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Ren F, Zhao S, Yang C, Liu J, Shang Q, Feng K, Kang X, Zhang R, Wang X, Wang X. Applications of photodynamic therapy in extramammary Paget's disease. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4492-4507. [PMID: 37970368 PMCID: PMC10636668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare form of adenocarcinoma usually found in apocrine gland-containing cutaneous regions. EMPD affects the vulvar area most commonly, followed by the perianal area, scrotum, penis, and axillary region. In its initial form, EMPD presents as an erythematous plaque with well-defined edges, fine scaling, excoriations, exulcerations, and lichenification. Generally, a definitive diagnosis can be made through histopathological analysis. Importantly, associated malignancies should be investigated prior to treatment initiation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a modern, noninvasive treatment strategy for non-oncological diseases as well as various cancers. In recent years, PDT has been widely used to treat EMPD. This present article presents a discussion of the diagnosis and treatment of EMPD as well as the usefulness of PDT in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Shuangtao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Chenxuan Yang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Qingyao Shang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Kexin Feng
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Xiyu Kang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | | | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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Rudnicki Y, Stapleton SM, Batra R, Gan T, Mathis KL, Kelley SR. Perianal Paget's-an aggressive disease. Colorectal Dis 2023. [PMID: 36945125 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Perianal Paget's disease (PAPD) is a rare disorder with a predisposition to anal and colorectal malignancies and an unclear prognosis. Our previous 25-year series demonstrated a non-aggressive nature. This study aims to describe our updated institutional experience. METHODS This is a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with primary PAPD from 1991 to 2021. A prospectively maintained institutional database was searched which included demographics, clinical and pathological manifestations, treatment methods, recurrence, oncological outcome and mortality. RESULTS Thirty patients were diagnosed with PAPD. Fifteen were women (50%); the average age at diagnosis was 71 ± 10.7 years, and the average lesion size was 3.7 ± 2.6 cm. At diagnosis, 12 (40%) were harbouring invasive anal adenocarcinoma. Eight (27%) developed adenocarcinomas concurrent with PAPD recurrence at a mean interval of 9 ± 4.4 years (range 1.9-14.8). The Kaplan-Meier curve estimated overall survival of 93%, 86%, 82%, 65% and 56% at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Median survival was 16 years. Six (20%) had disease-related mortality. Initially, nine (30%) were treated with abdominoperineal resection (APR), 15 (50%) underwent local resection, three (10%) were treated with radiotherapy, two (7%) received only topical therapy and one (3%) chose observation. Fifteen (50%) experienced recurrence of PAPD, two after undergoing APR. Five (17%) had persistent disease until death. Only 10 (33%) did not experience PAPD recurrence, seven of whom underwent APR. The mean follow-up time was 9.2 ± 6.2 years. CONCLUSIONS Perianal Paget's disease is an aggressive entity with high rates of synchronous anal adenocarcinoma at diagnosis and development of metachronous adenocarcinoma later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Rudnicki
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sahael M Stapleton
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rishi Batra
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tong Gan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kellie L Mathis
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott R Kelley
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Deng H, Fang X, Li M. Extramammary Paget disease: five perianal case report and treatment options. J Surg Case Rep 2021; 2021:rjab262. [PMID: 34158916 PMCID: PMC8211030 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjab262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present five cases of perianal Paget disease (PPD). Two cases underwent a wide local excision (WLE) of PPD plus skin flap transfer surgery with good curative effect. One case of PPD complicated with mucinous adenocarcinoma underwent a laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (Miles), which may be the extremes of clinical treatment of the disease. The remaining two cases passed away without surgery after they refused further treatments. This article aims to draw attention to relationship among the correct diagnosis, protection of anal function and treatment options of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Deng
- Anorectal Surgery Center, Second Hospital Affiliated Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- Anorectal Surgery Center, First Hospital Affiliated Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Anorectal Surgery Center, First Hospital Affiliated Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Santos MD, Soares F, Presa-Fernandes JM, Silva DS. Perianal Paget Disease: Different Entities With the Same Name. Cureus 2021; 13:e15161. [PMID: 34168927 PMCID: PMC8215450 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare form of cancer that involves skin areas rich in apocrine glands. The common sites of occurrence include the vulva, perianal region, perineum, and axilla. Perianal Paget disease (PPD) is a subset of EMPD, which arises in the perianal skin. The disease commonly presents with a thickened plaque-like lesion with erythema or white scaly appearance. It is generally classified into two categories based on the origin of the tumor cells: (1) primary PPD if the tumor arises from intraepidermal cells and (2) secondary PPD if cancer originates from the underlying colorectal or urinary tract neoplasm. Due to its rarity, only a few sporadic case reports have been published in the literature, and treatment methods are yet to be standardized. In light of this, we report two PPD cases with different etiopathogenesis and staging: one involved only the perianal skin without regional or metastatic disease, and was not accompanied by visceral adenocarcinomas although there was a previous history of sigmoid adenocarcinoma; the other was probably secondary to an anal canal tumor spreading with disseminated disease involving the perianal and perineum area with bilateral inguinal, pelvic lymph node, and liver metastasis. The treatment plans and the outcomes of both cases were necessarily different from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D Santos
- Colorectal Surgery, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS) - University of Porto, Porto, PRT.,Colorectal Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, PRT
| | - Filomena Soares
- Colorectal Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, PRT
| | | | - Donzília S Silva
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, PRT
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Dos Santos JS, Bonafé GA, Pereira JA, Kanno DT, Martinez CAR, Ortega MM. Rare perianal extramammary Paget disease successfully treated using topical Imiquimod therapy. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:921. [PMID: 30253739 PMCID: PMC6157056 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perianal Paget’s disease (PPD) is a rare intraepithelial adenocarcinoma of the anal margin. Primary PPD likely represents intra-epithelial neoplasm from an apocrine source, whereas secondary disease may represent “pagetoid” spread from an anorectal malignancy. Case presentation Histologic CDX-2 and CK20 are hallmark markers for colorectal-derived Paget’s cells. Interestingly, our primary PPD patient presented both positive and no internal malignancy was identified. In addition, a negative CK7 marker was observed in our case in contrast with previously reported. Surgical excision is the standard treatment; however, previous studies have demonstrated good response with Imiquimod 5% cream in patients with vulval extramammary Paget disease (EMPD). The efficiency of Imiquimod treatment for PPD has not been well described. Our PPD patient was successfully treated using Imiquimod 5% cream. Conclusions This study describes a primary cutaneous PPD patient CDX-2+/CK20+/CK7- without invasion of the dermis and no associated colorectal carcinoma effectively treated using topical Imiquimod therapy, suggesting that Imiquimod might potentially be considered as a first-line treatment for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Silva Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Postgraduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José , Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Alves Bonafé
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Postgraduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José , Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - José Aires Pereira
- Department of Surgery and Proctology, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Toshio Kanno
- Department of Surgery and Proctology, São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, Department of Postgraduate Program in Health Science, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José , Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil.
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