle radiotherapy, based on the administration of boron carriers incorporated preferentially by tumour cells, followed by irradiation with a thermal or epithermal neutron beam. BNCT clinical results to date show therapeutic efficacy, associated with an improvement in patient quality of life and prolonged survival. Translational research in adequate experimental models is necessary to optimise BNCT for different pathologies. This review recapitulates some examples of BNCT radiobiological studies for different pathologies and clinical scenarios, strategies to optimise boron targeting, enhance BNCT therapeutic effect and minimise radiotoxicity. It also describes the radiobiological mechanisms induced by BNCT, and the importance of the detection of biomarkers to monitor and predict the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of BNCT alone or combined with other strategies. Besides, there is a brief comment on the introduction of accelerator-based neutron sources in BNCT. These sources would expand the clinical BNCT services to more patients, and would help to make BNCT a standard treatment modality for various types of cancer. Radiobiological BNCT studies have been of utmost importance to make progress in BNCT, being essential to design novel, safe and effective clinical BNCT protocols.
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12
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Zaboronok A, Khaptakhanova P, Uspenskii S, Bekarevich R, Mechetina L, Volkova O, Mathis BJ, Kanygin V, Ishikawa E, Kasatova A, Kasatov D, Shchudlo I, Sycheva T, Taskaev S, Matsumura A. Polymer-Stabilized Elemental Boron Nanoparticles for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Initial Irradiation Experiments. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040761. [PMID: 35456595 PMCID: PMC9032815 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sufficient boron-10 isotope (10B) accumulation by tumor cells is one of the main requirements for successful boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The inability of the clinically registered 10B-containing borophenylalanine (BPA) to maintain a high boron tumor concentration during neutron irradiation after a single injection has been partially solved by its continuous infusion; however, its lack of persistence has driven the development of new compounds that overcome the imperfections of BPA. We propose using elemental boron nanoparticles (eBNPs) synthesized by cascade ultrasonic dispersion and destruction of elemental boron microparticles and stabilized with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) as a core component of a novel boron drug for BNCT. These HEC particles are stable in aqueous media and show no apparent influence on U251, U87, and T98G human glioma cell proliferation without neutron beam irradiation. In BNCT experiments, cells incubated with eBNPs or BPA at an equivalent concentration of 40 µg 10B/mL for 24 h or control cells without boron were irradiated at an accelerator-based neutron source with a total fluence of thermal and epithermal neutrons of 2.685, 5.370, or 8.055 × 1012/cm2. The eBNPs significantly reduced colony-forming capacity in all studied cells during BNCT compared to BPA, verified by cell-survival curves fit to the linear-quadratic model and calculated radiobiological parameters, though the effect of both compounds differed depending on the cell line. The results of our study warrant further tumor targeting-oriented modifications of synthesized nanoparticles and subsequent in vivo BNCT experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zaboronok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Problems of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-3220; Fax: +81-29-853-3214
| | - Polina Khaptakhanova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70, Profsoyuznaya Street, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.U.)
| | - Sergey Uspenskii
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, 70, Profsoyuznaya Street, 117393 Moscow, Russia; (P.K.); (S.U.)
| | - Raman Bekarevich
- The Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 W272 Dublin, Ireland;
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ludmila Mechetina
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, 8/2 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (L.M.); (O.V.)
| | - Olga Volkova
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Novosibirsk, 8/2 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (L.M.); (O.V.)
| | - Bryan J. Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-8576, Japan;
| | - Vladimir Kanygin
- Laboratory of Medical and Biological Problems of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Kasatova
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Kasatov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Shchudlo
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sycheva
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Taskaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (D.K.); (I.S.); (T.S.); (S.T.)
- Laboratory of BNCT, Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Akira Matsumura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
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Zaboronok A, Taskaev S, Volkova O, Mechetina L, Kasatova A, Sycheva T, Nakai K, Kasatov D, Makarov A, Kolesnikov I, Shchudlo I, Bykov T, Sokolova E, Koshkarev A, Kanygin V, Kichigin A, Mathis BJ, Ishikawa E, Matsumura A. Gold Nanoparticles Permit In Situ Absorbed Dose Evaluation in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Malignant Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091490. [PMID: 34575566 PMCID: PMC8466622 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an anticancer modality realized through 10B accumulation in tumor cells, neutron irradiation of the tumor, and decay of boron atoms with the release of alpha-particles and lithium nuclei that damage tumor cell DNA. As high-LET particle release takes place inside tumor cells absorbed dose calculations are difficult, since no essential extracellular energy is emitted. We placed gold nanoparticles inside tumor cells saturated with boron to more accurately measure the absorbed dose. T98G cells accumulated ~50 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, 50 µg gold/mL) and boron-phenylalanine (BPA, 10, 20, 40 µg boron-10/mL), and were irradiated with a neutron flux of 3 × 108 cm−2s−1. Gamma-rays (411 keV) emitted by AuNPs in the cells were measured by a spectrometer and the absorbed dose was calculated using the formula D = (k × N × n)/m, where D was the absorbed dose (GyE), k—depth-related irradiation coefficient, N—number of activated gold atoms, n—boron concentration (ppm), and m—the mass of gold (g). Cell survival curves were fit to the linear-quadratic (LQ) model. We found no influence from the presence of the AuNPs on BNCT efficiency. Our approach will lead to further development of combined boron and high-Z element-containing compounds, and to further adaptation of isotope scanning for BNCT dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zaboronok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.T.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-3220; Fax: +81-29-853-3214
| | - Sergey Taskaev
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.T.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Olga Volkova
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 8/2 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Ludmila Mechetina
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 8/2 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Anna Kasatova
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Tatiana Sycheva
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Kei Nakai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Dmitrii Kasatov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandr Makarov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Iaroslav Kolesnikov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Ivan Shchudlo
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Timofey Bykov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Evgeniia Sokolova
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.T.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexey Koshkarev
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.T.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kanygin
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.T.); (E.S.); (A.K.); (V.K.)
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandr Kichigin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Lavrentieva, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (T.S.); (D.K.); (A.M.); (I.K.); (I.S.); (T.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Bryan J. Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, 2-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba 305-8576, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Eiichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Akira Matsumura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan; (E.I.); (A.M.)
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Sanada Y, Takata T, Tanaka H, Sakurai Y, Watanabe T, Suzuki M, Masunaga SI. HIF-1α affects sensitivity of murine squamous cell carcinoma to boron neutron capture therapy with BPA. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1441-1449. [PMID: 34264166 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1956004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To examine whether hypoxia and Hif-1α affect sensitivity of murine squamous cell carcinoma cells to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).Materials and methods SCC VII and SCC VII Hif-1α-deficient mouse tumor cells were incubated under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, and cell survival after BNCT was assessed. The intracellular concentration of the 10B-carrier, boronophenylalanine-10B (BPA), was estimated using an autoradiography technique. The expression profile of SLC7A5, which is involved in the uptake of BPA, and the amount of DNA damage caused by BNCT with BPA were examined. A cell survival assay was performed on cell suspensions prepared from tumor-bearing mice.Results Hypoxia ameliorated SCC VII cell survival after neutron irradiation with BPA, but not BSH. Hypoxia-treated SCC VII cells showed decreased intracellular concentrations of BPA and the down-regulated expression of the SLC7A5 protein. BPA uptake and the SLC7A5 protein were not decreased in hypoxia-treated Hif-1α-deficient cells, the survival of which was lower than that of SCC VII cells. More DNA damage was induced in SCC VII Hif-1α-deficient cells than in SCC VII cells. In experiments using tumor-bearing mice, the survival of SCC VII Hif-1α-deficient cells was lower than that of SCC VII cells.Conclusion. Hypoxia may decrease the effects of BNCT with BPA, whereas the disruption of Hif-1α enhanced sensitivity to BNCT with BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sanada
- Particle Radiation Biology, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Takushi Takata
- Particle Radiation Medical Physics, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Particle Radiation Medical Physics, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakurai
- Particle Radiation Medical Physics, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Watanabe
- Particle Radiation Biology, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Particle Radiation Oncology, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Masunaga
- Particle Radiation Biology, Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Japan
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OuYang C, Xie Y, Fu Q, Xu G. SYNPO2 suppresses hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells by regulating YAP-KLF5 axis. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101598. [PMID: 34333382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors that has a high incidence worldwide. Targeted therapy for CRC has received much attention recently. It is still necessary to develop novel and promising therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis. SYNPO2, also known as synapsopoprotein 2 or myopod, encodes actin binding proteins and has been characterized as a tumor suppressor for aggressive cancers. SYNPO2 has been reported to inhibit the activity of YAP/TAZ. However, whether SYNPO2 could regulate the progression of CRC through the YAP/YAZ signaling pathway remains unclear. Herein, it was found that the expression of SYNPO2 was low in hypoxia-exposed CRC cells, consistent with the data from TCGA database. SYNPO2 inhibited the growth of CRC cells upon hypoxia treatment and promoted the cell apoptosis. Additionally, SYNPO2 inhibited the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) CRC cell upon hypoxia treatment. Mechanically, the results demonstrated that SYNPO2 suppressed hypoxia-induced progression of CRC by regulating YAP-Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5) axis. Therefore, SYNPO2 can serve as a promising therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhui OuYang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Qubo Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, China.
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Fukuo Y, Hattori Y, Kawabata S, Kashiwagi H, Kanemitsu T, Takeuchi K, Futamura G, Hiramatsu R, Watanabe T, Hu N, Takata T, Tanaka H, Suzuki M, Miyatake SI, Kirihata M, Wanibuchi M. The Therapeutic Effects of Dodecaborate Containing Boronophenylalanine for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in a Rat Brain Tumor Model. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120437. [PMID: 33271972 PMCID: PMC7759915 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We have developed a new boron compound for application in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) named boronophenylalanine–amide alkyl dodecaborate (BADB). It is characterized by a larger amount of 10B per molecule, linking boronphenylalanine (BPA) and dodecaborate, and we conducted various experiments on its efficacy. Its high accumulation at the cellular level made it a promising novel drug, but it did not sufficiently accumulate in brain tumor tissue when intravenously administered. However, in neutron irradiation experiments, the drug showed remarkably high compound biological effectiveness and significantly prolonged the survival time in rat brain tumor models. We confirmed the antitumor efficacy of BADB in BNCT and its additional efficacy when administered in combination with BPA. Though this drug showed poor results when administered as a single agent, it was superior to BPA alone when administered in combination with BPA, making it a drug that we have been waiting for in our clinical practice. Abstract Background: The development of effective boron compounds is a major area of research in the study of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). We created a novel boron compound, boronophenylalanine–amide alkyl dodecaborate (BADB), for application in BNCT and focused on elucidating how it affected a rat brain tumor model. Methods: The boron concentration of F98 rat glioma cells following exposure to boronophenylalanine (BPA) (which is currently being utilized clinically) and BADB was evaluated, and the biodistributions in F98 glioma-bearing rats were assessed. In neutron irradiation studies, the in vitro cytotoxicity of each boron compound and the in vivo corresponding therapeutic effect were evaluated in terms of survival time. Results: The survival fractions of the groups irradiated with BPA and BADB were not significantly different. BADB administered for 6 h after the termination of convection-enhanced delivery ensured the highest boron concentration in the tumor (45.8 μg B/g). The median survival time in the BADB in combination with BPA group showed a more significant prolongation of survival than that of the BPA group. Conclusion: BADB is a novel boron compound for BNCT that triggers a prolonged survival effect in patients receiving BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fukuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (Y.F.); (H.K.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (G.F.); (R.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Yoshihide Hattori
- Research Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (Y.F.); (H.K.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (G.F.); (R.H.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-683-1221
| | - Hideki Kashiwagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (Y.F.); (H.K.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (G.F.); (R.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Takuya Kanemitsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (Y.F.); (H.K.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (G.F.); (R.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Koji Takeuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (Y.F.); (H.K.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (G.F.); (R.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Gen Futamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (Y.F.); (H.K.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (G.F.); (R.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Ryo Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (Y.F.); (H.K.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (G.F.); (R.H.); (M.W.)
| | - Tsubasa Watanabe
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan; (T.W.); (T.T.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Naonori Hu
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (N.H.); (S.-I.M.)
| | - Takushi Takata
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan; (T.W.); (T.T.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan; (T.W.); (T.T.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, 2 Asashiro-Nishi, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan; (T.W.); (T.T.); (H.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyatake
- Kansai BNCT Medical Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (N.H.); (S.-I.M.)
| | - Mitsunori Kirihata
- Research Center of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Masahiko Wanibuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka 569-8686, Japan; (Y.F.); (H.K.); (T.K.); (K.T.); (G.F.); (R.H.); (M.W.)
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Harada T, Hirose K, Wada Y, Sato M, Ichise K, Aoki M, Kato T, Takeda K, Takai Y. YC-1 sensitizes the antitumor effects of boron neutron capture therapy in hypoxic tumor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:524-534. [PMID: 32367141 PMCID: PMC7336550 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of boron into tumor cells is a key factor in the biological effects of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The uptake of boron agents is suppressed in hypoxic conditions, but the mechanism of hypoxia-induced modulation of suppression of boron uptake is not clear. Therefore, we evaluated whether hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) contributes to attenuation of the antitumor effects of BNCT in hypoxic tumor cells. We also tested whether YC-1, a HIF-1α-targeting inhibitor, has therapeutic potential with BNCT. To elucidate the mechanism of attenuation of the effects of BNCT caused by hypoxia, deferoxamine (DFO) was used in experiments. Cells were incubated in normal oxygen, hypoxic conditions (1% O2) or 5 μM DFO for 24 h. Then, cells were treated with 10B-boronophenylalanine (BPA) for 2 h and boron accumulation in cells was evaluated. To clarify the relationship between HIF-1α and L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), gene expression was evaluated by a using HIF-1α gene knockdown technique. Finally, to improve attenuation of the effects of BNCT in hypoxic cells, BNCT was combined with YC-1. Boron uptake was continuously suppressed up to 2 h after administration of BPA by 5 μM DFO treatment. In cells treated with 5 μM DFO, LAT1 expression was restored in HIF-1α-knocked down samples in all cell lines, revealing that HIF-1α suppresses LAT1 expression in hypoxic cells. From the results of the surviving fraction after BNCT combined with YC-1, treatment with YC-1 sensitized the antitumor effects of BNCT in cells cultured in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Harada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku BNCT Research Center, 7-10 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
- Course of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hirose
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku BNCT Research Center, 7-10 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yuki Wada
- Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mariko Sato
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Koji Ichise
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masahiko Aoki
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kato
- Preparing Section for New Faculty of Medical Science, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Course of Radiological Technology, School of Health Sciences, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Southern Tohoku BNCT Research Center, 7-10 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan
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18
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A novel therapeutic approach for anaplastic thyroid cancer through inhibition of LAT1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14616. [PMID: 31601917 PMCID: PMC6787004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel therapeutic approach is urgently needed for patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) due to its fatal and rapid progress. We recently reported that ATC highly expressed MYC protein and blocking of MYC through its selective inhibitor, JQ1, decreased ATC growth and improved survival in preclinical models. One of the important roles of MYC is regulation of L-neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) protein and inhibition of LAT1 would provide similar anti-tumor effect. We first identified that while the human ATC expresses LAT1 protein, it is little or not detected in non-cancerous thyroidal tissue, further supporting LAT1 as a good target. Then we evaluated the efficacy of JPH203, a LAT1 inhibitor, against ATC by using the in vitro cell-based studies and in vivo xenograft model bearing human ATC cells. JPH203 markedly inhibited proliferation of three ATC cell lines through suppression of mTOR signals and blocked cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. The tumor growth inhibition and decrease in size by JPH203 via inhibition of mTOR signaling and G0/G1 cell cycle associated proteins were further confirmed in xenograft models. These preclinical findings suggest that LAT1 inhibitors are strong candidates to control ATC, for which current treatment options are highly limited.
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Chen J, Yang Q, Liu M, Lin M, Wang T, Zhang Z, Zhong X, Guo N, Lu Y, Xu J, Wang C, Han M, Wei Q. Remarkable Boron Delivery Of iRGD-Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8161-8177. [PMID: 31632025 PMCID: PMC6790217 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an emerging binary radiotherapy, which is limited for application due to the challenge of targeted delivery into tumor nowadays. Here, we propose the use of iRGD-modified polymeric nanoparticles for active targeted delivery of boron and doxorubicin (DOX) in BNCT. Methods 10B-enriched BSH was covalently grafted to PEG-PCCL to prepare 10B-polymer, then surface-modified with iRGD. And, DOX was physically incorporated into polymers afterwards. Characterization of prepared polymers and in vitro release profile of DOX from polymers were determined by several methods. Cellular uptake of DOX was observed by confocal microscope. Accumulation of boron in cells and tissues was analyzed by ICP-MS. Biodistribution of DOX was studied by ex vivo fluorescence imaging and quantitative measurement. Tumor vascular normalization of Endostar for promoting delivery efficiency of boron on refractory B16F10 tumor was also studied. Results The polymers were monodisperse and spheroidal in water with an average diameter of 24.97 nm, which were relatively stable at physiological pH and showed a sustained release of DOX, especially at endolysosomal pH. Enhanced cellular delivery of DOX was found in iRGD-modified polymer group. Cellular boron uptake of iRGD-modified polymers in A549 cells was remarkably raised fivefold (209.83 ng 10B/106 cells) compared with BSH. The polymers represented prolonged blood circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation of 10B against BSH, and favorable tumor:normal tissue boron concentration ratios (tumor:blood = 14.11, tumor:muscle = 19.49) in A549 tumor-bearing mice 24 hrs after injection. Both fluorescence imaging and quantitative measurement showed the highest tumor accumulation of DOX at 24 hrs after injecting of iRGD-modified polymers. Improvement of vascular integrity and reduction of vascular mimicries were found after Endostar injection, and raised tumor accumulation of boron as well. Conclusion The developed nanoparticle is an inspiring candidate for the safe clinical application for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejian Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyao Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Minchen Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Lin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Zhong
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Guo
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Si J, Gan L, Di C, Xie Y, Sun C, Li H, Guo M, Zhang H. Research progress on therapeutic targeting of quiescent cancer cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2810-2820. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1638793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Si
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Menghuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Albuz Ö, Dülger D, Tunali BÇ, Aydin F, Yalçin S, Türk M. Effects of B2O3 (boron trioxide) on colon cancer cells: our first-step experience and in vitro results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:209-223. [PMID: 31320819 PMCID: PMC6620035 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1901-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Boron oxide (B2O3) is derived from dehydration of boric acid and is a colorless, semitransparent, crystalline compound that is moderately soluble in water. On the other hand, boron oxide is chemically hygroscopic. This gives the molecule the ability to soak up water and adhere to tissues. Boron oxide can be used locally after tumor debulking in inoperable tumors and especially when the tumor-free margin distance cannot be provided. For all these reasons we aimed to evaluate the in vitro test results of B2O3 in terms of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrotic effects on L929 fibroblast cells and DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Our studies demonstrated that boron oxide compounds appear to be highly cytotoxic for both cell lines according to WST cell viability assay (44.22% and 18.36% on DLD-1 and L929, respectively). Although no genotoxic effects were observed, boron oxide compounds showed antiproliferative effects for both cell lines. The prepared boron oxide compounds may hold the potential to be applied locally to the remaining tissue after surgery and further research and evaluation will be needed to determine its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Albuz
- Department of General Surgery, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Dülger
- Department of Medical Microbiology of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Beste Çağdaş Tunali
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Feray Aydin
- Department of General Surgery, 29 Mayıs State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selim Yalçin
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Türk
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Gaseous signaling molecules and their application in resistant cancer treatment: from invisible to visible. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:323-336. [PMID: 30802141 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer remains a critical obstacle for efficient chemotherapy. Many MDR reversal agents have been discovered but failed in clinical trials due to severe toxic effects. Gaseous signaling molecules (GSMs), such as oxygen, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, play key roles in regulating cell biological function and MDR. Compared with other toxic chemosensitizing agents, GSMs are endogenous and biocompatible molecules with little side effects. Research show that GSM modulators, including pharmaceutical formulations of GSMs (combined with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs) and GSM-donors (small molecules with GSMs releasing property), can overcome or reverse MDR. This review discusses the roles of these four GSMs in modulating MDR, and summarizes GSMs modulators in treating cancers with drug resistance.
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Garcia AA, Rayevski A, Andrade-Jorge E, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. Structural and biological overview of Boron-containing amino acids in the medicinal chemistry field. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:5077-5089. [PMID: 30259808 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180926150403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids are the basic structural units of proteins as well as the precursors of many compounds with biological activity. The addition of boron reportedly induces changes in the chemical-biological profile of amino acids. METHODS We compiled information on the biological effect of some compounds and discuss the structure-activity relationship of the addition of boron. The specific focus presently is on borinic derivatives of α-amino acids, the specific changes in biological activity caused by the addition of a boron-containing moiety, and the identification of some attractive compounds for testing as potential new drugs. RESULTS Borinic derivatives of α-amino acids have been widely synthesized and tested as potential new therapeutic tools. The B-N (1.65 A°) or B-C (1.61 A°) or B-O (1.50 A°) bond is often key for the stability at different pHs and temperatures and activity of these compounds. The chemical features of synthesized derivatives, such as the specific moieties and the logP, polarizability and position of the boron atom are clearly linked to their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. Some mechanisms of action have been suggested or demonstrated, while those responsible for other effects remain unknown. CONCLUSION The increasing number of synthetic borinic derivatives of α-amino acids as well as the recently reported crystal structures are providing new insights into the stability of these compounds at different pHs and temperatures, their interactions on drug targets, and the ring formation of five-membered heterocycles. Further research is required to clarify the ways to achieve specific synthesis, the mechanisms involved in the observed biological effect, and the toxicological profile of this type of boron-containing compounds (BCCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Abad Garcia
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina. Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, 11340, Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Alexey Rayevski
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukranie. 17 Generala Naumova St., 03164, Kyiv. Ukraine
| | - Erik Andrade-Jorge
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion. Escuela Superior de Medicina. Plan de San Luis y Diaz Miron s/n, 11340, Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Jose G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Escuela Superior de Medicina. Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón s/n, 11340, Mexico City. Mexico
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