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Gu J, Guan Z, Jiao Y, Liu K, Hong D. The story of a decade: Genomics, functional genomics, and molecular breeding in Brassica napus. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100884. [PMID: 38494786 PMCID: PMC11009362 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the major global sources of edible vegetable oil and is also used as a feed and pioneer crop and for sightseeing and industrial purposes. Improvements in genome sequencing and molecular marker technology have fueled a boom in functional genomic studies of major agronomic characters such as yield, quality, flowering time, and stress resistance. Moreover, introgression and pyramiding of key functional genes have greatly accelerated the genetic improvement of important traits. Here we summarize recent progress in rapeseed genomics and genetics, and we discuss effective molecular breeding strategies by exploring these findings in rapeseed. These insights will extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process, ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432100 Hubei, China
| | - Zhilin Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Yushun Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya 572024 Hainan, China.
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Ye X, Deng Q, Xu S, Huang Y, Wei D, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wang H, Tang Q. CsSPL13A directly binds and positively regulates CsFT and CsBAM to accelerate flowering in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108395. [PMID: 38290342 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Flowering is an important developmental transition that greatly affects the yield of many vegetable crops. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus), flowering is regulated by various factors including squamosa promoter-binding-like (SPL) family proteins. However, the role of CsSPL genes in cucumber flowering remains largely unknown. In this study, we cloned the squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 13A (CsSPL13A) gene, which encodes a highly conserved SBP-domain protein that acts as a transcription factor and localizes to the nucleus. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that CsSPL13A was mainly expressed in flowers, and its expression level increased significantly nearing the flowering stage. Additionally, compared with the wild type(WT), CsSPL13A-overexpressing transgenic cucumber plants (CsSPL13A-OE) showed considerable differences in flowering phenotypes, such as early flowering, increased number of male flowers, and longer flower stalks. CsSPL13A upregulated the expression of the flowering integrator gene Flowering Locus T (CsFT) and the sugar-mediated flowering gene β-amylase (CsBAM) in cucumber. Yeast one-hybrid and firefly enzyme reporter assays confirmed that the CsSPL13A protein could directly bind to the promoters of CsFT and CsBAM, suggesting that CsSPL13A works together with CsFT and CsBAM to mediate flowering in cucumber. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the regulatory network of flowering in cucumber as well as new ideas for the genetic improvement of cucumber varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ye
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinlin Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shicheng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yifang Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dayong Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Hebing Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Qinglin Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wang P, Song Y, Xie Z, Wan M, Xia R, Jiao Y, Zhang H, Yang G, Fan Z, Yang QY, Hong D. Xiaoyun, a model accession for functional genomics research in Brassica napus. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100727. [PMID: 37777825 PMCID: PMC10811367 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yixian Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaoqi Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rui Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yushun Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhixiong Fan
- Crop Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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4
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Li B, Yang Q, Yang L, Zhou X, Deng L, Qu L, Guo D, Hui R, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang T, Fan L, Li M, Yan M. A gap-free reference genome reveals structural variations associated with flowering time in rapeseed ( Brassica napus). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad171. [PMID: 37841499 PMCID: PMC10569240 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Allopolyploid oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important oil crop and vegetable. However, the latest version of its reference genome, with collapsed duplications, gaps, and other issues, prevents comprehensive genomic analysis. Herein, we report a gap-free assembly of the rapeseed cv. Xiang5A genome using a combination of ONT (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) ultra-long reads, PacBio high-fidelity reads, and Hi-C datasets. It includes gap-free assemblies of all 19 chromosomes and telomere-to-telomere assemblies of eight chromosomes. Compared with previously published genomes of B. napus, our gap-free genome, with a contig N50 length of 50.70 Mb, has complete assemblies of 9 of 19 chromosomes without manual intervention, and greatly improves contiguity and completeness, thereby representing the highest quality genome assembly to date. Our results revealed that B. napus Xiang5A underwent nearly complete triplication and allotetraploidy relative to Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the gap-free assembly, we found that 917 flowering-related genes were affected by structural variation, including BnaA03.VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3 and BnaC04.HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1. These genes may play crucial roles in regulating flowering time and facilitating the adaptation of Xiang5A in the Yangtze River Basin of China. This reference genome provides a valuable genetic resource for rapeseed functional genomic studies and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Wuhan Benagen Tech Solutions Company Limited, Wuhan, Hubei 430021, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Lichao Deng
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Liang Qu
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Dengli Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Wuhan Benagen Tech Solutions Company Limited, Wuhan, Hubei 430021, China
| | - Rongkui Hui
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yiming Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xinhong Liu
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Tonghua Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Lianyi Fan
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Mei Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Mingli Yan
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Hybrid Rapeseed Engineering and Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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5
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Nishikawa M, Tamiru-Oli M, Hara M, Segawa T, Saiga S, Makita N, Itoh N, Imamura T, Sekine M, Takagi H. Non-vernalization requirement for flowering in Brassica rapa conferred by a dominant allele of FLOWERING LOCUS T. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:132. [PMID: 37199824 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We identified and characterized a dominant FT allele for flowering without vernalization in Brassica rapa, while demonstrating its potential for deployment in breeding to accelerate flowering in various Brassicaceae crops. Controlling the timing of flowering is key to improving yield and quality of several agricultural crops including the Brassicas. Many Brassicaceae crops possess a conserved flowering mechanism in which FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) represses the transcription of flowering activators such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) during vernalization. Here, we employed genetic analysis based on next-generation sequencing to identify a dominant FT allele, BraA.FT.2-C, for flowering in the absence of vernalization in the Brassica rapa cultivar 'CHOY SUM EX CHINA 3'. BraA.FT.2-C harbors two large insertions upstream of its coding region and is expressed without vernalization, despite FLC expression. We show that BraA.FT.2-C offers an opportunity to introduce flowering without vernalization requirement into winter-type brassica crops, including B. napus, which have many functional FLC paralogs. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of using B. rapa harboring BraA.FT.2-C as rootstock for grafting to induce flowering in radish (Raphanus sativus), which requires vernalization for flowering. We believe that the ability of BraA.FT.2-C to overcome repression by FLC can have significant applications in brassica crops breeding to increase yields by accelerating or delaying flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Nishikawa
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Muluneh Tamiru-Oli
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Makishi Hara
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tenta Segawa
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Sorachi Saiga
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Natsu Makita
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Noriaki Itoh
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imamura
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Masami Sekine
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
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Feng H, Guo C, Li Z, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Geng Z, Wang J, Chen G, Liu K, Li H, Yang W. Machine learning assisted dynamic phenotypes and genomic variants help understand the ecotype divergence in rapeseed. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1028779. [PMID: 36457523 PMCID: PMC9705987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Three ecotypes of rapeseed, winter, spring, and semi-winter, have been formed to enable the plant to adapt to different geographic areas. Although several major loci had been found to contribute to the flowering divergence, the genomic footprints and associated dynamic plant architecture in the vegetative growth stage underlying the ecotype divergence remain largely unknown in rapeseed. Here, a set of 41 dynamic i-traits and 30 growth-related traits were obtained by high-throughput phenotyping of 171 diverse rapeseed accessions. Large phenotypic variation and high broad-sense heritability were observed for these i-traits across all developmental stages. Of these, 19 i-traits were identified to contribute to the divergence of three ecotypes using random forest model of machine learning approach, and could serve as biomarkers to predict the ecotype. Furthermore, we analyzed genomic variations of the population, QTL information of all dynamic i-traits, and genomic basis of the ecotype differentiation. It was found that 213, 237, and 184 QTLs responsible for the differentiated i-traits overlapped with the signals of ecotype divergence between winter and spring, winter and semi-winter, and spring and semi-winter, respectively. Of which, there were four common divergent regions between winter and spring/semi-winter and the strongest divergent regions between spring and semi-winter were found to overlap with the dynamic QTLs responsible for the differentiated i-traits at multiple growth stages. Our study provides important insights into the divergence of plant architecture in the vegetative growth stage among the three ecotypes, which was contributed to by the genetic differentiation, and might contribute to environmental adaption and yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaocheng Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zedong Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Chen L, Lei W, He W, Wang Y, Tian J, Gong J, Hao B, Cheng X, Shu Y, Fan Z. Mapping of Two Major QTLs Controlling Flowering Time in Brassica napus Using a High-Density Genetic Map. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192635. [PMID: 36235500 PMCID: PMC9571212 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Research on the flowering habit of rapeseed is important for the selection of varieties adapted to specific ecological environments. Here, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the days-to-flowering trait were identified using a doubled haploid population of 178 lines derived from a cross between the winter type SGDH284 and the semi-winter type 158A. A linkage map encompassing 3268.01 cM was constructed using 2777 bin markers obtained from next-generation sequencing. The preliminary mapping results revealed 56 QTLs for the days to flowering in the six replicates in the three environments. Twelve consensus QTLs were identified by a QTL meta-analysis, two of which (cqDTF-C02 and cqDTF-C06) were designated as major QTLs. Based on the micro-collinearity of the target regions between B. napus and Arabidopsis, four genes possibly related to flowering time were identified in the cqDTF-C02 interval, and only one gene possibly related to flowering time was identified in the cqDTF-C06 interval. A tightly linked insertion-deletion marker for the cqFT-C02 locus was developed. These findings will aid the breeding of early maturing B. napus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Weixia Lei
- Crop Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wangfei He
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Jie Tian
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Jihui Gong
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Bing Hao
- Bengbu Ludu Crop Residue Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Yingjie Shu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
| | - Zhixiong Fan
- Crop Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Jin Q, Gao G, Guo C, Yang T, Li G, Song J, Zheng N, Yin S, Yi L, Li Z, Ge X, King GJ, Wang J, Zhou G. Transposon insertions within alleles of BnaFT.A2 are associated with seasonal crop type in rapeseed. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3469-3483. [PMID: 35997786 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We identified two new transposon insertions within the promoter of BnaFT.A2 in addition to an existing 288 bp MITE within the second intron. Each insertion event corresponds to a distinct BnaFT.A2 haplotype and is closely associated with established crop seasonal ecotypes. Florigen, encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), plays key roles not only as a flowering hormone, but also a universal growth factor affecting several aspects of plant architecture. In rapeseed, BnaFT.A2 has been revealed as one of the major loci associated with flowering time and different ecotypes. However, it is unclear how allelic variations of BnaFT.A2 affect its function in flowering time regulation and beyond. In this study, we confirmed an existing 288 bp miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) insertion within the second intron and identified two new insertions within the promoter of BnaFT.A2-a 3971 bp CACTA and a 1079 bp Helitron. Each insertion event corresponds to a distinct BnaFT.A2 haplotype and is closely associated with established crop seasonal ecotypes. These alleles have similar tissue-specific expression patterns but discrete transcriptional patterns tightly associated with rapeseed flowering time and ecotype. RNAi lines and mutants of BnaFT.A2 flowered significantly later than controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), identified in transcriptomic profiling of seedling leaves from two loss-of-function mutants (Bnaft.a2-L1 and Bnaft.a2-L2) compared with controls, indicated significant enrichment for hormone metabolic genes and roles related to plant cell wall synthesis and photosynthesis. Plants with loss-of-function BnaFT.A2 had smaller leaves and lower net photosynthetic rate compared to controls. These findings not only further clarify the genetic basis of flowering time variation and ecotype formation in B. napus, but also provide an additional toolbox for genetic improvement of seasonal adaptation and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gengdong Gao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaocheng Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taihua Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ge Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jurong Song
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Na Zheng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Licong Yi
- Cash Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, 321007, China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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9
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Winter warming post floral initiation delays flowering via bud dormancy activation and affects yield in a winter annual crop. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204355119. [PMID: 36122201 PMCID: PMC9522361 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204355119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In temperate climates many plant species use long-term detection of winter chilling as a seasonal cue. Previously the timing of flowering in winter annual plants has been shown to be controlled by the promotion of the floral transition by chilling, known as vernalization. In contrast, many temperate perennial species produce flower buds prior to winter and require winter chilling to break bud dormancy to enable bud break and flowering in the following spring. Here we show that flowering time in winter annuals can be controlled by bud dormancy and that in winter oilseed rape–reduced chilling during flower bud dormancy is associated with yield declines. Winter annual life history is conferred by the requirement for vernalization to promote the floral transition and control the timing of flowering. Here we show using winter oilseed rape that flowering time is controlled by inflorescence bud dormancy in addition to vernalization. Winter warming treatments given to plants in the laboratory and field increase flower bud abscisic acid levels and delay flowering in spring. We show that the promotive effect of chilling reproductive tissues on flowering time is associated with the activity of two FLC genes specifically silenced in response to winter temperatures in developing inflorescences, coupled with activation of a BRANCHED1-dependent bud dormancy transcriptional module. We show that adequate winter chilling is required for normal inflorescence development and high yields in addition to the control of flowering time. Because warming during winter flower development is associated with yield losses at the landscape scale, our work suggests that bud dormancy activation may be important for effects of climate change on winter arable crop yields.
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BnGF14-2c Positively Regulates Flowering via the Vernalization Pathway in Semi-Winter Rapeseed. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172312. [PMID: 36079694 PMCID: PMC9460199 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3s are general regulatory factors (GF14s or GRFs) involved in a variety of physiological regulations in plants, including the control of flowering time. However, there are poorly relevant reports in rapeseed so far. In this study, we identified a homologous 14-3-3 gene BnGF14-2c (AtGRF2_Like in Brassica napus) in rapeseed based on bioinformatic analysis by using the sequences of the flowering-related 14-3-3s in other plant species. Then, we found that overexpression of BnGF14-2c in the semi-winter rapeseed “93275” promoted flowering without vernalization. Moreover, both yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis indicated that BnGF14-2c may interact with two vernalization-related flowering regulators BnFT.A02 and BnFLC.A10., respectively. qPCR analysis showed that the expression of BnFT (AtFT_Like) was increased and the expression of two selected vernalization-related genes were reduced in the overexpression transgenic plants. Further investigation on subcellular localization demonstrated that BnGF14-2c localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The results of RNA-seq analysis and GUS staining indicated that BnGF14-2c is ubiquitously expressed except for mature seed coat. In general, the interaction of 14-3-3 and FLC was firstly documented in this study, indicating BnGF14-2c may act as a positive regulator of flowering in rapeseed, which is worthy for more in-depth exploration.
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Yang Z, Liang C, Wei L, Wang S, Yin F, Liu D, Guo L, Zhou Y, Yang QY. BnVIR: bridging the genotype-phenotype gap to accelerate mining of candidate variations underlying agronomic traits in Brassica napus. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:779-782. [PMID: 35144025 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Congyuan Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - LuLu Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengbo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feifan Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing-Yong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Wu N, Yao Y, Xiang D, Du H, Geng Z, Yang W, Li X, Xie T, Dong F, Xiong L. A MITE variation-associated heat-inducible isoform of a heat-shock factor confers heat tolerance through regulation of JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN genes in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1315-1331. [PMID: 35244216 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures cause huge yield losses in rice. Heat-shock factors (Hsfs) are key transcription factors which regulate the expression of heat stress-responsive genes, but natural variation in and functional characterization of Hsfs have seldom been reported. A significant heat response locus was detected via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using green leaf area as an indicative trait. A miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) in the promoter of a candidate gene, HTG3 (heat-tolerance gene on chromosome 3), was found to be significantly associated with heat-induced expression of HTG3 and heat tolerance (HT). The MITE-absent variant has been selected in heat-prone rice-growing regions. HTG3a is an alternatively spliced isoform encoding a functional Hsf, and experiments using overexpression and knockout rice lines showed that HTG3a positively regulates HT at both vegetative and reproductive stages. The HTG3-regulated genes were enriched for heat shock proteins and jasmonic acid signaling. Two heat-responsive JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) genes were confirmed to be directly upregulated by HTG3a, and one of them, OsJAZ9, positively regulates HT. We conclude that HTG3 plays an important role in HT through the regulation of JAZs and other heat-responsive genes. The MITE-absent allele may be valuable for HT breeding in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yilong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Denghao Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Du
- Institute of Crop science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zedong Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Faming Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
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13
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Fang C, Wang Z, Wang P, Song Y, Ahmad A, Dong F, Hong D, Yang G. Heterosis Derived From Nonadditive Effects of the BnFLC Homologs Coordinates Early Flowering and High Yield in Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:798371. [PMID: 35251061 PMCID: PMC8893081 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Early flowering facilitates crops to adapt multiple cropping systems or growing regions with a short frost-free season; however, it usually brings an obvious yield loss. In this study, we identified that the three genes, namely, BnFLC.A2, BnFLC.C2, and BnFLC.A3b, are the major determinants for the flowering time (FT) variation of two elite rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) accessions, i.e., 616A and R11. The early-flowering alleles (i.e., Bnflc.a2 and Bnflc.c2) and late-flowering allele (i.e., BnFLC.A3b) from R11 were introgressed into the recipient parent 616A through a breeding strategy of marker-assisted backcross, giving rise to eight homozygous near-isogenic lines (NILs) associated with these three loci and 19 NIL hybrids produced by the mutual crossing of these NILs. Phenotypic investigations showed that NILs displayed significant variations in both FT and plant yield (PY). Notably, genetic analysis indicated that BnFLC.A2, BnFLC.C2, and BnFLC.A3b have additive effects of 1.446, 1.365, and 1.361 g on PY, respectively, while their dominant effects reached 3.504, 2.991, and 3.284 g, respectively, indicating that the yield loss caused by early flowering can be successfully compensated by exploring the heterosis of FT genes in the hybrid NILs. Moreover, we further validated that the heterosis of FT genes in PY was also effective in non-NIL hybrids. The results demonstrate that the exploration of the potential heterosis underlying the FT genes can coordinate early flowering (maturation) and high yield in rapeseed (B. napus L.), providing an effective strategy for early flowering breeding in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caochuang Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixian Song
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ali Ahmad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Faming Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dengfeng Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangsheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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14
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Chen H, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhao T, Yang C, Ding Q, Zhang Y, Mu J, Wang D. Identification of WRKY transcription factors responding to abiotic stresses in Brassica napus L. PLANTA 2021; 255:3. [PMID: 34837557 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A total of 278 BnWRKYs were identified and analyzed. Ectopic expression of BnWRKY149 and BnWRKY217 suggests that they function in the ABA signaling pathway. WRKY transcription factors play an important role in plant development, however, their function in Brassica napus L. abiotic stress response is still unclear. In this study, a total of 278 BnWRKY transcription factors were identified from the B. napus genome data, and they were subsequently distributed in three main groups. The protein motifs and classification of BnWRKY transcription factors were analyzed, and the locations of their corresponding encoding genes were mapped on the chromosomes of B. napus. Transcriptome analysis of rapeseed seedlings exposed to drought, salt, heat, cold and abscisic acid treatment revealed that 99 BnWRKYs responded to at least one of these stresses. The expression profiles of 12 BnWRKYs were examined with qPCR and the result coincided with RNA-seq analysis. Two genes of interest, BnWRKY149 and BnWRKY217 (homologs of AtWRKY40), were overexpressed in Arabidopsis, and the corresponding proteins were located to the nucleus. Transgene plants of BnWRKY149 and BnWRKY217 were less sensitive to ABA than Arabidopsis Col-0 plants, suggesting they might play important roles in the responses of rapeseed to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Jiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Cuiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Qunying Ding
- School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianxin Mu
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - DaoJie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China.
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15
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Helal MMU, Gill RA, Tang M, Yang L, Hu M, Yang L, Xie M, Zhao C, Cheng X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu S. SNP- and Haplotype-Based GWAS of Flowering-Related Traits in Brassica napus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112475. [PMID: 34834840 PMCID: PMC8619824 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Traits related to flowering time are the most promising agronomic traits that directly impact the seed yield and oil quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Developing early flowering and maturity rapeseed varieties is an important breeding objective in B. napus. Many studies have reported on days to flowering, but few have reported on budding, bolting, and the interval between bolting and DTF. Therefore, elucidating the genetic architecture of QTLs and genes regulating flowering time, we presented an integrated investigation on SNP and haplotype-based genome-wide association study of 373 diverse B. napus germplasm, which were genotyped by the 60K SNP array and were phenotyped in the four environments. The results showed that a total of 15 and 37 QTLs were detected from SNP and haplotype-based GWAS, respectively. Among them, seven QTL clusters were identified by haplotype-based GWAS. Moreover, three and eight environmentally stable QTLs were detected by SNP-GWAS and haplotype-based GWAS, respectively. By integrating the above two approaches and by co-localizing the four traits, ten (10) genomic regions were under selection on chromosomes A03, A07, A08, A10, C06, C07, and C08. Interestingly, the genomic regions FT.A07.1, FT.A08, FT.C06, and FT.C07 were identified as novel. In these ten regions, a total of 197 genes controlling FT were detected, of which 14 highly expressed DEGs were orthologous to 13 Arabidopsis thaliana genes after integration with transcriptome results. In a nutshell, the above results uncovered the genetic architecture of important agronomic traits related to flowering time and provided a basis for multiple molecular marker-trait associations in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- MMU Helal
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Minqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Lingli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Meili Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Chuanji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (M.M.U.H.); (R.A.G.); (M.T.); (L.Y.); (M.H.); (L.Y.); (M.X.); (C.Z.); (X.C.); (S.L.)
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16
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Jin Q, Yin S, Li G, Guo T, Wan M, Li H, Li J, Ge X, King GJ, Li Z, Wang J, Zhou G. Functional homoeologous alleles of CONSTANS contribute to seasonal crop type in rapeseed. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3287-3303. [PMID: 34410456 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two CO paralogs in Brassica napus were confirmed and shown distinct expression pattern and function in promoting flowering and allelic variation s within BnaCO.A10 were found closely associated with ecotype divergence. CONSTANS (CO) is a key gene that responds to photoperiod and in Arabidopsis can promote flowering under long-day (LD) conditions. Brassica napus L. is a major oil crop and close relative of Arabidopsis, and arose via allopolyploidization from the diploids B. rapa (A genome) and B. oleracea (C genome). In this study, we confirmed that B. napus has two CO genes located on the A10 (BnaCO.A10) and C9 (BnaCO.C9) chromosomes. Significant differences in level and temporal pattern of transcription, as well as in protein function, of these homoeologous may have resulted from sequence variation in the promoter as well as in the coding region. Apart from two insertions of 527 bp and 2002 bp in the promoter of BnaCO.C9 that function as transcriptional enhancers, this gene is otherwise highly conserved in both promoter and coding region. However, BnaCO.A10 was classified into two haplotypes and transgene analysis in Arabidopsis and backcross analysis in rapeseed indicated that the winter-type haplotype had a greater effect in promoting flowering than the spring type. We discuss the contribution of CO alleles to species evolution, and for eco-geographic radiation following crop domestication, alongside scope for managing this locus in future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Jin
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ge Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Guo
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Wan
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haitao Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianhong Ge
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Zaiyun Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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17
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Hu D, Jing J, Snowdon RJ, Mason AS, Shen J, Meng J, Zou J. Exploring the gene pool of Brassica napus by genomics-based approaches. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1693-1712. [PMID: 34031989 PMCID: PMC8428838 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
De novo allopolyploidization in Brassica provides a very successful model for reconstructing polyploid genomes using progenitor species and relatives to broaden crop gene pools and understand genome evolution after polyploidy, interspecific hybridization and exotic introgression. B. napus (AACC), the major cultivated rapeseed species and the third largest oilseed crop in the world, is a young Brassica species with a limited genetic base resulting from its short history of domestication, cultivation, and intensive selection during breeding for target economic traits. However, the gene pool of B. napus has been significantly enriched in recent decades that has been benefit from worldwide effects by the successful introduction of abundant subgenomic variation and novel genomic variation via intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric crosses. An important question in this respect is how to utilize such variation to breed crops adapted to the changing global climate. Here, we review the genetic diversity, genome structure, and population-level differentiation of the B. napus gene pool in relation to known exotic introgressions from various species of the Brassicaceae, especially those elucidated by recent genome-sequencing projects. We also summarize progress in gene cloning, trait-marker associations, gene editing, molecular marker-assisted selection and genome-wide prediction, and describe the challenges and opportunities of these techniques as molecular platforms to exploit novel genomic variation and their value in the rapeseed gene pool. Future progress will accelerate the creation and manipulation of genetic diversity with genomic-based improvement, as well as provide novel insights into the neo-domestication of polyploid crops with novel genetic diversity from reconstructed genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jinjie Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Annaliese S. Mason
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Plant Breeding DepartmentINRESThe University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jinling Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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18
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Huang L, Min Y, Schiessl S, Xiong X, Jan HU, He X, Qian W, Guan C, Snowdon RJ, Hua W, Guan M, Qian L. Integrative analysis of GWAS and transcriptome to reveal novel loci regulation flowering time in semi-winter rapeseed. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 310:110980. [PMID: 34315596 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is an important turning point from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and vernalization is an essential condition for the flowering of annual winter plants. To investigate the genetic architecture of flowering time in rapeseed, we used the 60 K Brassica Infinium SNP array to perform a genome-wide analysis of haplotype blocks associated with flowering time in 203 Chinese semi-winter rapeseed inbred lines. Twenty-one haplotype regions carrying one or more candidate genes showed a significant association with flowering time. Interestingly, we detected a SNP (Bn-scaff_22728_1-p285715) located in exon 3 of the BnVIN3-C03 gene that showed a significant association with flowering time on chromosome C03. Based on the SNP alleles A and G, two groups of accessions with early and late flowering time phenotypes were selected, respectively, and PCR amplification and gene expression analysis were combined to reveal the structural variation of the BnVIN3-C03 gene that affected flowering time. Moreover, we found that BnVIN3-C03 inhibited the expression of BnFLC-A02, BnFLC-A03.1, BnFLC-A10 and BnFLC-C03.1, thus modulating the flowering time of Brassica napus. This result provides insight into the genetic improvement of flowering time in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yao Min
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sarah Schiessl
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xinghua Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Habib U Jan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xin He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wei Hua
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Mei Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Lunwen Qian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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19
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Castanera R, Vendrell-Mir P, Bardil A, Carpentier MC, Panaud O, Casacuberta JM. Amplification dynamics of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements and their impact on rice trait variability. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:118-135. [PMID: 33866641 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are a rich source of genetic variability. Among TEs, miniature inverted-repeat TEs (MITEs) are of particular interest as they are present in high copy numbers in plant genomes and are closely associated with genes. MITEs are deletion derivatives of class II transposons, and can be mobilized by the transposases encoded by the latter through a typical cut-and-paste mechanism. However, MITEs are typically present at much higher copy numbers than class II transposons. We present here an analysis of 103 109 transposon insertion polymorphisms (TIPs) in 738 Oryza sativa genomes representing the main rice population groups. We show that an important fraction of MITE insertions has been fixed in rice concomitantly with its domestication. However, another fraction of MITE insertions is present at low frequencies. We performed MITE TIP-genome-wide association studies (TIP-GWAS) to study the impact of these elements on agronomically important traits and found that these elements uncover more trait associations than single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on important phenotypes such as grain width. Finally, using SNP-GWAS and TIP-GWAS we provide evidence of the replicative amplification of MITEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Castanera
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Pol Vendrell-Mir
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Amélie Bardil
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR CNRS/UPVD 5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex, 66860, France
| | - Olivier Panaud
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR CNRS/UPVD 5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, Perpignan Cedex, 66860, France
| | - Josep M Casacuberta
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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20
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Genome sequencing sheds light on the contribution of structural variants to Brassica oleracea diversification. BMC Biol 2021; 19:93. [PMID: 33952264 PMCID: PMC8097969 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brassica oleracea includes several morphologically diverse, economically important vegetable crops, such as the cauliflower and cabbage. However, genetic variants, especially large structural variants (SVs), that underlie the extreme morphological diversity of B. oleracea remain largely unexplored. Results Here we present high-quality chromosome-scale genome assemblies for two B. oleracea morphotypes, cauliflower and cabbage. Direct comparison of these two assemblies identifies ~ 120 K high-confidence SVs. Population analysis of 271 B. oleracea accessions using these SVs clearly separates different morphotypes, suggesting the association of SVs with B. oleracea intraspecific divergence. Genes affected by SVs selected between cauliflower and cabbage are enriched with functions related to response to stress and stimulus and meristem and flower development. Furthermore, genes affected by selected SVs and involved in the switch from vegetative to generative growth that defines curd initiation, inflorescence meristem proliferation for curd formation, maintenance and enlargement, are identified, providing insights into the regulatory network of curd development. Conclusions This study reveals the important roles of SVs in diversification of different morphotypes of B. oleracea, and the newly assembled genomes and the SVs provide rich resources for future research and breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01031-2.
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21
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Matar S, Melzer S. A 598-bp InDel Variation in the Promoter Region of Bna.SOC1.A05 Is Predominantly Present in Winter Type Rapeseeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640163. [PMID: 33927737 PMCID: PMC8078208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During rapeseed domestication and breeding, genetic diversity allowed to adapt it to different eco-geographical regions and to shape its useful traits. Structural variations (SVs), including presence/absence variations (PAVs), are thought to play a major role in the genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity of rapeseed. In this study, we detected a 598-bp PAV within the promoter region of an Arabidopsis ortholog of a major flowering time gene and a downstream target of FLC, SOC1, which is one of the first genes that are upregulated in rapeseed during vernalization. Further analysis showed that the insertion is present predominantly in winter types while absent in spring types. The 589-bp sequence is present only in the A sub-genome indicating that it originated from Brassica rapa. Since the genomic region around Bna.SOC1.A05 showed a strong reduction in nucleotide diversity, the insertion might represent a larger selected sweep for rapeseed adaptation. Cis-element analysis showed that the insertion contains an ACGTG box, which is the strongest binding motif for the HY5 transcription factor in Arabidopsis. In addition, expression analyses showed that mRNA levels of Bna.SOC1.A05 were lower in accessions carrying the insertion compared to the ones that had no insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siegbert Melzer
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Cullerne DP, Fjellheim S, Spriggs A, Eamens AL, Trevaskis B, Wood CC. A Vernalization Response in a Winter Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius) Involves the Upregulation of Homologs of FT, FUL, and MAF. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639014. [PMID: 33859660 PMCID: PMC8043130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is a member of the Asteraceae family that is grown in temperate climates as an oil seed crop. Most commercially grown safflower varieties can be sown in late winter or early spring and flower rapidly in the absence of overwintering. There are winter-hardy safflower accessions that can be sown in autumn and survive over-wintering. Here, we show that a winter-hardy safflower possesses a vernalization response, whereby flowering is accelerated by exposing germinating seeds to prolonged cold. The impact of vernalization was quantitative, such that increasing the duration of cold treatment accelerated flowering to a greater extent, until the response was saturated after 2 weeks exposure to low-temperatures. To investigate the molecular-basis of the vernalization-response in safflower, transcriptome activity was compared and contrasted between vernalized versus non-vernalized plants, in both 'winter hardy' and 'spring' cultivars. These genome-wide expression analyses identified a small set of transcripts that are both differentially expressed following vernalization and that also have different expression levels in the spring versus winter safflowers. Four of these transcripts were quantitatively induced by vernalization in a winter hardy safflower but show high basal levels in spring safflower. Phylogenetic analyses confidently assigned that the nucleotide sequences of the four differentially expressed transcripts are related to FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), FRUITFUL (FUL), and two genes within the MADS-like clade genes. Gene models were built for each of these sequences by assembling an improved safflower reference genome using PacBio-based long-read sequencing, covering 85% of the genome, with N50 at 594,000 bp in 3000 contigs. Possible evolutionary relationships between the vernalization response of safflower and those of other plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren P. Cullerne
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Andrew Spriggs
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Eamens
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Trevaskis
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Craig C. Wood
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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23
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Calderwood A, Lloyd A, Hepworth J, Tudor EH, Jones DM, Woodhouse S, Bilham L, Chinoy C, Williams K, Corke F, Doonan JH, Ostergaard L, Irwin JA, Wells R, Morris RJ. Total FLC transcript dynamics from divergent paralogue expression explains flowering diversity in Brassica napus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3534-3548. [PMID: 33289112 PMCID: PMC7986421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is a key adaptive and agronomic trait. In Arabidopsis, natural variation in expression levels of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) leads to differences in vernalization. In Brassica napus there are nine copies of FLC. Here, we study how these multiple FLC paralogues determine vernalization requirement as a system. We collected transcriptome time series for Brassica napus spring, winter, semi-winter, and Siberian kale crop types. Modelling was used to link FLC expression dynamics to floral response following vernalization. We show that relaxed selection pressure has allowed expression of FLC paralogues to diverge, resulting in variation of FLC expression during cold treatment between paralogues and accessions. We find that total FLC expression dynamics best explains differences in cold requirement between cultivars, rather than expression of specific FLC paralogues. The combination of multiple FLC paralogues with different expression dynamics leads to rich behaviour in response to cold and a wide range of vernalization requirements in B. napus. We find evidence for different strategies to determine the response to cold in existing winter rapeseed accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Lloyd
- Institute of BiologicalEnvironmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth University, PenglaisAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3DAUK
| | - Jo Hepworth
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Eleri H. Tudor
- Institute of BiologicalEnvironmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth University, PenglaisAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3DAUK
| | - D. Marc Jones
- Computational and Systems BiologyJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- VIB‐UGent Centre for Plant Systems BiologyTechnologiepark 71Gent9052Belgium
| | - Shannon Woodhouse
- Computational and Systems BiologyJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Lorelei Bilham
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | | | - Kevin Williams
- Institute of BiologicalEnvironmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth University, PenglaisAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3DAUK
| | - Fiona Corke
- Institute of BiologicalEnvironmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth University, PenglaisAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3DAUK
| | - John H. Doonan
- Institute of BiologicalEnvironmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS)Aberystwyth University, PenglaisAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3DAUK
| | - Lars Ostergaard
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Judith A. Irwin
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Rachel Wells
- Department of Crop GeneticsJohn Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
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24
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Matar S, Kumar A, Holtgräwe D, Weisshaar B, Melzer S. The transition to flowering in winter rapeseed during vernalization. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:506-518. [PMID: 33190312 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is a major determinant of adaptation, fitness and yield in the allopolyploid species rapeseed (Brassica napus). Despite being a close relative to Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known about the timing of floral transition and the genes that govern this process. Winter, semi-winter and spring type plants have important life history characteristics that differ in vernalization requirements for flowering and are important for growing rapeseed in different regions of the world. In this study, we investigated the timing of vernalization-driven floral transition in winter rapeseed and the effect of photoperiod and developmental age on flowering time and vernalization responsiveness. Microscopy and whole transcriptome analyses at the shoot apical meristems of plants grown under controlled conditions showed that floral transition is initiated within few weeks of vernalization. Certain Bna.SOC1 and Bna.SPL5 homeologs were among the induced genes, suggesting that they are regulating the timing of cold-induced floral transition. Moreover, the flowering response of plants with shorter pre-vernalization period correlated with a delayed expression of Bna.SOC1 and Bna.SPL5 genes. In essence, this study presents a detailed analysis of vernalization-driven floral transition and the aspects of juvenility and dormancy and their effect on flowering time in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Matar
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Avneesh Kumar
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Holtgräwe
- Center for Biotechnology - CeBiTec, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bernd Weisshaar
- Center for Biotechnology - CeBiTec, University Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Siegbert Melzer
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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25
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Schiessl S. Regulation and Subfunctionalization of Flowering Time Genes in the Allotetraploid Oil Crop Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:605155. [PMID: 33329678 PMCID: PMC7718018 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.605155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a vulnerable, but crucial phase in building crop yield. Proper timing of this period is therefore decisive in obtaining optimal yields. However, genetic regulation of flowering integrates many different environmental signals and is therefore extremely complex. This complexity increases in polyploid crops which carry two or more chromosome sets, like wheat, potato or rapeseed. Here, I summarize the current state of knowledge about flowering time gene copies in rapeseed (Brassica napus), an important oil crop with a complex polyploid history and a close relationship to Arabidopsis thaliana. The current data show a high demand for more targeted studies on flowering time genes in crops rather than in models, allowing better breeding designs and a deeper understanding of evolutionary principles. Over evolutionary time, some copies of rapeseed flowering time genes changed or lost their original role, resulting in subfunctionalization of the respective homologs. For useful applications in breeding, such patterns of subfunctionalization need to be identified and better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schiessl
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sarah Schiessl,
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26
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Akter A, Itabashi E, Kakizaki T, Okazaki K, Dennis ES, Fujimoto R. Genome Triplication Leads to Transcriptional Divergence of FLOWERING LOCUS C Genes During Vernalization in the Genus Brassica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:619417. [PMID: 33633752 PMCID: PMC7900002 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.619417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The genus Brassica includes oil crops, vegetables, condiments, fodder crops, and ornamental plants. Brassica species underwent a whole genome triplication event after speciation between ancestral species of Brassica and closely related genera including Arabidopsis thaliana. Diploid species such as Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea have three copies of genes orthologous to each A. thaliana gene, although deletion in one or two of the three homologs has occurred in some genes. The floral transition is one of the crucial events in a plant's life history, and time of flowering is an important agricultural trait. There is a variation in flowering time within species of the genus Brassica, and this variation is largely dependent on a difference in vernalization requirements. In Brassica, like in A. thaliana, the key gene of vernalization is FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In Brassica species, the vernalization response including the repression of FLC expression by cold treatment and the enrichment of the repressive histone modification tri-methylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) at the FLC locus is similar to A. thaliana. B. rapa and B. oleracea each have four paralogs of FLC, and the allotetraploid species, Brassica napus, has nine paralogs. The increased number of paralogs makes the role of FLC in vernalization more complicated; in a single plant, paralogs vary in the expression level of FLC before and after vernalization. There is also variation in FLC expression levels between accessions. In this review, we focus on the regulatory circuits of the vernalization response of FLC expression in the genus Brassica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayasha Akter
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Etsuko Itabashi
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kakizaki
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Okazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Elizabeth S. Dennis
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryo Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryo Fujimoto,
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27
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Xu Y, Zhang B, Ma N, Liu X, Qin M, Zhang Y, Wang K, Guo N, Zuo K, Liu X, Zhang M, Huang Z, Xu A. Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping and Identification of Candidate Genes Controlling Flowering Time in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:626205. [PMID: 33613591 PMCID: PMC7886670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.626205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time plays a vital role in determining the life-cycle period, yield, and seed quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in certain environments. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify the genetic architecture of genes controlling flowering time helps accelerate the early maturity breeding process. In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSR) and specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technologies were adopted to map the QTLs for flowering time in four environments. As a result, three target intervals, FTA09, FTA10, and FTC05 were identified. Among this, FTA09 was considered as a novel interval, FTA10 and FTC05 as stable regions. Based on the parental re-sequencing data, 7,022 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 2,195 insertion-deletions (InDels) between the two parents were identified in these three target regions. A total of 186 genes possessed genetic variations in these intervals, 14 of which were related to flowering time involved in photoperiod, circadian clock, vernalization, and gibberellin pathways. Six InDel markers linked to flowering time were developed in the three target intervals, indicating that the results were credible in this study. These results laid a good foundation for further genetic studies on flowering-time regulation in B. napus L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Market Supervision Administration, Yanchi, China
| | - Mengfan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaifeng Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Zhen Huang,
| | - Aixia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Aixia Xu,
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