1
|
Łysek-Gładysińska M, Wieczorek A, Walaszczyk A, Jelonek K, Pietrowska M, Widłak P, Kulik R, Gabryś D. Late Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Ultrastructure of Hepatocytes and Activity of Lysosomal Enzymes in Mouse Liver Irradiated In Vivo. Metabolites 2024; 14:212. [PMID: 38668340 PMCID: PMC11051989 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate late radiation-induced changes in the histology, ultrastructure, and activity of lysosomal enzymes in mouse liver exposed to ionizing radiation. The experiment was conducted on C57BL/6J male mice whose distal part of the liver was exposed occasionally to single doses of radiation (6 MV photons) during targeted heart irradiation; estimated doses delivered to analyzed tissue were 0.025 Gy, 0.25 Gy, 1 Gy, and 2 Gy. Tissues were collected 40 weeks after irradiation. We have observed that late effects of radiation have an adaptive nature and their intensity was dose-dependent. Morphological changes in hepatocytes included an increased number of primary lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles, which were visible in tissues irradiated with 0.25 Gy and higher doses. On the other hand, a significant increase in the activity of lysosomal hydrolases was observed only in tissues exposed to 2 Gy. The etiology of these changes may be multifactorial and result, among others, from unintentional irradiation of the distal part of the liver and/or functional interaction of the liver with an irradiated heart. In conclusion, we confirmed the presence of late dose-dependent ultrastructural and biochemical changes in mouse hepatocytes after liver irradiation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wieczorek
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Anna Walaszczyk
- Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK;
| | - Karol Jelonek
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (K.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (K.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Piotr Widłak
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Roland Kulik
- Department of Radiotherapy Planning, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Dorota Gabryś
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maan K, Baghel R, Dhariwal S, Sharma A, Bakhshi R, Rana P. Metabolomics and transcriptomics based multi-omics integration reveals radiation-induced altered pathway networking and underlying mechanism. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:42. [PMID: 37689794 PMCID: PMC10492812 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancement in integrated multi-omics has significantly contributed to many areas of the biomedical field. Radiation research has also grasped uprising omics technologies in biomarker identification to aid in triage management. Herein, we have used a combinatorial multi-omics approach based on transcriptomics together with metabolomics and lipidomics of blood from murine exposed to 1 Gy (LD) and 7.5 Gy (HD) of total-body irradiation (TBI) for a comprehensive understanding of biological processes through integrated pathways and networking. Both omics displayed demarcation of HD group from controls using multivariate analysis. Dysregulated amino acids, various PC, PE and carnitine were observed along with many dysregulated genes (Nos2, Hmgcs2, Oxct2a, etc.). Joint-Pathway Analysis and STITCH interaction showed radiation exposure resulted in changes in amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, nucleotide, and fatty acid metabolism. Elicited immune response was also observed by Gene Ontology. BioPAN has predicted Elovl5, Elovl6 and Fads2 for fatty acid pathways, only in HD group. Collectively, the combined omics approach facilitated a better understanding of processes uncovering metabolic pathways. Presumably, this is the first in radiation metabolomics that utilized an integrated omics approach following TBI in mice. Our work showed that omics integration could be a valuable tool for better comprehending the mechanism as well as molecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maan
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
- Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Baghel
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Dhariwal
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Sharma
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Rana
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang KX, Ye C, Yang X, Ma P, Yan C, Luo L. New Insights into the Understanding of Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Heart Disease. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:12-29. [PMID: 36598620 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cancer patients who receive high-dose thoracic radiotherapy may develop radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The clinical presentation of RIHD comprises coronary artery atherosclerosis, valvular disease, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, and conduction defects. These complications have significantly reduced due to the improved radiotherapy techniques. However, such methods still could not avoid heart radiation exposure. Furthermore, people who received relatively low-dose radiation exposures have exhibited significantly elevated RIHD risks in cohort studies of atomic bomb survivors and occupational exposures. The increased potential in exposure to natural and artificial ionizing radiation sources has emphasized the necessity to understand the development of RIHD. The pathological processes of RIHD include endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. The underlying mechanisms may involve the changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage response, telomere erosion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, circulation factors, protein post-translational modification, and metabolites. This review will discuss the recent advances in the mechanisms of RIHD at cellular and molecular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xuan Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ye
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Metabolomic Profiles on Antiblastic Cardiotoxicity: New Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Cardioprotection. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226745. [PMID: 36431222 PMCID: PMC9693331 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiblastic drugs-induced cardiomyopathy remains a relevant cause of morbidity and mortality, during and after chemotherapy, despite the progression in protective therapy against cardiovascular diseases and myocardial function. In the last few decades, many groups of researchers have focused their attention on studying the metabolic profile, first in animals, and, subsequently, in humans, looking for profiles which could be able to predict drug-induced cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular damage. In clinical practice, patients identified as being at risk of developing cardiotoxicity undergo a close follow-up and more tailored therapies. Injury to the heart can be a consequence of both new targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and conventional chemotherapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines. This review aims to describe all of the studies carried on this topic of growing interest.
Collapse
|
5
|
A multi-omics approach based on 1H-NMR metabonomics combined with target protein analysis to reveal the mechanism of RIAISs on cervical carcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 15:1878-1889. [PMID: 36170024 PMCID: PMC10085587 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma (CC) is the fourth most common cancer in females and radiotherapy is always as the definitive therapy for cervical cancer patients who are not suitable for surgery. Radiation-induced acute intestinal symptoms (RIAISs) occur in 50-80% of cervical cancer patients. Some research shows that RIAISs may relate to inflammatory reaction by radiotherapy but the action mechanism is also not clearly and the details of the molecular mechanism are still urgently needed. In this paper, basing on 1H-NMR metabonomic and bioinformatics analysis, an integrated multi-omics analysis including metabonomics and bioinformatics was performed. We propose a hypothesis about pathogenic mechanism on RIAISs and proofed it through western-blot. Our results indicated significant dysregulation of metabolic pathways in RIAIS patients. Most importantly, we found that RIAISs were associated p53 and PI3K-AKT pathway.
Collapse
|
6
|
The Radioprotective Activity of Resveratrol—Metabolomic Point of View. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060478. [PMID: 35736411 PMCID: PMC9229206 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a plant-derived polyphenol, is an intensively studied compound with widely documented positive effects on health. Antioxidant activity is the property most often mentioned as responsible for its beneficial effects. Therefore, since the adverse effect of ionizing radiation is primarily related to the induction of oxidative stress, the question arises of whether the use of resveratrol could have a radioprotective effect. This paper summarizes the data on the cytoprotective activity of resveratrol and pieces of evidence for the potential interplay between response to radiation and resveratrol activity. The paper focuses on changes in the metabolic profile of cells and organisms induced by ionizing radiation and exposure to resveratrol. The comparison of metabolic changes induced by both factors provides a rationale for the potential mechanism of the radioprotective effects of resveratrol.
Collapse
|
7
|
Maan K, Baghel R, Bakhshi R, Dhariwal S, Tyagi R, Rana P. An integrative chemometric approach and correlative metabolite networking of LC-MS and 1H NMR based urine metabolomics for radiation signatures. Mol Omics 2022; 18:214-225. [PMID: 34982087 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing threat of nuclear terrorism or radiological accident has made high throughput radiation biodosimetry a requisite for the immediate response for triage. Owing to detection of subtle alterations in biological pathways before the onset of clinical conditions, metabolomics has become an important tool for studying biomarkers and the related mechanisms for radiation induced damage. Here, we have attempted to combine two detection techniques, LC-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy, to obtain a comprehensive metabolite profile of urine at 24 h following lethal (7.5 Gy) and sub-lethal (5 Gy) irradiation in mice. Integrated data analytics using multiblock-OPLSDA (MB-OPLSDA), correlation networking and pathway analysis was used to identify metabolic disturbances associated with radiation exposure. MB-OPLSDA revealed better clustering and separation of irradiated groups compared with controls without overfitting (p-value of CV-ANOVA: 1.5 × 10-3). Metabolites identified through MB-OPLSDA, namely, taurine, creatine, citrate and 2-oxoglutarate, were found to be dose independent markers and further support and validate our earlier findings as potential radiation injury biomarkers. Integrated analysis resulted in the enhanced coverage of metabolites and better correlation networking in energy, taurine, gut flora, L-carnitine and nucleotide metabolism observed post irradiation in urine. Our study thus emphasizes the major advantage of using the two detection techniques along with integrated analysis for better detection and comprehensive understanding of disturbed metabolites in biological pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maan
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Baghel
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Dhariwal
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Ritu Tyagi
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| | - Poonam Rana
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, S. K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi-54, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Yi J, Zhu J, Zhao C, Cui Y, Shi Y, Hao L, Lu J. Protective effect of coix seed seedling extract on 60 Co-γ radiation-induced oxidative stress in mice. J Food Sci 2021; 87:438-449. [PMID: 34919269 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause oxidative damage to human body, leading to various diseases and even death. In this study, the potential radioprotective effect of coix seed seedling extract (CSS-E) was studied through a model of 60 Co-γ radiation-induced oxidative stress in mice. Overall radioprotective effect of CSS-E against radiation-induced damage was evaluated by biochemical analysis and histopathological analysis. The results showed that CSS-E could significantly reduce the IR-induced damage to the hematopoietic system. CSS-E-M (200 mg/kg BW) pretreatment could increase the activities of superoxide dismutase in serum, liver, and spleen increased by 31.68%, 45.10%, and 56.67%, respectively, and the glutathione peroxidase levels in serum, liver, and spleen of mice were improved by 19.17%, 41.97%, and 130.56%, respectively. Meanwhile, the glutathione levels of serum, liver, and spleen in CSS-E-M group were increased by 17.10%, 35.06%, and 40.71%, respectively. The contents of MDA in different tissues and serum could be reduced by CSS-E-M treatment to the normal level. Moreover, CSS-E could markedly reduce the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in radiation mice, among which CSS-E-M group showed maximum restoration with decreased AST and ALT levels by 20.13% and 32.76% as compared against IR group. In conclusion, these results indicated that CSS-E could be used as a potential natural radioprotectant against IR-induced damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changcheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limin Hao
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silva CL, Perestrelo R, Capelinha F, Tomás H, Câmara JS. An integrative approach based on GC-qMS and NMR metabolomics data as a comprehensive strategy to search potential breast cancer biomarkers. Metabolomics 2021; 17:72. [PMID: 34389918 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01823-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, breast cancer (BC) is leading at the top of women's diseases and, as a multifactorial disease, there is the need for the development of new approaches to aid clinicians on monitoring BC treatments. In this sense, metabolomic studies have become an essential tool allowing the establishment of interdependency among metabolites in biological samples. OBJECTIVE The combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-qMS) based metabolomic analyses of urine and breast tissue samples from BC patients and cancer-free individuals was used. METHODS Multivariate statistical tools were used in order to obtain a panel of metabolites that could discriminate malignant from healthy status assisting in the diagnostic field. Urine samples (n = 30), cancer tissues (n = 30) were collected from BC patients, cancer-free tissues were resected outside the tumor margin from the same donors (n = 30) while cancer-free urine samples (n = 40) where obtained from healthy subjects and analysed by NMR and GC-qMS methodologies. RESULTS The orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis model showed a clear separation between BC patients and cancer-free subjects for both classes of samples. Specifically, for urine samples, the goodness of fit (R2Y) and predictive ability (Q2) was 0.946 and 0.910, respectively, whereas for tissue was 0.888 and 0.813, revealing a good predictable accuracy. The discrimination efficiency and accuracy of tissue and urine metabolites was ascertained by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis that allowed the identification of metabolites with high sensitivity and specificity. The metabolomic pathway analysis identified several dysregulated pathways in BC, including those related with lactate, valine, aspartate and glutamine metabolism. Additionally, correlations between urine and tissue metabolites were investigated and five metabolites (e.g. acetone, 3-hexanone, 4-heptanone, 2-methyl-5-(methylthio)-furan and acetate) were found to be significant using a dual platform approach. CONCLUSION Overall, this study suggests that an improved metabolic profile combining NMR and GC-qMS may be useful to achieve more insights regarding the mechanisms underlying cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Luís Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Filipa Capelinha
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Avenida Luís de Camões, nº 57, 9004-514, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exactas e Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exactas e Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tapio S, Little MP, Kaiser JC, Impens N, Hamada N, Georgakilas AG, Simar D, Salomaa S. Ionizing radiation-induced circulatory and metabolic diseases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106235. [PMID: 33157375 PMCID: PMC10686049 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Risks to health are the prime consideration in all human situations of ionizing radiation exposure and therefore of relevance to radiation protection in all occupational, medical, and public exposure situations. Over the past few decades, advances in therapeutic strategies have led to significant improvements in cancer survival rates. However, a wide range of long-term complications have been reported in cancer survivors, in particular circulatory diseases and their major risk factors, metabolic diseases. However, at lower levels of exposure, the evidence is less clear. Under real-life exposure scenarios, including radiotherapy, radiation effects in the whole organism will be determined mainly by the response of normal tissues receiving relatively low doses, and will be mediated and moderated by systemic effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for further research on the impact of low-dose radiation. In this article, we review radiation-associated risks of circulatory and metabolic diseases in clinical, occupational or environmental exposure situations, addressing epidemiological, biological, risk modelling, and systems biology aspects, highlight the gaps in knowledge and discuss future directions to address these gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soile Tapio
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Impens
- Institute of Environment, Health and Safety, Biosphere Impact Studies, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Greece
| | - David Simar
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|